What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and

volcanoes?

What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

• The Earth’s structure and plate movement

• The Earth has four main layers – the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust.

• The inner core is 5,500°C - extremely hot. It is a very dense solid made from iron and nickel.

• The outer core is 2,000 km thick and is a liquid.

• The mantle is semi-molten and about 3,000 km thick.

• The crust is the rocky outer layer. It is thin compared to the other sections, approximately 5 to 70 km thick. If the Earth was scaled down to the size of an apple, the crust would be about the thickness of the apple skin. The crust is made up of pieces called plates. There are two types of crust: oceanic and continental crust. The oceanic crust is found under the sea and is thinner and less dense than the continental crust.

Outer core

Crust

Mantle

Inner core

Attach labels and descriptions to the correct part of the diagram.

What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

Convection currents Heat from the core causes convection currents in the mantle.

These currents slowly move the crust around.

In some places the crust is destroyed. In other places new crust is formed.

• Convection currents are currents that are made up of _______ rock that move in all directions in the ________ . As a result the ______ above all move in __________ directions too.

mantle different plates molten

Have a look at this.....

Convection currents

Journey to the centre of the earth task!

• This book is about the quest to the centre of the earth. The expedition is led by Professor Otto Liedenbrock and includes Axel and their Icelandic guide Hans. Liedenbrock stumbles upon this discovery when he was going through a runic script. In the runic script he discovers a coded message written by an Icelandic alchemist Arne Saknussemm, saying that he has been to the centre of the earth. He goes on to describe how exactly he did it. So Professor Otto Liedenbrock, Axel, and Hans go to Sneffels where they are let down by cloudy skies. But on the last day the sun comes out and they enter the correct crater. Once in they face many mishaps like being in a chamber filled with combustible gas and face several prehistoric creatures. After the journey they return to Hamburg to great acclaim--Professor Liedenbrock is hailed as one of the greatest scientists of history, Axel marries his sweetheart Graüben, and Hans eventually returns to his peaceful life in Iceland.

What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

Journey to the centre of the earth task!

• On a quest to find out what happened to his missing brother, a scientist, his nephew and their mountain guide discover a fantastic and dangerous lost world in the centre of the earth.

• Watch this.....

What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

Journey to the centre of the earth task!

• You need to imagine that you have been asked to plan a mission to the centre of the earth! Some of which must be fact, but of course you can add some fiction to make your journey an exciting adventure.

• You will need to travel through the crust, mantle and core to see what is there!

• You will also need to design your vehicle that will take you there. E.g. titanium steel, fuel rods, food supplies, etc.

• You could also start to plan your journey. What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

Journey to the centre of the earth task!

• Geography Success criteria;– Use key words that make up the

layers– Describe the layers in accurate

detail (you may want to do some research)

– Mention the two different types of crust (research and on the ‘Extra Sheet’). (could you start your journey going through the sea?)

– Include the names of specific types of rocks that you may travel through (Extra Sheet)

What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?

Homework!• Complete your Journey to the Centre of the Earth poster.

• Remember to have different pictures and bits of information about the 3 different layers that you will hopefully pass through!

• This homework is over 2 weeks

What’s inside the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanoes?