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IBM
©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
What’s the value and how to optimize
Performance with SSD and IBM i
3605 Highway 52 NorthRochester, MN 55901
Tel 507-253-2367 Fax 845-491-2347
Gottfried Schimunek
Senior ArchitectApplication DesignIBM STG Software Development Lab Services
IBM ISV Enablement
2 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Mark Olson, IBM WW Product Manager for providing this comprehensive and detailed presentation
3 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Agenda
SSD introduction/overview
Implementing hot/cold
Performance insights
Roadmap for Power Systems SSD
SSD reference material
4 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Solid State Drive (Flash Technology)
Processors Memory DiskSSD
Very, very, very, very, very fast
Very, very, very fast
Very, very slow comparatively
Fast
Access Speed
1,000,000 -8,000,000 ns
~200,000 ns~100 ns< 10’s ns
There is a huge gap between memory and disk speed
5 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
New Solid State Drive (Flash Technology)
Processors Memory DiskSSD
Very, very, very, very, very fast
Very, very, very fast
Very, very slow comparatively
Fast
Access Speed
1,000,000 -8,000,000 ns
~200,000 ns~100 ns< 10’s ns
Human Time Context
~ 12.5 hours
~33 minutes
~1 second
6 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Basic Problem --- Disk “Slowing” Down (Relatively)
Capacity growing ok (35% per year), but Read/Seek -1% & Data Rate only 15% per year
While processors & memory speed up and add threads and cacheNet … a growing imbalanced between disk and processor/memory
Seagate 15k RPM/3.5" Drive Specifications
73
450
171
75
3.43.6
2002 2008
Capacity (GB)
Max SustainedDR (MB/s)Read Seek (ms)
+35%
+15%
-1%
7 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
177GB eMLC SSD Performance
.25 ms
SingleRead
Latency -Response Time (ms)
Throughput (MB/s)
IO OPERATIONS PER SECOND (IOPS)
64 MB
Write
170 MB
Read
11 k
Random Mixed
70% Read / 30% Write
15 k
Random Read
4 k
Random Write
177GB 2.5” SSD in SAS SFF bays
Power SSD
Note these are drive specific measurements and projections which can vary from what you might experience. The values assume 528 byte sectors running RAID-0 with no protection. Hypothetically if measured with unsupported 512 byte sectors, values would be higher. The values are highly workload dependent. Factors such as read/write mix, random/non-random data, drive cache hits/misses, data compressibility in the drive controller, large/small block, type of RAID or mirroring protection, etc will change these values. These values produced by a server with plenty of processor, memory and controller resources to push this much I/O into the SSD. Most client system applications don’t push SSD nearly this hard.
8.3 – 2.5 ms
~200 MB
~175 MB
0.12 - 0.4 k
0.12 - 0.4 k
0.12 - 0.4 k
For grins …15k rpm HDD
8 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Price Performance
Processors Memory DiskSSD
Very, very, very, very, very fast
Very, very, very fast
Very, very slow comparatively
Fast
Prices are suggested list prices for a Power 740 and are subject to change. Reseller prices may vary.
Power 740 (Max 512GB memory)One 32GB Memory feature = $6,390
= $199.69 per GBOne 177GB SSD = $3,588
= $20.27 per GB
SSD only 10% per GB cost of memory
$/GB
One 15k HDD = ~200 IOPS*= $2.49 / IOPS
One 177GB SSD = ~11,000 IOPS*= $0.33 / IOPS
IOPS values vary depending on many configuration and workload variables. The above values are fairly conservative for SSD are represent a 70/30 (read/write) mix. 200 HDD IOPS is better than many HDDs experience.
SSD only 13% per IOPS cost of HDD
$/IOP
9 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
World Class eMLC SSD Performance
.20 ms
.25 ms
SingleRead
Latency -Response Time (ms)
Throughput (MB/s)
IO OPERATIONS PER SECOND (IOPS)
375 MB
64 MB
Write
340 MB
170 MB
Read
24 k
11 k
Random Mixed
70% Read / 30% Write
39 k
15 k
Random Read
22 k
4 k
Random Write
387GB 2.5” SSD in SAS SFF bays
177GB 2.5” SSD in SAS SFF bays
Power SSD
Note these are drive specific measurements and projections which can vary from what you might experience. The values assume 528 byte sectors running RAID-0 with no protection. Hypothetically if measured with unsupported 512 byte sectors, values would be higher. The values are highly workload dependent. Factors such as read/write mix, random/non-random data, drive cache hits/misses, data compressibility in the drive controller, large/small block, type of RAID or mirroring protection, etc will change these values. These values produced by a server with plenty of processor, memory and controller resources to push this much I/O into the SSD. Most client system applications don’t push SSD nearly this hard.
8.3 – 2.5 ms
~200 MB
~175 MB
0.12 - 0.4 k
0.12 - 0.4 k
0.12 - 0.4 k
For grins …15k rpm HDD
10 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Price Performance
Processors Memory DiskSSD
Very, very, very, very, very fast
Very, very, very fast
Very, very slow comparatively
Fast
Prices are suggested list prices for a Power 740 and are subject to change. Reseller prices may vary.
Power 740 (Max 512GB memory)One 32GB Memory feature = $6,390
= $199.69 per GBOne 387GB SSD = $6,200
= $16.02 per GB
SSD only 8% per GB cost of memory
$/GB
One 15k HDD = ~200 IOPS*= $2.49 / IOPS
One 387GB SSD = ~24,000 IOPS*= $0.26 / IOPS
IOPS values vary depending on many configuration and workload variables. The above values are fairly conservative for SSD are represent a 70/30 (read/write) mix. 200 HDD IOPS is better than many HDDs experience.
SSD only 10% per IOPS cost of HDD
$/IOP
11 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Power eMLC SSD Performance versus 15k rpm HDDDrive to Drive comparisons
Drive-to-drive compares ignore any caching by SAS controller
HDD SSD SSD177GB 387GB
125X
33X
1X
250X
66X
SSD offers up to 66x – 250x more I/O
Operations Per Second (IOPS)
HDD is 12X – 41X slower (latency)
than SSD (milliseconds)
HDD SSD SSD177GB 387GB
12X
41X
1X1.25X
HDD SSD SSD177GB 387GB
New eMLC SSD nearly 2X WRITE
throughput (MB/s) than HDD
1X
1.8X
12 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
It All Stacks Up
15k rpm HDD(SFF)
177 GB SSD(SFF)
Depending on the workload, the HDD stack may be much higher on the left.
This shows a fairly conservative HDD vs SSD performance comparison
PLUS … the PCI slots for the SAS controllers make the HDD stack higher
1/10th Qty HDD
387 GB SSD(SFF)
1/20th Qty HDD 1/20th Qty HDD
387 GB SSD(1.8”)
13 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Power Solid State Drive
Sweet spots1. Batch window reduction for disk bound applications
You can cut up to 40-50% off window2. Response time - transaction/data base for disk bound applications
Internal drives or perhaps even SAN drives3. Analytics
Key points-- A modest quantity of SSD can often make a big diffe rence -- Both write-heavy and read-heavy work can be fine for today’s SSD –
biggest performance boost for random read workload
Processors Memory DiskSSD
Very, very, very, very, very fast
Very, very, very fast
Very, very slow comparatively
Fast
Access Speed
1,000,000 -8,000,000 ns
~200,000 ns~100 ns< 10’s ns
14 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Client - Batch Window Reduction Example 1
Associated Bank needed to reduce month end batch run time from 4+ hours to under 3 hours
SSDs cut 1.5 hours from batch run time �Plus a 16% reduction in # of disk drives
Placed eight DB2 Objects (table, index, view) on SSD
Batch Performance Runs
0
1
2
3
4
5
Hou
rs
72 HDD 72 HDD + 8 SSD 60 HDD + 4 SSD
SSD run 2
SSD run 1
Base run
2:48460
2:43872
4:22072
Batch Run Time
# of SSDs
# of SAS Disk Drives
40% Reduction
Source: IBM Power Systems Performance and Benchmark Center 5-23-09
15 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Client - Batch Window Reduction Example 2
Customer in health care industry needed to reduce batch windows significantly�Daily batch running 10+ hours
�Monthly batch running 30+ hours
Added 12 SSDs to 168 HDDs�Cut 50% from daily run time
�Cut 50% from monthly run time
.H
ours
50% Reduction with SSD
Monthly Daily
Batch Windows
16 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Client – Data Warehouse Example
SAP Customer using Business Intelligence Warehouse (BW 7.0) installed an all-SSD configuration of about 800GB.
�Huge improvement in aggregate builds / compression
�Significant reductions in queries
60-87% reductions with SSD
Sample query 1 Sample query 2 Sample build/compression
7 min5 min
65% reduction
60% reduction
20 min
2 min
4 days
1/2 day
HDD HDDSSD SSD
87% reduction
HDD SSD
17 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Client – Deep Analytics
Client doing complex financial analysis of financial transactions combined with WW economical factors. Millions of records. Insights guide client in making tactical and strategic decisions.
Transformed application from “interesting and helpful” to “critical and essential”
~85% reductions with SSD
Sample build/compression
48 hour Run
6-7 hours
~85% reduction
HDD SSD
18 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Faster Analytics
Faster answersFaster/better decision making
--------------------------SSD example: Leveraging DB2 temp space with
modest amount of SSD capacityFirst query draws data from HDD “relatively slow” ,
but data then cached on SSD. Second, third, fourth, etc query MUCH faster !!!!
When query work of this data ceases, SSD space reused for new queries.
Questions/analysis are usually iterative. The first question generates additional drill-down or expanded questions. The raw data for the first question gets reused a lot until the topic exploration is completed. Example – “what am i selling?” � “what am i selling in the evening?” � “what am i selling in the evening by store?” � etc, etc
Data Warehouse
Iterative / drill-down question
1234
19 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Client Example – IPL Reduction
IBM Development has projected modest improvement for IBM i and for AIX, but …..
IBM i POWER6 520 client with 16 drives (4 SSD and 12 HDD) �Client put load source on SSD�Now reporting 3 minute IPLs
POWER7 IBM i client also reporting 3 minute IPLs
Much faster PTF applications
Less downtime
What is your cost per minute or cost per hour for d own time? How long is your typical IPL?
20 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Many Systems Buy “Extra” Disk Arms for Performance
HDD % utilization of capacity is held low to help ensure higher I/O performance and more consistent response time - arm movement, spinning platter an issue
Write cache and read cache attempt to buffer the impact
SSD % utilization of capacity not restricted
Often less than 30-50% full for performance sensitive workloads
Can run much closer to 100% full
21 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Mixed SSD + HDD Can be Great Solution
ColdHot
Hot data may be only 10-20% capacity, but represent 80-90% activity
SSD offers best price performance when focused on “hot” data HDD offers best storage cost, so focus it on “cold” data …. a hierarchical approach
It is typical for data bases to have a large percentage of data which is infrequently used (“cold”) and a small percentage of data which is frequently used (“hot”)
May be able to use larger HDD and/or a larger % capacity used
Can run SSD closer to 100% capacity
22 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Save Space/Energy/Cooling
A few SSD can often replace many HDD
Fewer total drivesMaybe fewer controllers
Fewer I/O drawersFewer cables
I/O drawer maintenance reduction can offset SSD maintenance
23 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
A Power 740 Scenario (your situation will vary)
Power 740 �Single LPAR�IBM i V6R1
All HDD, 28 drives, mirrored versus
Mixed HDD & SSD, mirrored�12 15k RPM HDDs�4 SAS-bay-based 177GB SSDs
Achieves similar performance results
All HDD Mix HDD & SSD
Energy
All HDD Mix HDD & SSD
Acquisition
All HDD Mix HDD & SSD
Maintenance
All HDD Mix HDD & SSD
Rack "U's"
40%
39%
22%
9%
24 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Should You Use SAN/SVC SSD or Internal SSD?
yesyes
yesyes
Pro’s Con’s
Use Internal
SSD
Use SAN/SVC
SSD
“Internal” = drives located in a system unit, in an I/O drawer with PCI slots or in a disk-only I/O drawer.
25 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
DAS & SAN - Two Good Options
DASDirect Attached Storage
(“internal”)
SANStorage Area Network
(“external”)
Both options are strategicBoth options have their strengthsCan use both options on the same
server
• Fastest (lower latency)
• Typically lower cost hardware/software
• Often simpler config
• Fast • Multi-server sharing• Advanced functions/values
Flash Copy, Metro/Global Mirror, Live Partition Mobility, Easy Tier
26 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD - SAN/SVC or Internal …. Or Mixed?
Pro’s Con’s
Use Internal
SSD
Use SAN/SVC
SSD
1. Lower latency - internal is about 0.3 milliseconds faster (per access .. it can add up) (can be larger)
2. If don’t already have SAN/SVC, lower cost & less learning
3. Multiple Config options4. Handle just like other internal
storage
1. If already have SAN/SVC, adds complexity of having internal PLUS SAN/SVC
2. Reduces value of SAN/SVC high function capabilities – Flash Copy, MetroMirror, HA, partition mobility, etc
1. Leverage SAN/SVC well-known value proposition of manageability, control, functionality, performance, etc
2. If already have SAN/SVC, less learning, reduced cost to add
3. DS8000 & V7000 EasyTier
1. If don’t have SAN/SVC, need initial SAN/SVC investment in hardware, software, skills
2. Many medium/entry SAN/SVC don’t offer SSD
MIXED: If using a SAN/SVC which doesn’t have SSD, OR if not using the higher function capability of a SAN/SVC (for example you do backup/restore functions just like it was an internal drive); THEN combining internal Power Systems SSD with SAN/SVC storage can be a good thing.
“Internal” = drives located in a system unit, in an I/O drawer with PCI slots or in a disk-only I/O drawer.
27 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Technology “Myth”
“Beware SSD as they wear out as they have a limited number of writes”
Key facts to correct myth …. this is not a concern for IBM Power Systems SSD
�IBM Power Systems SSD are industrial/enterprise drives designed to handle this. Design points are many years of 24x7x365 heavy write workloads. These are not “PC-grade” or “consumer-grade” flash drives.
�Even if you do somehow “use up all the writes”, the SSD reports status prior to it being a real problem to the server and server sends a message to the operator or to IBM for a future scheduled repair action. This is just like a disk drive reporting a weakening status. Replacement SSD is covered under IBM Maintenance.
�Just like disk drives, you want to protect contents using system mirroring or RAID protection
28 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Agenda
SSD introduction/overview
Implementing hot/cold
Performance insights
Roadmap for Power Systems SSD
SSD reference material
29 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Implementing “Hot” and “Cold” Data
IBM i#1 Best integrated, automated capability available in the industry today�“Trace and Balance” function part of
IBM i – automated in i 7.1�Monitors by partition or ASP (Aux
Storage Pool) to determine hot/cold�Upon request, automatically moves hot
data to SSD, cold to HDD�Can re-monitor & rebalance any time
A few key OS files can automatically be placed on SSD Can specify specific data base objects to be placed on SSDSee white paper for additional insightsAdditional enhancements being developed
AIXAbility to granularly/flexibly select and locate hot files on SSD�Key AIX performance tools are filemon
& iostat. �Database vendors provide hot data
analysis tools, example: DB2 Snapshot. Migrating hot data�Migratepv is often useful�Softek Migration Tool provides a nice
suite of functions and can be combined with IBM Services
�See Total Storage Productivity CenterSSD white paper for additional insightsNew/enhanced tools being developed
30 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
IBM i Load Balancer
Industry leading automated capabilityMonitors partition/ASP using “trace”
�User turns trace on during a peak time�User turns trace off after reasonable
sample time�Negligible performance impact expected�Tool monitors “reads” to identify hot data�Looks at 1MB stripes of data
Upon command, automatically moves hot data to SSD, cold data to HDD�Minimal performance impact, done in
backgroundCan remonitor and rebalance any time
�Probably a weekly or monthly activity�Perhaps less often if data not volatile
IBM i intelligent hot/cold placement makes a big difference vs normal IBM striping / scattering of data across all drives.
This example 72 HDD + 16 SSD
Trans/min
App
licat
ion
Res
pons
e tim
e
72 HDD + 16 SSD No Balance
72 HDD + 16 SSD Data Balanced
Predicting/analyzing what % of data is hot for presale analysis to help size the number of SSD required:
• Use PEX tool/output • Output from monitor (will need technical person to interpret)
31 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
IBM i SSD Balancing One of 5 ASP Balancing Types
Balance data between busy units and idle units (STRASPBAL TYPE(*USAGE))
Make all of the units in the ASP have the same percent full (STRASPBAL TYPE(*CAPACITY))
Drain the data from a disk, to prepare unit it to be removed from the configuration (STRASPBAL TYPE(*MOVDTA))
(Almost obsolete) move hot data off of a compressed disk, and move cold data to the compressed disk (STRASPBAL TYPE(*HSM)) Requires specific disk controllers with compression capability – feats #2741/2748/2778. Compression only allowed in user ASPs
Move cold data to HDDs and movehot data to SSDs (STRASPBAL TYPE(*HSM))
32 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Using TRCASPBAL to place hot data on SSDs – IBM i
Trace ASP balance counts the read operations based on 1MB stripes�TRCASPBAL SET(*ON) ASP(1) TIMLMT(*NOMAX)
Start ASP balance moves the data �STRASPBAL TYPE(*HSM) ASP(1) TIMLMT(*NOMAX)�Target is 50% of read operations to be on SSD�Cold data is moved (multiple threads) to HDDs, hot data is
moved (single thread) to SSD
HDD3 HDD4 SSDHDD2HDD1
100 500 100 2000 6000
10000 1200 6000 3000 100
300 800 500 900 900
0 4000 300 400 300
200 600 700 1000 100100
300
900100
100
300
900100 10000
6000
4000
10000
6000
4000
33 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
How to Find Hot Tables and Indexes - IBM i
Performance Explorer�BY FAR the best solution�Perform analysis based on read complete and write
complete eventsDB2 maintains statistics about the number of operations on a table or index �Statistics are zeroed on each IPL�Statistics only identify candidates (logical operations include
both random and sequential operations)�Available via:� Display file description (DSPFD)� Application programming interface (API) QUSRMBRD� System i Navigator Health Center (V6R1 only)� SQL catalog queries
34 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Agenda
SSD introduction/overview
Implementing hot/cold
Performance insights
Roadmap for Power Systems SSD
SSD reference material
35 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Summary Performance Comparisons of 3 SSD Options
Similar, may be a little slower in
write-heavy usage
Base compare(reference
point)Similar
SSD drive(no controller
considerations)
eMLCSLCeMLCFlash Technology
177 GB69 GB177 GBGB capacity
SAS-Bay-BasedPCIe-basedSSD
* Assuming same number of drives per controller/adapter
36 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Performance Comparisons of 69/177GB SSD Options
Typically somewhat slower(0-5% mixed HDD/SSD)
(0-15% SSD only) (due to add’l function in SSD)
Base compare (reference point)
Similar throughput, but potentially slower response
time due to no write cache * -----
Bigger impact if RAID-5/6
SSD PLUS Controller performance Write heavy workload
Typically similarBase compare
(reference point)Typically similar *
SSD PLUS Controller performance Read heavy workload
Similar, but can vary a littleBase compare
(reference point)Similar, but can vary a little
SSD only performance (no controller) read heavy workload
Controlled by #5805/5903 or by #5906 adapter up to
9/8 drives per controller/controller pair
Controlled by #5805/5903 or by #5906 adapter up to 9/8 drives per controller/controller
pair
Tied directly to ONE controller with no write cache with max 4 drives. RAID-5 slowed due to
no write cache.
Controllers / adapters
Typically somewhat slower (0-15%)
(due to add’l function in SSD)
Base compare(reference point)
SimilarSSD-only performance (no controller) write heavy workload
eMLCSLCeMLCFlash Technology
177 GB69 GB177 GBGB capacity
SAS-Bay-BasedPCIe-basedSSD
* Assuming same number of drives per controller/adapter
37 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Other Performance Insights – background reading• Time to Write on a HDD is the same as time to read on an HDD (1:1 ratio)• Time to Write on an SSD is much longer than a read on an SSD around (3:1 ratio)• Thus the biggest SSD performance boost is for reads compared to HDD.
�SSDs do reads at < 1 ms while from HDD are typically around 3-15 ms• Writes to SSD are faster than writes to HDD …. BUT …. Write cache on a SAS controller is even faster than
a write to SSD. SSD can empty out the write cache faster than HDD, so SSD+write cache is generally faster than HDD+write cache, but comparisons have more “it depends” caveats
• The size of information being handled makes a difference. Handling bigger blocks of data takes longer, especially if doing writes.
• Randomness of information also plays a part. If there are a lot of smaller blocks of information which happen to be close together where they will be eventually be stored, then they are more likely to be in the same page of space in the SSD device’s internal controller. Thus the access and/or writes can happen “above” the real flash memory and is faster.
• HDD have had ongoing cost/GB improvements over the last 5-10years, but have had little access performance enhancements. Most performance boosts have been through enhancements in controllers of HDD, not the spinning platter or arm. No significant HDD performance improvements are currently foreseen. Thus the gap between server memory and HDD will continue to widen.
• If operating system can predict the data needed, it can issue a read prior to the application making the request reducing HDD delay to application. But random reads by definition are not feasible to pre-fetch. Applications with lots of random reads are thus THE ideal area for SSD benefits.
• Alternatives to SSD – 1) Can “pin” information in memory. This is even faster than SSD. But SSD can provide a lot more GB of capacity and is usually more cost effective per GB. 2) Also could go buy a lot more adapters with write cache and/or spread data out, but this is less cost effective than SSD.
• If an HDD fails, it can take hours to format and bring the new HDD into sync with either its mirrored pair or with the rest of the RAID-5 array. The larger the drive’s capacity, the longer the resync time can be. Until re-synced there is risk a second failure could crash the partition or application. If an SSD is replaced, the time to resync so that the RAID array or mirroring protection is restored is MUCH, MUCH faster (minutes vs hours) with SSD than HDD.
• For absolute best performance use internal SSD vs SAN SSD. There in about 0.3ms (3/10ths milliseconds) additional latency in accessing SAN. For I/O intensive applications this adds up. But SANs can offer a lot of other operational and managerial advantages for many clients. The performance trade off may be a good thing to do in the overall decision.
• For VERY rough rules of thumb for mixing HDD & SSD – use about 5-15% of the GB of the data – or use about 5-10% of the drives.
38 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Config Options --- April 2012
Power Systems (internal / DAS)
DS8000SVC
V7000XIV
SAN-based
#5913 Gen2 PCIe 1800MB cache
#ESA1/A2 Gen2 PCIe 0 MB cache
#5805 Gen1 PCIe 380MB cache
#5888 Ultra Drawer 3100MB cache
In CEC w/ intSAS contrlr
#2053/54/55 RAID & SSD SAS Adapter
SAS-bay-based SSDPCIe-based SSD
Many DAS SSD config options* for Power ClientsOptions vary
�Performance�Price�Physical size�Where tested/supported�Function
* PCI-X 1.5GB SAS adapter not shown to focus on most current technologies
39 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Power DAS SSD Options: April 2012
30242493-8 mdl dependent4Max SSD attach
N/AW1 ~24W2 ~24
W1 ~24W2 ~24
W1 4-6W2 3-4
W1 2-3W2 1-2
W1 4W2 3-4
Max 177GB busy SSD reasonably supported @
3100018003801750Write cache (MB)
YYYYNNPowerHA: share w/ 2 servers
$24.5k + $2k PCIe adpter
$6.1k + 6.1k + $5.4k drwr
$15k/pair + $5.4k drawer
$4.4k/pair + $5.4k drawer
0$3k + 2PCIe slots
Approximate USA list price with zero SSD for Mdl 740
N (SOD)NNNNNEasy Tier
1U2U+2U+2U+N/AdependsRack space needed
N (SOD)NYNYNMix HDD & SSD
AIX / LinuxYYYYYAIX/IBM i/Linux support
710 ���� 740N (SOD)N
Y 720/740 limit *
NN
Y 710/730 limit**
Y not 710/730
Y 177GB SSD
Y 710/730 limit**
Y not 710/730
Y 177GB SSD
YY, except 795N
YY, except 795Y, except 595
Servers supported- Newest 710-740 (C models) - Rest POWER7 710-795 - POWER6
177 or 387
W1 ~20W2 ~14
0
2
#5913 & #5887***
177 or 387
W1 ~18W2 ~14
0
2
#ESA1/A2 & #5887***
177 or 387
W1 2-3W2 1-2
0
2
#5805 & #5887***
387177 or 387177GB / SSD
W1 ~22W2 ~14
W1 1-2W2 1
N/AMax 387GB busy SSD reasonably supported @
1-2 (710/730=2)00Number GX slots used
002 (4 mirror)Number PCIe slots used
#5888 Ultra Drawer
In CEC w/ intSAS contrlr
#2053/54/55
SAS-bay-based SSDPCIe-based SSD
Prices subject to change. Reseller prices can vary.
@ This is a simple rule of thumb. Actual reasonable maximum depends on many factors. * ESA1 not in 720/740 system unit. Can place in #5802/5877 I/O drawer attached to 720/740 ** Not in 710/730 system unit, but 730 (8231-E2C) can have in #5802/5877 I/O drawer *** Possible to use #5802 or 5803 I/O drawer instead of #5887 EXP24S Drawer. Max 177GB SSD attach would differ for #5913 and ESA1/ESA2W1 = transaction/command/CPW type workload, smaller block, IOPS sensitive RAID5W2 = save/restore/large-file type workload, Throughput sensitive. RAID5 Assumes #5887 is in mode2 using two SAS ports for higher bandwidth.
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Notes: • Data points measured using an artificial transaction workload which IBM believes will reasonably represent many commercial client
workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. (Your results may differ.) The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.
• Write cache was turned on for #5903/5278 adapters. #2055 has no write cache. .
Performance: PCIe-Based vs. 69GB SAS-Bay-Based SSDUsing 380MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS-B ay-Based
(2) #2055 + (8) 177GB SSDRunning RAID-5 4 PCIe slots
(2) #5903/5278 adapters + (8) 69GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCIe slots
Similar performance – RAID-5 to RAID-5
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SAS-bay-based 177GB SSD similar to 69GB SSD
41 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Notes: • Data points measured using an artificial transaction workload which IBM believes will reasonably represent many commercial client
workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. (Your results may vary.) The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.
• Write cache was turned on for #5903/5278 adapters. #2055 has no write cache. .
Performance: PCIe-Based vs. 69GB SAS-Bay-Based SSDUsing 380MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS-B ay-Based
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(2) #5903/5278 adapters + (8) 69GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCIe slots
SAS-Bay-Based
PCIe-Based
Mirrored PCIe-based outperforms Medium cache RAID-5 SAS-Bay-Based
SAS-bay-based 177GB SSD similar to 69GB SSD
42 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Performance: PCIe-Based vs. 69GB SAS-Bay-Based SSDUsing 1500MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS- Bay-Based SSD
(1) #2055 + (4) 177GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCIe slots
(1) #5904/6/8 adapters + (4) 69GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCI-X slots
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PCIe-Based
Notes: • Data points measured using an artificial transaction workload which IBM believes will reasonably represent many commercial client
workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. (Your results may vary.) The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.
• Write cache was turned on for #5904/6/8 adapters. #2055 has no write cache.
Large cache PCI-X adapter & SSD outperforms PCIe-Based SSD( RAID-5 to RAID-5 )
SAS-bay-based 177GB SSD similar to 69GB SSD
43 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Performance: HDD vs. SSD+HDD HybridUsing 380MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS-B ay-Based
(2) 5903/5278 + (18) HDDRunning mirrored
(2) #5903/5278 adapters ) + (18) HDD+ (2) #2055 + (8) 177GB SSDRunning mirroredHot data located on SSD
Adding SSD and placing hot data on SSD, grew workload capability by nearly 3X
0.001
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SSD+HDD hybrid
Notes: • Data points measured using an artificial transaction workload which IBM believes will reasonably represent many commercial client
workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.
• Write cache was turned on for #5903/5278 adapters. #2055 has no write cache.
44 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Analyzer Package
Download from SSD Techdoc site: http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS3780
Provides:- SSD Analysis Overview- Disk Read Time- Job & Tasks by Read Time
Drilldown from here into CS & GHI perspectives
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Disk Response Time Charts
Detailed charts are based upon the increased detail QAPMDISKRB groups
Use tooltips to fly over & get specific data
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CSI – SSD Candidate Screening
�Offered at 7.1 only, helps a user determine if SSDs could help performance. It needs data from QAPMDISKRB.
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CSI – SSD Candidate Screening
�Offered at 7.1 only, helps a user determine if SSDs could help performance.
48 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
CSI – SSD Candidate Screening job details report
�This is similar to the green screen SSD Analyzer to ol:http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf /WebIndex/PRS3780
49 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Agenda
SSD introduction/overview
Implementing hot/cold
Performance insights
Roadmap for Power Systems SSD
SSD reference material
50 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Power Systems SSD Statements of DirectionProvided August 2010
IBM plans to enhance its Power Systems Enterprise Class SSD solutions with technology designed to continue to provide significant improvements in performance and storage density over time. IBM plans for these IBM Power Systems enhancements to include both SAS-bay-based and PCIe-based SSD product offerings that will leverage IBM's investments in its SSD optimized Enterprise Class RAID Storage Controllers.
All statements regarding IBM's future direction & intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represents goals & objectives only. Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchase decision. The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract. The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion.
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Power Solid State Drives (SSD) Roadmap
2009• Apr/May - Introduction SAS-bay-based• July/Oct/Nov - Misc enhancements• Nov/Dec - Huge price action – matching memory price action2010• Feb - support in Power 750, 755, 770, 780 • April - IBM i 7.1 enhancements• August - Support in new POWER7 servers & AIX 7.1
enhancements• August - Introduce additional SSD config option … PCIe-based2011 • Enhancements to both SAS-bay-based and PCIe-based SSD
�More capacity in SSD devices�More performance in SAS controllers
2012 … more enhancements
See SODs made August 2010. All statements regarding IBM's future direction & intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represents goals & objectives only.
52 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Roadmap: SSD Configuration 2011 Options
SAS-bay-based
PCIe-based
PCI SAS controller
SAS Bays
SS
D
SS
D
SS
D
SS
D
SS
D
SS
D
SS
D
PCIe SAS controller S
SD
SS
DS
SD
SS
D
Double-wide PCIe card(need pair for hot plug)
Up to 4 SSD modules
Larger capacity SSDContinue Hot plug SSDMore SSD modules / controller
New PCIe card(pair for redundancy)
Large cache, high performance
SS
D
SS
D
SS
D
See SODs made August 2010. All statements regarding IBM's future direction & intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represents goals & objectives only.
53 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Agenda
SSD introduction/overview
Implementing hot/cold
Performance insights
Roadmap for Power Systems SSD
SSD reference material
54 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
SSD Analyzer Tool for IBM i
SSD ANALYSIS TOOL (ANZSSDDTA)
Type choices, press Enter.
PERFORMANCE MEMBER . . . . . . . *DEFAULT__ Name, *DEFAULTLIBRARY . . . . . . . . . . . __________ Name
Additional Parameters
REPORT TYPE . . . . . . . . . . *SUMMARY *DETAIL, *SUMMARY, *BOTH TIME PERIOD:: START TIME AND DATE:: BEGINNING TIME . . . . . . . . *AVAIL__ Time, *AVAIL BEGINNING DATE . . . . . . . . *BEGIN__ Date, *BEGIN END TIME AND DATE:: ENDING TIME . . . . . . . . . *AVAIL__ Time, *AVAIL ENDING DATE . . . . . . . . . *END____ Date, *END
NUMBER OF RECORDS IN REPORT . . 50__ 0 - 9999
Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this display F24=More keys
Available via www.ibm.com/support/techdocs in “Presentations & Tools”. Search using keyword SSD
• Quick, easy, no-charge analysis looks at standard performance report output• Provides “probably yes”, “probably no”, or “maybe• Provides rough estimate of quantity of SSD to recommend
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Additional Marketing Materials
Brochure ….
Power System SSD Web pages�Positioning, educating, linking to other materials�www.ibm.com/systems/power/hardware/peripherals/ssd/index.html
Additional white paper information being worked on by Development –availability dates TBD
List of existing SSD white papers follow on separate slides
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SSD Brochure
Sales personnel can access brochure through SSI / PW web pages
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Power Systems SSD Web Pages
Several informative pages on SSD positioned from a Power Systems perspective
http://www.ibm.com/systems/power/hardware/peripherals/ssd/index.html
58 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Five Power Systems SSD White Papers
IBM Power SSD vs Consumer SSD (posted Nov 2009)�“Advantages of True Enterprise Solid State Drives (SSDs) in Enterprise
Systems”AIX-specific (posted Apr 2009)
�“Driving Business Value on Power Systems with Solid State Drives”IBM i-specific (posted May 2009)
�“Performance Value of Solid State Drives using IBM i”�First published May 2009
More SSD technology specific – AIX/IBM i/Linux appropriate (posted Jun 2009)�“Performance Impacts of Flash SSDs Upon IBM Power Systems”
Above papers in Power Systems web site under “Resources/Literature”�http://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/apilite?infotype=SA&i nfosubt=WH&lastdays
=1825&hitlimit=200&ctvwcode=US&pubno=POW*USEN&appna me=STGE_PO_PO_USEN_WH&additional=summary&contents=keeponlit
5th paper for an SAP environment�http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/db4?rid=/library/uui d/90a1637e-065f-2c10-
3ab7-bea9375fc88d
59 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
i Oriented References/Tool
IBM - Performance Management on IBM i Resource Libraryhttp://www.ibm.com/systems/i/advantages/perfmgmt/resource.html
Performance Value of Solid State Drives using IBM ihttp://www.ibm.com/systems/resources/ssd_ibmi.pdf
Performance Impacts of Flash SSDs Upon IBM Power Systemshttp://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=SA&subtype=WH&htmlfid=POW03028USEN&attachment=POW03028USEN.PDF&appname=STGE_PO_PO_USEN_WH
Driving Business Value on Power Systems with Solid State Driveshttp://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=SA&subtype=WH&htmlfid=POW03025USEN&attachment=POW03025USEN.PDF&appname=STGE_PO_PO_USEN_WH
IBM Systems Lab Services and Traininghttp://www.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices
IBM Power Systems(i) Benchmarking and Proof-of-Concept Centershttp://www.ibm.com/systems/i/support/benchmarkcenters
60 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Agenda
SSD introduction/overview
Implementing hot/cold
Performance insights
Roadmap for Power Systems SSD
SSD reference material
Questions?
IBM
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Performance and Scalability Services
The IBM i Performance and Scalability Services Center can provide facilities and hardware IN ROCHESTER to assist you in testing hardware or software changes
� “Traditional” benchmarks
� Release-to-release upgrades
� Assess application performance when migrating to a new release of IBM I
� Stress test your system
� Determine impact of application changes
� Proofs of Concept (e.g. HA alternatives; SSD analysis, external storage, etc.)
� Evaluate application scalability
� Capacity planning
… all with the availability of Lab Services IBM i experts and development personnel
To request any of these services, submit at:
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Our Mission and Profile
� Support the IBM Systems Agenda and accelerate the adoption of new products and solutions
� Maximize performance of our clients’ existing IBM systems
� Deliver technical training, conferences, and other services tailored to meet client needs
� Team with IBM Service Providers to optimize the deployment of IBM solutions (GTS, GBS, SWG Lab Services and our IBM Business Partners)
Our Competitive Advantage
� Leverage relationships with the IBM development labs to build deep technical skills and exploit the expertise of our developers
� Combined expertise of Lab Services and the Training for Systems team
� Skills can be deployed worldwide to assure all client needs can be met
Mainframe Systems
Power Systems
System x & Bladecenter
System Storage
IT Infrastructure Optimization
Data Center Services
Training Services
IBM Systems Lab Services and Training
Successful worldwide history: 17 years in Americas, 9 years in Europe/Middle East/Africa,
5 years in Asia Pacific
www.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices [email protected]
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This document was developed for IBM offerings in the United States as of the date of publication. IBM may not make these offerings available in other countries, and the information is subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the IBM offerings available in your area.
Information in this document concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of these products or other public sources. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.
IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. Send license inquires, in writing, to IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, New Castle Drive, Armonk, NY 10504-1785 USA.
All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or guarantees either expressed or implied.
All examples cited or described in this document are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some IBM products can be used and the results that may be achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual client configurations and conditions.
IBM Global Financing offerings are provided through IBM Credit Corporation in the United States and other IBM subsidiaries and divisions worldwide to qualified commercial and government clients. Rates are based on a client's credit rating, financing terms, offering type, equipment type and options, and may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply. Rates and offerings are subject to change, extension or withdrawal without notice.
IBM is not responsible for printing errors in this document that result in pricing or information inaccuracies.
All prices shown are IBM's United States suggested list prices and are subject to change without notice; reseller prices may vary.
IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.
Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally-available systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment.
Revised September 26, 2006
Special notices
66 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com AIX, AIX (logo), AIX 5L, AIX 6 (logo), AS/400, BladeCenter, Blue Gene, ClusterProven, DB2, ESCON, i5/OS, i5/OS (logo), IBM Business Partner (logo), IntelliStation, LoadLeveler, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Notes, Operating System/400, OS/400, PartnerLink, PartnerWorld, PowerPC, pSeries, Rational, RISC System/6000, RS/6000, THINK, Tivoli, Tivoli (logo), Tivoli Management Environment, WebSphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries, Active Memory, Balanced Warehouse, CacheFlow, Cool Blue, IBM Systems Director VMControl, pureScale, TurboCore, Chiphopper, Cloudscape, DB2 Universal Database, DS4000, DS6000, DS8000, EnergyScale, Enterprise Workload Manager, General Parallel File System, , GPFS, HACMP, HACMP/6000, HASM, IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager, iSeries, Micro-Partitioning, POWER, PowerExecutive, PowerVM, PowerVM (logo), PowerHA, Power Architecture, Power Everywhere, Power Family, POWER Hypervisor, Power Systems, Power Systems (logo), Power Systems Software, Power Systems Software (logo), POWER2, POWER3, POWER4, POWER4+, POWER5, POWER5+, POWER6, POWER6+, POWER7, System i, System p, System p5, System Storage, System z, TME 10, Workload Partitions Manager and X-Architecture are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with a trademark symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries.
A full list of U.S. trademarks owned by IBM may be found at: http://www.ibm.com /legal/copytrade.shtml.
Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries.AltiVec is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.AMD Opteron is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.InfiniBand, InfiniBand Trade Association and the InfiniBand design marks are trademarks and/or service marks of the InfiniBand Trade Association. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce.Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries.Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both.Microsoft, Windows and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both.NetBench is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis Media in the United States, other countries or both.SPECint, SPECfp, SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECjAppServer, SPEC OMP, SPECviewperf, SPECapc, SPEChpc, SPECjvm, SPECmail, SPECimap and SPECsfs are trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corp (SPEC).The Power Architecture and Power.org wordmarks and the Power and Power.org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power.org.TPC-C and TPC-H are trademarks of the Transaction Performance Processing Council (TPPC).UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States, other countries or both.
Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
Revised December 2, 2010
Special notices (cont.)
67 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.
IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html .
All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of AIX were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2006, LINPACK, and Technical Computing benchmarks were compiled using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of these compilers were used: XL C for AIX v11.1, XL C/C++ for AIX v11.1, XL FORTRAN for AIX v13.1, XL C/C++ for Linux v11.1, and XL FORTRAN for Linux v13.1.
For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.
TPC http://www.tpc.orgSPEC http://www.spec.orgLINPACK http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdfPro/E http://www.proe.comGPC http://www.spec.org/gpcVolanoMark http://www.volano.comSTREAM http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/SAP http://www.sap.com/benchmark/Oracle, Siebel, PeopleSoft http://www.oracle.com/apps_benchmark/Baan http://www.ssaglobal.comFluent http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htmTOP500 Supercomputers http://www.top500.org/Ideas International http://www.ideasinternational.com/benchmark/bench.htmlStorage Performance Council http://www.storageperformance.org/results
Revised December 2, 2010
Notes on benchmarks and values
68 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Revised December 2, 2010
Notes on HPC benchmarks and values
The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.
IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html .
All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of AIX were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2006, LINPACK, and Technical Computing benchmarks were compiled using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of these compilers were used: XL C for AIX v11.1, XL C/C++ for AIX v11.1, XL FORTRAN for AIX v13.1, XL C/C++ for Linux v11.1, and XL FORTRAN for Linux v13.1. Linpack HPC (Highly Parallel Computing) used the current versions of the IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL). For Power7 systems, IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for AIX Version 5.1 and IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for Linux Version 5.1 were used.
For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.SPEC http://www.spec.orgLINPACK http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdfPro/E http://www.proe.comGPC http://www.spec.org/gpcSTREAM http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/Fluent http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htmTOP500 Supercomputers http://www.top500.org/AMBER http://amber.scripps.edu/FLUENT http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/fl5bench/index.htmGAMESS http://www.msg.chem.iastate.edu/gamessGAUSSIAN http://www.gaussian.comANSYS http://www.ansys.com/services/hardware-support-db.htm
Click on the "Benchmarks" icon on the left hand side frame to expand. Click on "Benchmark Results in a Table" icon for benchmark results.ABAQUS http://www.simulia.com/support/v68/v68_performance.phpECLIPSE http://www.sis.slb.com/content/software/simulation/index.asp?seg=geoquest&MM5 http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/MSC.NASTRAN http://www.mscsoftware.com/support/prod%5Fsupport/nastran/performance/v04_sngl.cfmSTAR-CD www.cd-adapco.com/products/STAR-CD/performance/320/index/htmlNAMD http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namdHMMER http://hmmer.janelia.org/
http://powerdev.osuosl.org/project/hmmerAltivecGen2mod
69 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined
Revised April 2, 2007
Notes on performance estimates
rPerf for AIX
rPerf (Relative Performance) is an estimate of commercial processing performance relative to other IBM UNIX systems. It is derived from an IBM analytical model which uses characteristics from IBM internal workloads, TPC and SPEC benchmarks. The rPerf model is not intended to represent any specific public benchmark results and should not be reasonably used in that way. The model simulates some of the system operations such as CPU, cache and memory. However, the model does not simulate disk or network I/O operations.
rPerf estimates are calculated based on systems with the latest levels of AIX and other pertinent software at the time of system announcement. Actual performance will vary based on application and configuration specifics. The IBM eServer pSeries 640 is the baseline reference system and has a value of 1.0. Although rPerf may be used to approximate relative IBM UNIX commercial processing performance, actual system performance may vary and is dependent upon many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Note that the rPerf methodology used for the POWER6 systems is identical to that used for the POWER5 systems. Variations in incremental system performance may be observed in commercial workloads due to changes in the underlying system architecture.
All performance estimates are provided "AS IS" and no warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied by IBM. Buyers should consult other sources of information, including system benchmarks, and application sizing guides to evaluate the performance of a system they are considering buying. For additional information about rPerf, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller.
========================================================================
CPW for IBM i
Commercial Processing Workload (CPW) is a relative measure of performance of processors running the IBM i operating system. Performance in customer environments may vary. The value is based on maximum configurations. More performance information is available in the Performance Capabilities Reference at: www.ibm.com/systems/i/solutions/perfmgmt/resource.html
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Trademarks and Disclaimers
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The customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer.
Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products.
All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
Some information addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance, function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning.
Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here.
Prices are suggested U.S. list prices and are subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.