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Introduction to Multimedia Systems

Introduction

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Page 1: Introduction

Introduction to Multimedia

Systems

Page 2: Introduction

The Term “Multimedia”

● Composed of 2 parts:– Multi (multus) : “numerous, multiple”– Media (medium): “middle, center” – agent for

something. Used for dissemination (distribute) and representation of information.

– In general, multimedia could be defined as the usage of multiple agent (text, audio, video, images) for disseminating and presenting information to audience (target user)

Page 3: Introduction

The Term “Media”

● Can be categorized based on a few criteria:– Perception media– Representation media– Presentation media– Storage media– Transmission media

Page 4: Introduction

Perception Media

● “How do humans perceive information”● We perceive information from what we see and

what we hear● Visual media:

– Text, graphics, images, video● Auditory media:

– Music, sound and voice

Page 5: Introduction

Representation Media

● “How in information encoded in the computer”● Referring to how the information is represented internally

to the computer.● The encoding used is of essential importance.● Several options:

– Text is encoded in ASCII– An audio data stream in PCM (Pulse Coded Modulation)– Image in JPEG format– Video in MPEG format

Page 6: Introduction

Presentation Media

● “Which medium is used to output information from the computer or input in the computer”

● Refers to physical means used by systems to reproduce information for humans, e.g: audio and visual devices

● Input:– Keyboards, cameras, microphone, Head Mounted Device (for

VR input)● Output:

– Paper, monitors, loudspeakers

Page 7: Introduction

Storage Media

● “Where is information stored”● Refer to various physical means for storing

computer data, such as magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, or digital optical disks (CD-ROM, CD, DVD)

Page 8: Introduction

Transmission Media

● “Which medium is used to transmit data”● Refers to the physical means – cable of various

type (coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optics), radio tower, satellite – that allow the transmission of telecommunication signals.

● The difference between transmission media and storage media is the capability of transferring data continuously over networked computers.

Page 9: Introduction

Definition: Multimedia Systems

●  The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.  2000.

– 1. The combined use of media, such as movies, music, lighting, CD-ROMs, and the Internet, as for education or entertainment

– Multimedia is the presentation of a (usually interactive) computer application, incorporating media elements such as text graphics, video, animation, and sound, on a computer.

● It is the melding of the sensory power of television with the data manipulation and interactive capabilities of computer

Page 10: Introduction

Definition: Multimedia Systems

• The presentation of a computer application, usually interactive, that incorporates media elements such as text, graphics, video, animation, and sound on a computer. Multimedia melds the sensory power of television with the data manipulation and interactive powers of computer.

• A multimedia system is characterized by computer-controlled, integrated production, manipulation,presentation, storage and communication of independent information,which is encoded at least through continuous (time-dependent) and a discrete (time-independent) medium.

Page 11: Introduction

Key Properties of a Multimedia Systems

● Discrete and Continuous Media– At least one discrete and continuous media

● Independent Media– Separate each media independently

● Computer-Controlled Systems● Integration

Page 12: Introduction

Interactive Multimedia Systems

● Interaction– Thought - Something that you do to yourself ~ internal process (mental state)– Action - Something you do to an object in the world. The effect is that

something in the world has changed. E.g.: pressing key, clicking mouse button

– Interaction - Involves the participant in going outside the individual. Two way process. E.g.: give a query to search engine which can return an outcome of my search.

● Properties– Various media integration – High level degree of interactivity between user and computer– Digital environment

Page 13: Introduction

Application Areas of IMS

● Education– Computer Aided Learning (CAL)– E-Learning (World Wide Web)

● Training● Point of Sales Information (Kiosk)

– Direct visitors around the large complexes● News Delivery, Broadcasting and Advertising● Commerce and Business Applications● Virtual Reality (Games)

Page 14: Introduction

The History of Multimedia● 1972 – A Game of Pong (first commercial multimedia

product)● 1973 – ATARI (laser disc, used in game cartridges)● 1973 – IBM Discovision (first multimedia interactive

kiosk products)● 1978 – Apple II (with floppy drive)● 1981 – Microsoft and IBM (IBM PC)● Christmas 1981 – Nintendo hit the market (30 million

machines)● 1982 – Apple II had voice synthesis capability

Page 15: Introduction

The History of Multimedia

● 1980s – mouse was invented by Xerox Corp.● 1984 – Macintosh using mouse● 1984 – Virtual Reality was invented by NASA, input devices using

HMD (Head-Mounted Display) and Dataglove● 1985 – Macromind (Macromedia) produced VideoWorks, later

changed to Director (the most widely used cross-platform multimedia authoring tool)

● 1986 – first electronic encyclopedia, first international conference on multimedia, first CD-ROM

● 1987 – Mac II (first color GUI)● 1988 – CD-R (CD-Record)● 1989 – Creative Labs (Sound Blaster sound card)

Page 16: Introduction

The History of Multimedia● 1990s – Adobe released Photoshop.● 1990s – Windows 3.0 multimedia enabled by Microsoft● 1992 – first children ‘s interactive book title “Just

Grandma and Me”● 1993 – double speed CD-ROM drives as a multimedia

standard● 1993 – Web Browser Mosaic ● 1994 – Web Browser Netscape● 1995 – Multimedia PC, 32 bit, Windows 95. Later

followed by Windows 98, Windows 2000

Page 17: Introduction

Input Devices

1. Keyboard, mouse (track balls, joysticks, etc)

2. graphics tablets - drawing

3. Scanner – capture image from printed material

4. Digital camera - capture and transform image into digital form

5. Touch screen for kiosk application

6. Analogue audio input from microphone and audio player

7. Networking support for fail distribution

8. modem

Page 18: Introduction

Output Devices

● High resolution screen, 256 colors (at least) – output video ● Speakers, amplifier or tape devices - Output audio● Network with capacity at 10 millions bit/second● Analog modem at 28 800 bit/second speed. ISDN digital modem at speed

128 000 bit/second.● Printer

Page 19: Introduction

Storage Requirements

● At least 32MB RAM to produce good quality of graphics, audio, video, etc● VRAM (Video Random Access Memory) to support high color definition ● Hard disk at high volume capacity with good drive system speed to support

graphics, video, audio, and animation processing.● Secondary storage CD-ROM, Magnetic Tape, etc

Page 20: Introduction

Hypermedia

– Hypermedia is a way of organizing multimedia information by linking media elements.

– Hypermedia has grown out of a fusion between hypertext and multimedia.

– Hypertext was developed to provide a different structure for basic text in computer systems :

● text is essentially sequential in nature, even though its structure is hierarchical (chapters, sections, subsections, paragraphs)

● hypertext was developed to permit more random access between components of text documents, or between documents, to allow a greater degree of flexibility and cross-referencing than a purely linear or sequential model would allow.

Page 21: Introduction

Hypermedia

Chap.1 Chap.2 Chap.3 Chap.4 Chap.5 Chap.6

A sequential text

Chap.6

Chap.5

Chap.4

Chap.3

Chap.2

Chap.1

A linked, self-referencing text

Page 22: Introduction

Hypermedia

– The structure of a hypermedia organizations is called a hypermedia web, which consists of a number of multimedia elements or nodes with links between them.

– Links represent semantic relationships, thus when a link exists between two nodes they must be related in some fashion :

● a digital image linked to a textual description of it● a slide-show linked to an audio commentary

– Most widely used hypermedia tools are hypermedia browsers, which let users view nodes and traverse links between them, and markup languages, such as HTML, which allow users to create hypermedia webs as structured documents.

Page 23: Introduction

Hypermedia

A Simple Hypermedia Web

Text Node

Image Node

Audio Node

Page 24: Introduction

Why is multimedia so hot?

● Technology Push– More processing power per chip– Progress in storage capacity– Personal computer revolution– Progress in networking– Progress in user interfaces, and software– Progress in compression techniques

● Market Pull– Large market - Revolutionizing film/video industry– Application challenges and competition – Market opportunities– Customer demand and comfort


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