PowerPoint Presentation
Networking FundamentalsInstructor: Shahzad AliLec#127th Oct,
2015Punjab Group of Colleges, Pakpattan Campus
Course InstructorShahzad AliEmail: [email protected]
Introductions to Computer Networks
Introductory Lecture
What is a Network?Networks means InterconnectionInterconnection
of People
Network
Network
Computer NetworkIn information technology, a network is a series
of points or nodes interconnected by communication paths.A
collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways
in order to communicate and share resourcesUsually, the connections
between computers in a network are made using physical wires or
cablesHowever, some connections are wireless, using radio waves or
infrared signals
Computer Network
Computer NetworkSimply referred to as a networkCollection of
hardware components and softwareInterconnected by communication
channelsAllow sharing of resources and informationExample:Two
computers connecting together is an example of a network.
Classification of NetworksArea NetworksNetwork DesignNetwork
TopologyNetwork ProtocolsWired vs. Wireless
10
Area NetworksLAN Local Area NetworkMAN Metropolitan Area
NetworkWAN Wide Area Network
PAN Personal Area Network
Personal Area NetworkSmall Computer networkA personal area
network, or PAN, is a computer network organized around an
individual person within a single buildingA PAN may include wired
and wireless devicesThe reach of a PAN typically extends to 10
metersWired USBWireless- Bluetooth and InfraredSome examples of
devices arePCsPrintersFax machinesScanners, etc.
Local Area NetworkA network that connects computers and devices
in a limited geographical area such as HomeSchoolComputer
laboratoryOffice building
Metropolitan Area NetworkA computer network that usually spans a
city or a large campusA MAN usually interconnects a number of
LANsUses a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical
linksWithin limits of a cityExample:Cable TV Network
Wide Area NetworkWAN spans a large physical distanceThe Internet
is the best largest WAN spanning the Earth.
Network Design
17Network Clients (Workstation)Computers that request network
resources or services
Network ServersComputers that manage and provide network
resources and services to clientsUsually have more processing
power, memory and hard disk space than clientsClient-Server
Network
Client-Server NetworkServer Service ProviderClient Service
Requester
Peer-to-Peer NetworkPeer-to-peer network is also called
workgroupNo hierarchy among computers all are equal
Network TopologyTopologyDesign of NetworkOr refers to the layout
of connected devicesThink of a topology as a networks virtual shape
or structure
Network TopologyTypes of topology
PhysicalActual layout of the computer cables and other network
devices
LogicalThe way in which the network appears to the devices that
use it
Types Network TopologiesBus
Ring
Star
Mesh
Network ProtocolsAn agreed-uponset of rulesfor
transmittingdatabetween twodevices.Protocols specify interactions
between the communicating entities.
Network ProtocolsTypes of Protocols Used
Proprietary SystemsA system that uses technologies kept private
by a particular commercial vendorOpen systemsSystems based on a
common model of network architecture and a suite of protocols used
in its implementation
Wired Vs. WirelessNetwork with Ethernet cables predominated in
businesses, schools, and homes for several decades.
Recently wireless networking alternatives have emerged as the
premier technology for building new computer networks.
Q&A?
