BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

WITH DIAMOND CHIP CIRCUTING

Who here has seen this movie?

How wazzat?

What about this?

Contents

• Introduction to Brain Machine Interface(BMI)• Types of BMI• Introducing Diamond Chip• CNT & its properties• CNT on BMI • Combined Applications• Overview• Conclusion

What is Brain Machine Interface?

• A Brain Machine Interface(BMI) is a collaboration in which a brian accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body.

• It translates the brain signals to codes of programing languages

• Research in 1970s at UCLA mainly on animals

The reason for BMI

• There are more than 200,000 people in the United States with severely impaired motor skills.

• Two ways to restore functions–Repair the damaged nerve axons–Build neuro -prosthetic devices

Process of BMI

• Patients attach electrodes to their scalp with a conductive gel on the skull

• Or surgery to implant chip on brains surface

Process Continued

• Presented patients with a 6x6 matrix, that contains each letter of the alphabet and numbers 0-9

• Brain elicits P300 and is recorded by electroencephalograph (EEG)

Types of BMI

Invasive BMI

• Implants the computer chip into user’s brain cortex to record electrical waves

• Retrieves information quickly and clearly

• Invasive BMI faces substantial difficulties and entail significant clinical risks

Noninvasive BMI

• Places the BMI on the user’s scalp to record electricity waves

• Slight delay (300-600 ms)• Less dangerous and risky• Used for basic

communication and control amputee arm

How BMI works?

• Brain is made out of neurons• Brain detects and translates

the signal of brain to tangible action

• Same principle different clearness

• More accurate signal detection from invasive BMI

What is diamond chip?

In a single definition, Diamond Chip or Carbon Chip is an Electronic Chip manufactured on a diamond structure Carbon wafer

How is it Possible ?

Diamond structural carbon is non conducting in nature.

To make it conducting, doping process is performed.

Boron-- as the p-type. Nitrogen--as the n-type.

Some facts… Carbon is not a semiconductor. Some of the carbon allotropes

acts as semiconductor.

Fig: Carbon atom.

What is carbon nanotube?

Just fold the graphene sheet into a tube like structureIt is a nanosize cylinder of carbon atoms.It has less than one nanometer diameter.

Fig:Carbon nanotubes made step by step.Fig :View of

CNT.

Properties of CNT

• Properties– Hardness– Strength– Electrical– Thermal– One-dimensional transport

Properties…

• HARDNESS : It can withstand a

pressure up to 24GPa without deformation.

• STRENGTH : Carbon nanotubes are

the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus respectively.

Properties…

• ELECTRICAL : High electrical conductivity

(10-6 ohm). Do not suffer from electro

migration or atomic diffusion and thus can carry high current densities (107 -109 A/cm2 ),which is 1000 times that of copper.

Both metal and semiconductor can be formed.

Properties…

THERMAL :The temperature stability of

carbon nanotubes is estimated to be up to 2800 °C in vacuum and about 750 °C in air.

ONE DIMENTIONAL TRANSPORT :Because of the nanoscale

dimensions, electrons propagate only along the tube's axis.

Carbon nanotubes are frequently referred to as “one-dimensional”

Fig: Flow of electronsIn Carbon Nanotubes.

ADVANTAGES

• Smaller components are possible.

• It works at higher temperature.

• Faster than silicon chips.

• Larger power handling capacity.

..OF DIMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

We could replac ethe “Silicon” circuits of ordinary BMI chip by “Diamond”

How can we Apply CNT into BMI

Present Developments:

• BMI for Tereaplegics• Brain controlled Robot • ‘BRAINGATE’ BMI• ATR HONDA’s new BCIBCI2000

APPLICATIONS

BMI in Rehabilitation

• Allows brain-induced movement of prosthetics• Movement (i.e. wheelchairs)

BMI in Daily Life

• Control house system– Lock door– Turn on and off stove– Turn on lights– Adjust room temperature

• Control personal computer– Play game– Pick music– Make document– Send e-mail

Possible Future BMI uses in Daily Life• Communication with others• Thought storage and enhancement• Remote access to appliances and household functions. • Commercial BMI devices which allow users to form conscious

connections with mobile phones, PCs, and even their dreams which can be recorded in their entirety.

OverviewThis new product can help:• Amputees regain limb control therefore limiting their reliance on

others. • Blind people regain some of their sight back.• Enhance military performance

Potential use of BMI:• Communication with others• Thought storage and enhancement• Remote access to appliances and household functions. • Commercialization of BMI devices