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http://lre.eun.org

Social tagging of

open educational resources

in the MELT Project

Riina VuorikariEuropean Schoolnet

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http://lre.eun.org

Social tagging of

open educational resources

WHAT? Give me an example!

- Let's look into bookmarks

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Social tagging of

open educational resources

And what is there for teachers?

- Can it really help them to find

digital resources?

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Readily available at your browser

A good way to get back to what you once found

and organise your life according to folders..

Bookmarks

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.. if you remember in which folder it

was stored in?

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Proliferation of web-based servicesfor sharing digital items

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Proliferation of web-based servicesfor sharing digital items

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...times are changing

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Sharing digital items through tags and a tag cloud

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Cues and trails from other users

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Social tagging of resources in multilingual Europe

Addition to the traditional LOM

By users interacting with the portal, resources and other users

Four main tools:– social bookmarking and tags in multiple

languages – ratings of usefulness – pedagogical annotations (used in learning events)– levels of user engagement when interacting with

the system (what is viewed, how many times,..)

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http://lre.eun.org

Social bookmarking

To store, organise, share and search bookmarks of web pages. Keep found things found!

Users organise bookmarks with informal tags (instead of the traditional folders)

Bookmarks are usually public and shared

Find like-minded users with similar interest.

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What is a tag?

Metadata externally applied to an item

Can be used for sorting or managing

A hook for aggregating

Provides identifier and/or description

Personal marker to help associate with the resource

by partly Thomas Vander Wal

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Bookmark is a triple (user, resource, {tags})

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A great navigational aid to discover resources!

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Digital

traces to follow!

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More ways for social navigation

Discover resources

through tags in

multiple languages

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by Stiphy

“Social”

makes

trails

visible..

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and

shows

where

to do go

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http://lre.eun.org Can tags and bookmarks be used to

connect users cross national and

language borders?

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Social bookmarking in multi-lingual environment

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.. allows new ways to discover both resources and people!

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“Travel well” learning resources

item bookmarked is of different language than user's mother tongue and/or

item has tags in different language(s) than that of the item language and/or

item is from a different country than from where the user is from

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Are tags found useful?

Vuorikari, R., Ochoa, X., Duval, E. Analysis of User Behavior on MultilingualTagging of Learning Resources. In Workshop proceedings of the EC-TEL conference: SIRTEL07 (EC-TEL ’07) (Crete, Greece, September 17-20, 2007)

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http://lre.eun.org

Are tags found useful?

Tags, produced with no outlay, show an encouraging and

potential gain in overall usefulness!

Vuorikari, R., Ochoa, X., Duval, E. Analysis of User Behavior on MultilingualTagging of Learning Resources. In Workshop proceedings of the EC-TEL conference: SIRTEL07 (EC-TEL ’07) (Crete, Greece, September 17-20, 2007)

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http://lre.eun.org

Does the language matter?

Need for better ways to identify the language– Give rules (if the user first preferred languages is..,

then..)– Automate the recognition of languages– Out-source it to users

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“Travel well” tags

About 15% of tags contain a general term, a name, place, etc. that is easily understood without translation

e.g. AIDS, software, EU, Euroopa, Europa, europe, Evropa, geograafia, Pythagoras, algebra, arhitektura, astronomie, Austrálie, bakterie, biotechnologie, dinozaurai, drama, formules, fotosyntéza, ..

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What's the point of travel well tags?

If those tags need no translation or language filtering to be understood, and

..if they can be identified:

We can be sure to show at least some tags to users – whose language preferences we don't know, and – in whose language there are no tags or keywords

available.

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http://lre.eun.org

Benefits of social tagging and content enrichment

Will offer a richer view on how resources are used (viewed, tagged, shared, used)

Who interacts with resources cross (inter)national and linguistic borders

How resources are taken up and how do users enrich your content

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User engaging with resources

Steps taken:- views page- views metadata- bookmarks and

tags- rates

Shareable with others through Contextual Attention Metadata framework!

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How do users tag?

Most posts consisted of only one tag

More than half of tags were used just once (54%)

Only about 10% of tags were reused more than twise

Percent of tags/postingOnetag 79%2 tags 15%3 tags 4%4 tags 1%5 tags 0.39%6 tags 0.23%7 tags 0.08%

No guided tagging in this pilot!

This may change.

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Semantic analysis of tags

Factual tags 63%(Golder: item topics, kinds of item, category refinements)

Subjective tags 29%( Golder: item qualities)

Personal tags 3% (Golder: item ownership, self-reference, tasks organisation)

5% other

Sen et al. (2006).

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Why tag categories? In Sen et al. (2006) it

was found that tags of different categories can be useful for different tasks

In our case it is too early to say anything, but ...we'll have an eye on it!

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http://lre.eun.org

social bookmarks Metadata LOM tags folksonomy social tagging

multi-linguality social classificationthanks! for your attention

learning resources user communitiesdiscover resources and items

questions? teachers social navigation

social tracespaths, trails

http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~hmdb/infovis/calibrate/calibrate.htmlflock