Participatory Data Gathering for Public Sector Reuse: Lessons Learned from Traditional Initiatives

Participatory Data Gathering for Public Reuse

Nathalie Stembert1, Peter Conradie1, Ingrid Mulder1,2, and Sunil Choenni11,3

1.  Creating 010, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences ([email protected], [email protected])

2.  ID-StudioLab, Delft University of Technology ([email protected])

3.  Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice, The Netherlands ([email protected])

Lessons Learned from Traditional Initatives

Introduction

Introduction

Digital means that enable people to passively gather data

are emerging, among others to map noise pollution or

indicate quality of roads or congestion

Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M., Ochab, B.: Participatory noise pollution monitoring using mobile phones. Information Polity. 15, 51–71 (2010). Eriksson, J., Girod, L., Hull, B., Newton, R., Madden, S., Balakrishnan, H.: The Pothole Patrol: Using a Mobile Sensor Network for Road Surface Monitoring. MobiSys 2008 (2008). Savage, N.: Cycling through data. Communications of the ACM. 53, 16 (2010). Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnkarakatsanis/8551270040

Example – Pothole Patrol

Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/_chrisuk/6621444233/

Introduction

Initiatives constitute the use of people as carriers of

mobile sensors

Image Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tronixstuff/4524900783

Introduction

Beneficial for data quality, non comparibility of data, logistical issues

Gouveia, C., Fonseca, A., Câmara, A., Ferreira, F.: Promoting the use of environmental data collected by concerned citizens through information and communication technologies. Journal of environmental management. 71, 135–54 (2004). Image Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tronixstuff/4524900783

Introduction

Neglects qualitative information embedded in communities

Image Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/kheelcenter/5279081507 Coleman, S., Gøtze, J.: Bowling Together: Online Public Engagement in Policy Deliberation Online Public Engagement in Policy Deliberation. (2001). Corburn, J.: Bringing Local Knowledge into Environmental Decision Making Improving Urban Planning for. 420–433 (2003). Corburn, J.: Community knowledge in environmental health science: co-producing policy expertise. Environmental Science & Policy. 10, 150–161 (2007). Fischer, F.: Citizens, experts, and the environment: The politics of local knowledge. Duke University Press (2000). Stokes, P., Havas, M., Brydges, T.: Public participation and volunteer help in monitoring programs: An assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 15, 225–229 (1990).

How can digital data gathering processes benefit from traditional data gathering initiatives?

Rotterdam

Source: Wikimedia Commons: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg

2nd biggest Dutch city

+/- 600 000 inhabitants

Higher than average crime and unemployment

Cases

Case overview

Drugs in Color (DC) Housing Report (HR) Citizen Blue (CB)

Goal Stop long-term annoyance of drug nuisance in the neighborhood

Raise attention for the housing shortage in the neighborhood

Stop long-term annoyance of disturbance in the neighborhood

Data Quantitative Quantitative & Qualitative Qualitative

Frequency Quarterly Non-recurrent half year project

Once every two weeks

Supporters Community worker, Local Police Community center Community center, Local Police

Gatherers Concerned citizens Independent researcher Concerned citizens

Interpreters Independent interpreter Independent researcher Trained citizens

Data Recipients Municipality, Local police, Housing corporation

Local residents, Municipality, Housing corporation

Municipality, Local police, Housing corporation, maintenance service

Case selection

Multiple case study approach

Selection criteria:

(a)  it is an initiative in which citizens use their senses to gather data,

(b)  ownership of the initiative lies with citizens, and

(c)  the data is gathered to influence local policy and decision making

Approach

Structured, semi-structured interviews, obervations and

shadowing

Statement card analysis

Visser, F.S., Lugt, R. Van Der, Stappers, P.J.: Participatory design needs participatory communication: New tools for sharing user insights in the product innovation process. Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Creativity and Innovation - September 2005. pp. 1–17. , Łódź, Poland (2005).

Results: Actors

Bron:

Actormap per case

Actors

Process supporters

Data Recipients

Data Interpreters

Data Gatherers

Results: Process

Process

1 - Mother organizations: Make us of existing socials

structures, logistical support, subsidies

Process

2 - Motivational trigger: Mostly negative trigger, resulting

in data gathering

Process

3 - Legitimacy: Collaborative data gathering with legitimizing actors (police, local council, bureau of statistics)

Process

4 - Standardization and methodology: Agreement on method of gathering, standardized measurements

Process

5 - Data Gathering:

Contextual knowledge applied during gathering

Data interpreted to gain insights

Analysed data presented

Acknowledgement of data gathering by local authority

Process

6 - Feedback:

Short, medium or long term feedback on results. Common ground or understanding of the issues, to concrete actions undertaken to change situation

Discussion

Points of discussion

Hyper-local context – how can digital data gatherers benefit from local support?

What is the right balance between loosely organized online communities of interest and more stricter organizations?

How can the value of the data be retained during ad-hoc digital gathering?

Outlook

Outlook

Outlook

Outlook

Source: Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rotterdam_stadhuis.jpg

Small pilots in collaboration with

Rotterdam Municipality

Thank you!