MANAGEMENT AND

BEHAVIOURAL PROCESS

Study Mergers and Acquisitions

Income taxInternational Finance

Business Communication

Guidance by Prof.Shanthi Augustin

www.augustin.co.nr A free web

Finance, company law

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

COMMUNICATION CONSTITUTES A VERY IMPORTANT FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT.NOTHING HAPPENS IN MANAGEMENT UNTIL COMMUNICATION TAKES PLACE.WITHOUT COMMUNICATION WE CANNOT WORK TOGETHER IN AN ORGANISED WAY.

MANAGER SPENDS 75 TO 90 PERCENT OF THEIR WORKING TIME WITH COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERS.

“GOOD MANAGERS ARE GOOD COMMUNICATORS AND POR MANAGERS ARE POOR COMMUNICATORS.”

ACCORDING TO KEITH DAVIS “COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS OF PASSING INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER.”

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

THE COMMUNICATOR FIRST FORMULATES A CLEAR IDEA ABOUT FACTS, OPINIONS OR INFORMATION.

THE IDEA IS THEN TRANSLATED INTO WORDS,`SYMBOLS OR SOME OTHER FORM OF MESSAGE WHICH HE EXPECTS THE RECIEVER TO UNDERSTAND.THIS PROCESS IS KNOWN AS ENCODING THE MESSAGE.

THE COMMUNICATOR SELECTS A SUITABLE MEDIA FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF MESSAGE.EG:- TELEPHONE,TELEVISION

THE MESSAGE IS RECEIVED BY THE COMMUNICATEE.HE UNDERSTANDS IT BY CODING THE MESSAGE.

THE COMMUNICATEE ACTS UPON THE MESSAGE AS HE/SHE HAS UNDERSTOOD IT.

FINALLY, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION IS MEASURED THROUGH FEEDBACK.IF YHE COMMUNICATION BRINGS IN THE DESIRED CHANGES IN THE ACTIONS OR BEHAVIOUR OF THE RECEIVER,IT IS SAID TO BE SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION.

SENDER

IDEAS

ENCODING OF MESSAGE

CHANNEL

ORAL,WRITTEN,SYMBOLS,ETC

RECEIVER

DECODING THE MESSAGE

MEANING / ACTION

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONTYPES OF COMMUNICATION

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION

ON THE BASIS OF RELATIONSHIP

FORMAL INFORMALWRITTEN

ON THE BASIS OF MEDIA

ORAL GESTURAL

ON THE BASIS OF FLOW OR DIRECTION

DOWNWARD UPWARD HORIZONTAL DIAGONAL

FORMAL COMMUNICATION IS THAT WHICH TAKES PLACE THROUGH THE FORMAL CHANNELS OF THE ORGANISATION STRUCTURE DELIBERATELY AND CONSCIOUSLY ESTABLISHED BY THE MANAGEMENT.FLOW OF INFORMATION ALONG THE LINES OF AUTHORITY FORMALLY ESTABLISHED IN THE ENTERPRISE.

FORMAL COMMUNICATIONFORMAL COMMUNICATION

SUCH COMMUNICATIONS ARE GENERALLY IN WRITING AND MAY TAKE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING FORMS:

POLICY MANUALS

PROCEDURAL AND RULE BOOKS

OFFICIAL MEETINGS

INTERVIEWS ETC..,

THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION ARE:

IT HELPS IN THE FIXATION OF RESPONSIBILITY AND MAINTAINING OF IT HELPS IN THE FIXATION OF RESPONSIBILITY AND MAINTAINING OF AUTHORITY RELATIONSHIPAUTHORITY RELATIONSHIP..

THE LIMITATIONS ARE:

IT IS TIME CONSUMING

CUMBERSOME

IT LEADS TO A DEAL OF DISTORTION

INFORMAL COMMUNICATION OR GRAPEVINE

COMMUNICATION ARISING OUT OF ALL THOSE CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION THAT FALL OUTSIDE THE FORMAL CHANNELS IS KNOWN AS INFORMAL COMMUNICATION.

IT DOESNOT FOLLOW LINES OF AUTHORITY.IT ARISES DUE TO THE PERSONAL NEEDS OF THE MEMBERS OF AN ORGANISATION AND EXISTS IN EVERY ORGANISATION.

ADVANTAGES:

♦ IT SATISFIES THE DESIRES OF THE PEOPLE TO KNOW WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE ORGANISATION.

♦ IT HELPS TO IMPROVE MANAGERIAL DECISIONS AS MORE PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING.

♦ IT SERVES AS A VERY USEFUL PURPOSE IN CONVEYING CERTAIN MESSAGES.

DISADVANTAGES:

IT CONSISTS OF HALF TRUTHS.

IT COMPLETELY CONTAINS INACCURATE INFORMATION.

IT CONSISTS OF RUMOURS AND DISTORTED INFORMATION.

DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A SUPERIOR AND SUBORDINATE IS KNOWN AS VERTICAL COMMUNICATION.IT MAY BE DOWNWARD OR UPWARD COMMUNICATION.

IT FOLLOWS THE LINE OF AUTHORITY FROM THE TOP TO THE BOTTOM OF THE ORGANISATION HIERARCHY.

IT IS A MUST IN ANY ORGANISATION.IT IS NEEDED FOR :IT IS A MUST IN ANY ORGANISATION.IT IS NEEDED FOR : TO GET THINGS DONE.

TO PREPARE FOR CHANGES.

TO DISCOURAGE LACK OF UNDERSTANDING AND SUSPICION.

EXAMPLES:

NOTICES

CIRCULARS

ORDERS

MEMOS

LETTERS

ANNUAL REPORTS

UPWARD COMMUNICATION

UPWARD COMMUNICATION MEANS THE FLOW OF INFORMATION FROM THE LOWER LEVELS OF THE ORGANISATION TO THE HIGHER LEVELS OF AUTHORITY.IT PASSES FROM THE SUBORDINATE AS TO A SUPERIOR AS THAT FROM WORKER TO FOREMAN,FROM FOREMAN TO MANAGER,MANAGER TO GENERAL MANAGER,GENERAL MANAGER TO CHIEF EXECUTIVE.

IT IS NEEDED FOR:

TO CREATE RESPECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION.

TO CREATE A SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS.

TO INCREASE THE MORALE OF EMPLOYEES.

TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS.

EXAMPLES:

Ω REPORTS

Ω MEETINGS

Ω COMPLAINTS

Ω SURVEYS

Ω SUGGESTIONS

HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION

THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING IS CALLED THE HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION.THIS TYPE OF COMMUNICATION IS ALSO KNOWN AS LATERAL OR SIDEWARD OR CROSSWISE COMMUNICATION.

CHIEF EXECUTIVE

MANAGER

SUPERVISOR A SUPERVISOR B SUPERVISOR C

WORKMEN WORKMEN WORKMEN

DIAGONAL

COMMUNICATION

LATERAL

COMMUNICATION

D

OW

NW

AR

D

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

UP

WA

RD

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N/F

EE

DB

AC

K

THE HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION IS GENERALLY OF AN INFORMAL NATURE. WHENEVER A DEPARTMENTAL HEAD REQUIRES SOME INFORMATION FROM ANOTHER DEPARTMENTAL HEAD, HE TENDS TO CONTACT HIM DIRECTLY. HOWEVER, THIS TYPE OF COMMUNICATION CAN BE ORAL OR WRITTEN.

IT ENABLES THE MANAGER WORKING AT THE SAME LEVEL TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION AND CO ORDINATE THEIR ACTIVITIES WITHOUT REFFERING ALL MATTERS TO THE HIGHER LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT.

DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION

THE TRANSFORM OF INFORMATION BETWEEN PEOPLE WHO ARE NEITHER IN THE SAME LEVEL OF ORGANISATION IS CALLED DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION.

EXAMPLE:

WHEN ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER COMMUNICATES WITH THE WHEN ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER COMMUNICATES WITH THE ACCOUNTS CLERK DIRECTLY,IT IS THE CASE OF DIAGONAL ACCOUNTS CLERK DIRECTLY,IT IS THE CASE OF DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION. THIS, TYPE OF COMMUNICATION INCREASES THE COMMUNICATION. THIS, TYPE OF COMMUNICATION INCREASES THE ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY BY SPEEDING UP INFORMATION AND ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY BY SPEEDING UP INFORMATION AND CUTTING ACROSS DEPARTMENTAL BARRIERS.CUTTING ACROSS DEPARTMENTAL BARRIERS.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION THROUGH WORDS,MAY BE IN WRITING OR ORAL.WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IMPLIES TRANSMISSION OF MESSAGE IN BLACK AND WHITE.TO BE EFFECTIVE,WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SHOULD BE CLEAR, CONCISE, CORRECT, COMPLETE.

IT MAY TAKE THE FOLLOWING FORMS:

REPORTS.

CIRCULARS.

MAGAZINES.

NEWS PAPER.

NOTICE BOARDS.

MANUALS.

PICTURES,DIAGRAMS,GRAPHS.

RULE AND PROCEDURE BOOKS.

INSTRUCTIONS.

ORDERS

AGREEMENTS.

ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:

€ IT PROVIDES A PERMANENT RECORD

€ IT IS AN IDEAL WAY OF TRANSMITTING LENGTHY MESSAGES.

€ IT TENDS TO BE COMPLETE,CLEAR,CORRECT.

€ IT IS USED TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION AT DISTANT PLACES.

€ IT IS USED TO CONVEY MESSAGE TO A LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE.

DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:

IT IS EXPENSIVE.

IT IS TIME CONSUMING.

IT IS DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN SECRET MESSAGES.

IT IS VERY FORMAL AND LACKS PERSONAL TOUCH.

IT OFTENLY BECOMES LENGTHY,WHEN MESSAGES ARE CONVEYED IN WRITING.

ORAL COMMUNICATION

ORAL OR VERBAL COMMUNICATION IMPLIES THE CONVEYING OF MESSAGES THROUGH SPOKEN WORDS.IT IS FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND INCLUDES COMMUNICATION THROUGH TELEPHONE,INTERCOM,PUBLIC SPEECH.

IN ORGANISATIONS , A GREAT DEAL OF INFORMATION IS EXCHANGED ORALLY.

IT MAY TAKE THE FOLLOWING FORMS(EXAMPLES):

FACE TO FACE TALKS.

INTERVIEWS.

LECTURES.

MEETINGS.

CONFERENCES.

TELEPHONIC CONVERSATIONS.

ANNOUNCEMENTS.

ADVANTAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION:

IT IS LESS EXPENSIVE OR ECONOMICAL COMPARED TO WRITTEN COMMUNICATION.

IT IS QUICKER AND SAVES TIME.

IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE.

MISUNDERSTANDINGS OR DOUBTS CAN BE REMOVED THEN AND THERE.

IT PROVIDES AS THE ONLY MEANS OF CONVEYING MESSAGES DURING TIMES OF EMERGENCIES.

DISADVANTAGES:

IT IS LESS RELIABLE.

IT PROVIDES NO RECORD FOR FUTURE REFERENCES.

IT IS NOT SUITABLE FOR LENGTHY MESSAGES.

IT DOESNOT PROVIDE SUFFICINT TIME FOR THINKING BEFORE CONVEYING THE MESSAGES.

IT HAS THE TENDENCY OF BEING DISTORTED.

GESTURAL OR NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION DOESNOT MERELY MEAN WRITTEN OR ORAL MESSAGES.MESSAGES CAN BE CONVEYED FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER BY MOVEMENT OF LIPS OR WINK OF EYE.

EXPRESSION THROUGH BODY PARTS IS KNOWN AS GESTURAL COMMUNICATION.

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:

• FACIAL EXPRESSION

• MOVEMENT OF LIPS

• WINK OF AN EYE.

• NODDING OF HEADS.

• MOVEMENT OF HANDS.Presented by JNC, Bangalore

Guidance of Prof. Shanthi Augustin

Presented by JNC Bangalore

Guided By Prof. Shanthi Augustin

AlterNative Work is

Rest

www.augustin.co.nr

CONTENTS

• MOBILE PHONES• INTERNET• E-MAIL• TELECONFERENCING

If enmity is destroyed enemy is also destroyed

MOBILE PHONES

• THE MOBILE PHONE IS BASED ON A COMBINATION OF THE OLD RADIO TECHNOLOGY &EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY.MOBILE PHONE HAVE SOME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOME PHONES BUT THERE ARE SEVERAL DIFFERENCES. MOBILE PHONE OPERATE THROUGH AIRWAYS, MUCH LIKE A RADIO. THIS MEANS THAT WEATHER CONDITIONS, UNDERGROUND PARKING OR PASSAGES AND FORTIFIED BUILDINGS MAY EFFECT RECEPTION . THERE ARE SOME BOUNDRIES TO MOBILE COVERAGE OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREAS &AWAY FROM MAJOR HIGHWAYS.

INTERNET

• THE INTERNET IS WORLD WIDE NETWORK OF NETWORKS. IT HELPS DISSIMILAR COMPUTERS WITH DIFERENT OPERATING SYSTEMS TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER USING A STANDARD SET OF PROTOCOLS.

• ISP• MODEM• WEBSITE• HOME PAGE• WEB BROWSER• WWW• URL

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS?

• HTTP• WEB ADDRESSES:AN ADDRESSING

SYTSTEM WAS DESIGNED BY THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE(IETF). THIS ADDRESSING SCHEME ASSIGNS NAMES AND NUMBERS TO IDENTIFY THE COMPUTERS ON THE INTERNET. THESE NAMES ARE CALLED DOMAIN NAMES AND THE NUMBERS ARE CALLED IP ADDERESS.

• AN IP ADDRESS CONTAINS FOUR SETS OF NUMBERS SEPARATED BY PERIODS OR DOTS. EACH SET OF NUMBERS CAN HAVE THE VALUES RANGING FROM 1 TO 25.THE NUMBERS BETWEEN THE DOTS IS CALLED OCTET.

• FOR EG:THE VSNL SERVER AT NEW DELHI HAS AN IP ADDERESS OF 202.54.15.1 ALTHOUGH THE IP ADDERESSING SCHEME IDENTIFIES THE COMPUTERS ON THE INTERNET , NUMBERS ARE DIFFICULT TO REMEMBER.

E-MAIL

• IT TAKES DAYS TO SEND A MAIL ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND WEEKS TO GO AROUND THE WORLD . NOWADAYS , ELECTRONIC MAIL IS USED. IT SAVES TIME AND MONEY. IT IS FAST AND EASY TO USE.

STEPS FOR SENDING E-MAIL

• START AN E-MAIL PROGRAMME.• GIVE THE ADDRESS OF WHERE TO

SEND THE E-MAIL.• COMPOSE THE MESSAGE USING THE

E-MAIL PROGRAMME.• GIVE THE COMMAND TO SEND THE

MESSAGE.

• IN ORDER TO SEND A E-MAIL• ISSUE OF CONFIDENTIALITY AND

SECURITY POSE THE GREATEST PROBLEM

• EFFICIENCY OF THE E-MAIL

ADVANTAGES OF E-MAIL

• SPEED• CONTENT• COST• RECEVING

MESSAGES.

TELECONFERENCING

• MEANING: TELECONFERENCING CAN BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER WITHOUT ANYONE HAVING TO SPEND TIME AND MONEY ON TRAVELL

• TYPES OF TELECONFERENCING

• AUDIO TELECONFERENCING :IT IS A CONFERENCE BY TELEPHONE .IT IS INEXPENSIVE MEDIUM.IT IS ALSO CALLED AS ‘PHONE MEETING’.

• THE MAIN FACTORS FOR ITS WIDE SPREAD ACCEPTANCE ARE :

• EASY TO USE• EASILY AVAILABLE• EASY TO PARTICIPATE

• AUDIO GRAPHICS TELECONFERECING:IT PROVIDES THE FACILITY TO MOVE THE TEXT , COMPUTER GENERATED IMAGES , PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE FILES OVER ORDINARY TELEPHONE LINES . IT IS NOT EXPENSIVE AS VIDEO CONFERENCING .

• VIDEO TELECONFERENCINGS :IT ALLOWS THE PEOPLE AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS TO SEE AND HEAR EACH OTHER AT THE SAME TIME .IT IS FULLY INTERACTIVE AND ALMOST LIKE A FACE TO MEETING .

• THE BENEFITS OF VIDEO CONFERENCING

• IT IS ALMOST FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION .

• MEANINGFUL• SAVES TIME AND COST• ALLOWS PEOPLE TO KEEP IN

TOUCH.

CONCLUSION

I

• FROM,• PAVANI• NANDINI .R .D• FLAVIA• SANDRA .T

It is Jyoti Nivas college presentation Bangalore