Chapter 9

Cognition and

Intelligence

Next Exam

• Exam Three will be Tuesday, 10/08

• Chapters 7, 8 & 9

• 50 questions (multiple choice, T/F)

• Bring scantron 882-E & #2 pencil

Cognitive Psychology

What is cognition?

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowledge, remembering, and communication

Mental processes

What is Intelligence?

In groups, answer the following questions:

What are the common characteristics of intelligent behavior? How can you tell if someone is intelligent? Why? (try to come up with 5 or 6 common characteristics)

Let’s discuss

Theories of Intelligence

Intelligence – the capacity to reason, solve problems, and acquire new knowledge

Intelligence testing• Mental age IQ= Mental age x 100 Chronological Age

• Aptitude• Achievement

Does the SAT have predictive value?• Nearly 2 million hopeful college applicants

take the test annually, and nearly 1600 undergraduate institutions use the SAT to help them in their selection process

• One critic states: Jeff Rickey, dean of admissions at Earlham College says about the SAT, “The test is too long (about 4 hours) for most young people to actually sit through…the present SAT experience is almost cruel and inhumane punishment.”

• M.I.T. (a very prestigious institution) no longer uses it.

• The best predictor of collegiate success: high school grades.

General intelligence• General intelligence (g)• g factor • http://youtu.be/LTWEh2m

cdsg

• Fluid intelligence• Crystallized intelligence• Central executive

functioning

Nature vs. nurture

Different types of intelligence

• Prodigy• Savant Syndrome• Sternberg’s triarchic

theory of intelligence Analytic

intelligence Creative

intelligence Practical

intelligence

Social intelligenceEmotional intelligence

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Can you name them?

(hint: there are 8)

Theories of Intelligence

Multiple Intelligences IQ Test

Design an 8 question IQ test that would indicate the different intelligences according to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences.

Can you see that intelligence is composed of many different abilities and may be expressed in numerous ways?

Theories of Intelligence

Neurological

measurements of

intelligence

Plasticity Perceptual speed

Problem Solving and Reasoning Concepts

• Hierarchies• Prototypes

Theories concepts and categories

Family resemblance theory

Exemplar theory

WALKING…way to improve cognitive

processes

.

STUDY: Adults ages 58 to 78 who began any type of fitness program, saw improvements in how their brains functioned

Specifics: 41 adults, 45 minute walk three times per week. Led to increased brain activity, measured by an MRI. Decision making test showed an 11% improvement while performing tasks..

Language and Verbal Cognition Multiple languages Language production

• Audience design• Spoonerism• Opportunism

Language comprehension• Lexical ambiguity• Structural ambiguity “Stolen painting found by tree”

Is Reading Automatic? A Survey

Homework

• Study for Exam Three• Over Chapters 7, 8 & 9• Bring scantron 882-E & #2 pencil

• Have a good weekend!