Internet Protocol SuiteInternet Protocol Suite(TCP/IP)(TCP/IP)

The The Internet Protocol SuiteInternet Protocol Suite (commonly known as (commonly known as TCP/IPTCP/IP) is the set of communications protocols ) is the set of communications protocols

used for the Internet and other similar networks. It used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two

networking protocols defined in this standard. networking protocols defined in this standard. Today's IP networking represents a synthesis of Today's IP networking represents a synthesis of several developments that began to evolve in the several developments that began to evolve in the 1960s and 1970s, namely the Internet and LANs 1960s and 1970s, namely the Internet and LANs

(Local Area Networks), which emerged in the mid- (Local Area Networks), which emerged in the mid- to late-1980s, together with the advent of the to late-1980s, together with the advent of the

World Wide Web in the early 1990s.World Wide Web in the early 1990s.

The Internet Protocol Suite, like many protocol The Internet Protocol Suite, like many protocol suites, may be viewed as a set of layers. Each suites, may be viewed as a set of layers. Each

layer solves a set of problems involving the layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data, and provides a well-defined transmission of data, and provides a well-defined

service to the upper layer protocols based on service to the upper layer protocols based on using services from some lower layers. Upper using services from some lower layers. Upper

layers are logically closer to the user and deal with layers are logically closer to the user and deal with more abstract data, relying on lower layer more abstract data, relying on lower layer

protocols to translate data into forms that can protocols to translate data into forms that can eventually be physically transmitted.eventually be physically transmitted.

The TCP/IP model consists of four layers. From The TCP/IP model consists of four layers. From lowest to highest, these are the Link Layer, the lowest to highest, these are the Link Layer, the

Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer.Application Layer.

The The Internet Protocol SuiteInternet Protocol Suite Application Layer

BGP · DHCP · DNS · FTP · GTP · HTTP · IMAP · IRC · Megaco · MGCP · NNTP · NTP · POP · RIP · RPC · RTP · RTSP · SDP · SIP · SMTP · SNMP · SOAP · SSH · STUN · Telnet · TLS/SSL · XMPP 

Transport Layer

TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP ECN 

Internet Layer

IP (IPv4,IPv6) ICMP ICMPv6 IGMP IPsec

Link LayerARP · RARP · NDP · OSPF ·Tunnels (L2TP)· Media Access Control (Ethernet, MPLS, DSL, ISDN, FDDI) · Device Drivers

The TCP/IP suite uses encapsulation to provide The TCP/IP suite uses encapsulation to provide abstraction of protocols and services. Such abstraction of protocols and services. Such

encapsulation usually is aligned with the division of encapsulation usually is aligned with the division of the protocol suite into layers of general the protocol suite into layers of general

functionality. In general, an application (the highest functionality. In general, an application (the highest level of the model) uses a set of protocols to send level of the model) uses a set of protocols to send

its data down the layers, being further its data down the layers, being further encapsulated at each level.encapsulated at each level.

This may be illustrated by an example network This may be illustrated by an example network scenario, in which two Internet host computers scenario, in which two Internet host computers communicate across local network boundaries communicate across local network boundaries constituted by their internetworking gateways constituted by their internetworking gateways

(routers).(routers).

TCP/IP stack TCP/IP stack operating on operating on

two hosts two hosts connected via connected via

two routers two routers and the and the

corresponding corresponding layers used at layers used at

each hopeach hop

Encapsulation of application data descending Encapsulation of application data descending through the protocol stack. through the protocol stack.

ApplicationApplication

TransportTransport

InternetInternet

LinkLink

If You are stillIf You are still interested interestedtry to find:try to find:

TCP/IP modelTCP/IP model Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Engineering Task Force List of TCP and UDP port numbers List of TCP and UDP port numbers OSI Model OSI Model

Thanks for watchingThanks for watching

Presentation made by Szymon M.Presentation made by Szymon M.

Most of the informations are onMost of the informations are on

http://en.wikipedia.org/.http://en.wikipedia.org/.