Design and Implementation of technique of maximum power

utilization of Solar Panel

Design and Implementation of technique of maximum power

utilization of Solar Panel

- HITAM EEE Students

- HITAM EEE Students

The ‘solar position control system’ is a most advanced embedded based project.

Nowadays we are observing much increase in the power tariff and due to this increase, a common man is unable to bear such rates.

This project titled as “Design and Implementation of technique of maximum power utilization of Solar Panel” to develop a system through which we can save the power.

Introduction

Normally we glance in shopping malls, theaters and House appliances and conference halls and at any other places they are using the source like generators along with the main power supply as a backup, but they are expensive.

That’s why by using the solar power we can generate power economically and this is a natural power so there is no reduction in the source of power production and also no power wastage in this system.

In normal solar panel we can get the power only in one direction, so we are unable to fully utilize the natural resource with this system.

That’s why a system is being developing through our project which we can get the power in all directions on rotating the panel according to the sun position.

Through this system we can increase the output power than normal system.

For this one stepper motor is connected to solar panel. Sun light absorbers (LDRs) are connected in the circuit according to change in position of the sun.

When corresponding LDRs observe the sunlight. The output of LDR is in analog form. Microcontroller accepts only digital form.

In this we are interfacing another A/D Converter device to convert the generated analog signal to digital form and to send it to microcontroller.

Finally all LDRs value is compare and selects the LDR of giving more brightness and stepper motor will turn on and moves the solar panel to the position of the corresponding LDR. By this process we can get the more power.

Working procedure

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Schematic view

Conti.

DESIGNING: In order to fulfill this application there

are few steps that has been performed i.e.  Designing the power supply for the entire

circuitry. Selection of microcontroller that suits our

application.  Complete studies of all the above points are

useful to develop this project.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

POWER SUPPLY SECTION: 

In-order to work with any components basic requirement is power supply. In this section there is a requirement of different voltage levels.

Microcontroller

A/D Converters

Many other peripherals like LED, LDR’s, relays.

Basic components :

In order to fulfill our application basic that is AT89C51 controller is enough. But still we selected AT89S52 controller because of inbuilt ISP (in system programmer) option.

  There are minimum six requirements for proper operation of microcontroller. power supply section pull-ups for ports (it is must for PORT0) Reset circuit Crystal circuit ISP circuit (for program dumping) EA/VPP pin is connected to Vcc.

Microcontroller

A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.

 Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.

By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. 

Microcontrollers usually contain from several to dozens of general purpose input/output pins (GPIO).

GPIO pins are software configurable to either an input or an output state. When GPIO pins are configured to an input state, they are often used to read sensors or external signals.

Configured to the output state, GPIO pins can drive external devices such as LEDs or motors.

Microcontrollers were originally programmed only in assembly language, but various high-level programming languages are now also in common use to target microcontrollers.

MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC. Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. It contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15.

It is economical and natural power, less power wastage in this system.

Solar energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas ,oil and coal )and sustainable, helping to protect our environment. 

The solar tracker system provides numerous applications in the field of industrial, infrastructural as well as agricultural sectors, both private and public purposes.

Its main application lies in the industrial processes like energy stations and powerhouses for the production of electricity. Moreover, it also find its applications in pool filtration systems, in agriculture for irrigation methods and solar water heating systems

Advantages :