Zadorina A.P. Perevalov D.S.EACA (Ekaterinburg Academy

Modern Art), Ekaterinburg

MOBILE PROJECTIONS IN URBAN SPACES

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the study of the projection technologies, which

goes beyond traditional projection mapping on the static objects. We study examples

of the public art projects, where one or both components of the projection mapping

process (object for projection and light source) are movable. Also, we study the

approach for creating images in the space and lighting the scenes using moving

objects (drones), equipped with light sources. On the basis of the considered

examples, we make a conclusion about emerging new stage of the projection

technology, which can be called ubiquitous projection.

Keywords: videomapping, projection, moving screen, ubiquitous projection.

Video mapping - a technology lighting of surfaces are often non-planar,

through one or more projectors, images which are calibrated in a special way to

illuminate the desired portion of the surfaces in the desired manner [1]. The "classic"

video mapping is assumed that the two component process - the surface light source -

are fixed, and furthermore, the surface is static. At the same time, all other more

common methods video mapping, in which there are moving parts. In this paper we

consider the examples of such projects, which are focused primarily on display in

public places. First, we consider the stirring surface, then proceed to moving the

projector, then consider the situation when moving and surface and screen. Finally,

we will study the approach of creating images in space, which can be called "moving

the pixels", when three-dimensional images are constructed from a set of moving

luminous objects (drones).

1.Video mapping on wiggling objects with a non-planar geometry

In these projects as objects that are projected, use sophisticated

nepoligonalnye objects, often without even being fixed, for example, wood, whose

branches are swaying in the wind [2].

Video mapping on a tree,

Experience Vivid, Sydney, 2016 © Intel [2]

Due to the complexity of the exact video mapping on the part of the object

(stirring the branches), in this approach, the basic technique is painting an object in

the whole image color or texture, as a rule, without taking into account the geometry

of the fine. Note that for accurate tracking parts moving surface could be used such as

Microsoft Kinect depth camera. But at present, this approach is not common for

public art projects, apparently, due to the limitations that have the camera with

respect to the measurement accuracy, coverage and range of the work.

2. The video mapping on amorphous objects

Water vapor [3], water drops [4], Smoke and fog are amorphous translucent

objects that reflect and refract part of the light passing through them. This allows you

to use them as three-dimensional projection screens.

Video mapping on the pairs,

Mapping on cloud, Berlin / Dresden 2013 © Arte Creative [3]

If such a "screen" forms a thin layer in the space, the projection result looks

like a flat picture, hanging in space. If the smoke or vapor fills a space, the result

shows a perspective view of the projection of the divergent rays, which can grasp the

location of the projector.

A promising direction is to focus images of several projectors or lasers

arranged on the screen at different angles, allowing you to create three-dimensional

images of a more general kind. It should be noted that there are already some

pioneering work in this direction, but significant results can be expected in the near

future.

3. The projection of moving the projector

The projector is placed on a moving vehicle such as a car [5], Helicopter [7],

Or drone, you can create a moving projection, for example, in the form of an animal,

running along the walls of buildings.

The projection of moving the projector, 3D Projected Tiger Runs Through The

Streets, Paris 2012 © The French design studio, Le3 [5]

A more subtle approach is the precise control of the position of the projector in

its motion and rotation [6] So as to produce projection synchronized with the

geometry of the illuminated scene. Examples of this approach can be seen primarily

in enclosed spaces such as theater stage, but without a doubt, we can expect the

implementation of such projects and in public spaces.

Flying the screen, Hudson 2013 © Wired [7]

As an important step in this direction should be noted the project [7], Wherein

the screen and the projector are flying in space with the aid of two helicopters.

4. Distributed projection

Here we look at an approach that develops the idea of moving the projector and

the screen, which can be called "distributed projection" (Ubiquituous projection), by

analogy with the "distributed computing" [8]. Originally, the term was introduced to

the study of mobile projectors [9], We see here in a broader manner. Namely, we

consider a distributed projection managed many sources of light (point, directional

lights or projectors), placed on a stand-alone facilities (drones), either issued by the

audience. Next, we consider only the case when the light sources are transferred

drones. In the case where a point light source, generates a set of drones in space

image by building a drone in the desired configuration and the inclusion of their light

for a given program. In project [10] Used 300 drones, and the number is constantly

increasing use of drones.

In the case where the drones are equipped with directional lighting sources

[11], They act as a "distributed projector" pixels which light in different directions,

lighting up the desired objects with the right angles.

The use of drones as moving pixels, Holidays Drone Show at Disney Springs,

Anaheim (California, USA), 2016 © Disney / Intel [10]

One of the challenges in creating such projects is the exact positioning of

drones in space. Typically, such a problem is solved by installing special marks on

the ground, recognizing that each drone calculates the coordinates of its location in

space, on the basis that adjusts its position.

To create a "mobile cloud moving points of light" that would fly, for example,

over the surface of the water, you should use other methods of orientation, for

example, the analysis of the provisions of drones neighbors.

conclusion

These examples show that all of the more common approaches to video

mapping, in which the illuminated object is any object, including amorphous and

moving. Furthermore, the number of light sources used autonomous increases. One

can speak of the emergence and growth of technology "distributed projection", which

opens up new expressive possibilities for lighting projects and create three-

dimensional images in public spaces.

Literature

1. Definition and types of videomepinga. [Electronic resource]. -

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Видеомаппинг (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

2. Experience Vivid Sydney: Week 3 | Intel. [Electronic resource]. -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfj7y-YX9CE (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

3. The Constitute: Ready to Cloud. [Electronic resource]. -

https://vimeo.com/89599380 (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

4. 4d Projection - Introducing 'Melo M8' - Amazing Water Projection.

[Electronic resource]. -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDb9TvMKJYc (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

5. 3D Projected Tiger Runs Through The Streets Of Paris. [Electronic

resource]. -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLjdbemGNuU (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

6. SEARCHLIGHT | moving head projector | research study. [Electronic

resource]. -https://vimeo.com/67895110 (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

7. Breaking the World Record for Largest Aerial Projection Screen | WIRED.

[Electronic resource]. -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bGA_VHc73o

(Reference date: 01.02.2017).

8. Ekman U., Bolter JD, Díaz L., Søndergaard M., Engberg M., Ubiquitous

Computing, Complexity and Culture - Routledge, 2015 - 498 pages.

9. Karl DD Willis, Ubiquitous Projection: New Interfaces using Mobile

Projectors, PhD. thesis, [electronic resource].

-http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/216/ (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

10. Holidays Drone Show at Disney Springs. [Electronic resource]. -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjCGwzdDC80 (Reference date: 01.02.2017).

11. Drone x spotlight _ elevenplay x rhizomatiks "Shadow" [Electronic

resource]. -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hX2TneyE41Q (Reference date:

01.02.2017).