Spoken & prounuciation lesson 12, 13

LODESTAR INSTITUTE

Spoken & Pronunciation Course

195

Part 01 Pronunciation skills

Lesson 1.1

Rhythm and Rhythmic pattern

The rhythm is a language in created by the strong stresses or syllables in sentences Conversational English is more rapid and less precise than formal speech. English speakers often speed up and reduce unstressed words or syllables in sentences. Example English speakers link words together into phrases that are separated by

phone Improperly used pauses and stress pattern by cause our listeners to

misunderstand us.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


196

Importance Effective use of rhythm will help you the reader achieve more natural sounding speech and be better understand Base English rhythm based on not only word stress but also sentence stress Here Un indicates unstressed syllable and Str indicates stressed syllable. Rhythmic Pattern – 1 Str Un

1. Help me 2. Leave us 3. Throw it 4. Take them 5. Follow her

Rhythmic Pattern – 2 Str Un Un

1. Ask for it 2. Talk to me 3. Pay for it 4. Write to him 5. Fill it up

Rhythmic Pattern – 3 Str Un Un Str

1. Collect it for me 2. Get it for them 3. Find it for us 4. Tell it to her 5. Buy some for him

Rhythmic Pattern – 4 Str Un Str Un 1. She’s got her book 2. It’s time for tea 3. He’s gone to school 4. They fought a gain 5. We ought to live

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


197

Rhythmic Pattern – 5 Str Un str Un

1. Run for the life 2. Look at the gate 3. Stand for the truth 4. Give him a book

Rhythmic Pattern – 6 Str Un Un Str Un Str

1. We pray to Allah at dusk 2. She wants to buy a pen 3. You ought to know the way 4. I think he wants to go 5. He wants to buy a pen

Rhythmic Pattern – 7 Str Str 1. Bengali language 2. Move first 3. Very slow 4. Talk loud 5. Change soon

Rhythmic Pattern – 8 Un Un Str

1. A blue bird 2. The white cow 3. A green path 4. To try hard 5. A sharp knife

Rhythmic Pattern – 9 Str Un Un 1. I think so 2. He looks up 3. In summer 4. They come in 5. A lot of

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


198

Part 02 Spoken Skills Lesson 3.3

LESSON FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD

Saint Martins

Location: Bangladesh

Information:

St. Martin's Island is a small island in

the northeast part of the Bay of

Bengal, about 9 km south of the tip of

the Cox's Bazar- Teknaf peninsula,

and forming the southernmost part of

Bangladesh. It is the only coral island

in Bangladesh. It is about 8 km west

of the northwest coast of Myanmar at

the mouth of the Naf River. The local name of the island is "Narical Gingira", also spelled

"Narikel Janjina/Jinjera", translated from Bangla, meaning 'Coconut Island'. St. Martin's

Island has become a popular tourist spot.

• Afnan wishes to go for holidays to St. martin Islands and try under water driving .

• Tajriyaan has posted some of the exotic pictures of cox’z Bazar.

• Saanyaan has posted a BBC quiznet link for holidays.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


199

Activity1: Write on the wall of “ Far from the madding Crowd”. Have you ever

visited Saint martin Island or Cox’z Bazar beach. Write how you felt when you had

first landed there as a tourist.

Activity2: Reading: Individual task

Reading, Writing and Speaking task

Travel and Holidays

1.Read the passage on Travel and Holidays given below. Decide which answer (A, B, C or

D) best fits each space. First one is done for you as example.

Most people enjoy going (1) C.abroad for their holidays and having the opportunity to

_______in an interesting city or a seaside _____________. If you speak______________

languages, you can make new friends, and______________ home some interesting

_______________ as presents. But before you can do that, you have to

_______________your destination, and that is often a problem! If you fly, then you may

find that your flight has been _________________ _________________ by train can also

be difficult, since trains are often _________________ in the summer, and you might

have to reserve a _____________ in advance. Whichever way you __________________

you can have problems with your ________________ and it is often difficult to find good

___________________ Apart from this, you might not be able to afford the

________________

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


200

SET- A SET-B SET-C SET-D

Out remain resort strange fetch memories reach waited journeys filling post voyage baggage staying fare

forward pass post stranger stake souvenirs arrive reversed Travels occupied chair travel luggage homes fair

abroad spend too foreigner go memories go delayed Voyages overdone seat trip goods lodges far

foreign stay one foreign get recollections travel booked passes crowded position tour sacks accommodation fur

Activity3: Group Discussion Talk on a word

Your Dream vacation!

Direction: Following is a list of things you may wish to do in your dream vacation.

Mountaineering-Hiking-Trekking-Mountain biking-

Fishing -River rafting-Skiing-water scooter riding-

Sunbathing -Sea surfing-Bungee jumping-Sky diving-

Para gliding -Riding in a balloon -Scuba diving

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


201

Choose any one activity from the above list. Illustrate in your own words about the

activity you have chosen with the following inputs:

What is the activity you want to do?

Explain how this is done.

Why are you so fascinated by the particular activity?

What is an ideal site for this fun sports activity?

Where would you go to try this?

Have you tried it before?

Do you think this as dangerous?

What precaution one should take while trying the activity?

Activity.4: Grammar and Usage

Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Use each word once only. First one is

done for you as example.

after /for /off /in /out /up /down

a) The car broke down in the mountains, and we could not find a garage.

b) James had to set___________ at dawn to catch the early train.

c) Sue's bike passed me, and I had to ride fast to catch____________ with her.

d) I arrived at the airport, checked ________, and then had some coffee.

e) We were heading __________________ Paris, but we were not in a hurry to get there.

f) Jill ran out of money ______________a week, and had to go home.

Activity5: Pair work

Situation:

You are going to plan a trip to some of the exotic place listed below. But you do not know

how to get there. First, form one pair who would act out as a travel guide and a tourist

seeking information.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


202

Now Act out a dialogue in pair how you gathered all the information about making a trip

to the exotic place for your dream vacation. Include in your conversation about all the

activities and adventure sports available there for your amusement.

1) Ask Info. On:

Reservation-Cancellation Departure-Arrival Aero plane-

Runway

Waterway-sea Eight hour-journey Bus-Train

Places of interest cheaper-expensive

2) Places you may choose from following destinations:

Cox’z Bazar (Bangladesh) –

Sundarbans (Bangladesh)-

Tajmahal (India)-

Twin- Tower(Malaysia)-

Bali(Indonesia)—

Eifel Tower(Paris)-

Buckingham Palace(England)-

Statue of Liberty (New York, U.S.A)-

Venice, Italy-Tokyo,

Japan-Kuakata (Bangladesh)

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


203

Activity 6: BBC QUIZ

Take the quiz posted on the link below. Then discuss with your partner about

possible correct answers.

Source: Quiznet © BBC Learning English bbclearningenglish.com 1. The first thing to do when arranging a holiday is to decide on the _______________.

a) location b) destination

c) place d) situation

2. Don't forget to ______________ a taxi to take you to the airport.

a) book b) buy

c) rent d) reserve

3. Before you leave home make sure you have all your travel ______________ .

a) paper b) permissions

c) passports d) documents

4. I always _____________ travel insurance for peace of mind.

a) take on b) take off

c) take in d) take out

5. One thing they say about travelling is that it ______________ the mind.

a) widens b) enlarges

c) strengthens d) broadens

6. If you've travelled around many time zones you might suffer from _____________.

a) travel-sleep b) plane-tiredness

c) jet-lag d) holiday-fatigue

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


204

Part 03 Practical Session

Lesson 3.1

Speech Demonstration Skills (Cue Cards) Choose your topic and have preparation for five minutes and then deliver your

speech in front of audience. (3 minutes each)

Teacher What to say How to say (key words)

Describe a teacher who has greatly influenced you in your education.

You should say: Where you met him What subject he taught What was special about him? and explain why this person influenced you so much.

Book

What to say How to say (key words) Name some of the books of Bangladesh. Name the writers. What type of books do children like? What is the importance of books? What types of books do you like? Why?

Leisure interest What to say How to say (key words)

What is you leisure interest? What do you do? What makes you enjoy the activity? Why is the activity important to you?

Now it’s your turn !!!

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


205

Part 04 Additional study materials (Not for Class)

Lesson 4.1

1.1 Vocabulary chorus from flash card : (oral test) No. Words/Expressions Meaning Make sentences by your own 01. Breathe out wbtk¦vm †djv 02. Scold Mvwj MvjvR Kiv 03. Sneeze nuvwP †`qv 04. Foresight `~i`kx© 05. Foresight ness `~i`wk©Zv 06. Black days/ evil days `yw`b 07. Palmy days myw`b 08. Heart-pouring love ü`q wbsiv‡bv fvjevmv 09. Heart-touching story ü`q ¯úkx© Mí 10. Seductive smile g‡bvgy»Ki nvwm

Lesson 4.2

Useful Expressions Learn the following expressions and make sentences by your own.

1.2 Everyday words from vocabulary book: No. Expressions Meaning Sentences 01. Give up the matter (welqwU ev` `vI†Zv) Give up unnecessary works./(AcÖ‡qvRbxq KvR ev` `vI)

/Give up your bad habits./(Lvivc A‡f¨m ~i Ki) 02. Get down to work (†`wi bv K‡i KvR

ïiæ Kiv) Let’s get down to work. (Pj †`wi bv K‡i KvR ïiæ Kwi)

03. Have every reason to (h‡_ó KviY Av‡Q) I have every reason to tell you this. 04. Have every right to (h‡_ó AwaKvi Av‡Q) I have every right to govern (kvmb Kiv) you. 05. Have no right to/

Have no reason to (†Kvb AwaKvi †bB/ (KviY †bB BZ¨vw`)

I have no right to scold (eKv †`qv) you.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


206

Lesson 4.3

Expressions for artful speaking (Adj + enough)

Confident enough h‡_ó AvZœwek¦vmx Optimistic enough h‡_ó Avkvev`x Pessimistic enough h‡_ó ˆbivkëv`x Happy enough †ek myLx Lucky enough h‡_ó fvMëvb Bright enough h‡_ó †gavex Delighted enough LyeB Avbw›`Z Shocked enough LyeB e¨w_Z Interesting enough h‡_ó Avb›``vqK Interested enough h‡_ó AvMÖnx Boring enough h‡_ó weiw³Ki Bored enough h‡_ó wei³ Exciting enough h‡_ó D‡ËRbvKi Excited enough h‡_ó D‡ËwRZ Surprising enough h‡_ó we¯§qKi Surprised enough h‡_ó wew¯§Z Depressing enough h‡_ó nZvkv`vqK Depressed enough h‡_ó welbœ Confusing enough h‡_ó wØavKi Confused enough h‡_ó wØavwšZ

Lesson 4.3

Curb (`gb Kiv) without caring (AvMÖvn¨ K‡i) Overall Improvement (mvgwMÖK DbœwZ) Undue (AbvKvw•LZ) Optimum utilization (m‡e©v”P eënvi) Respective duty (wbR wbR `vwqZ¡) Ensure accountability (Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv) Hostage (wRw¤§) Prevailing (weivRgvb) To meet the demand (`vwe †gUv‡bv) In some cases (wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î) Well – to – do/ solvent (¯”Qj) For fear of (f‡q) For the sake of (LvwZ‡i) Bring out silent procession (†gŠYwgwQj †ei Kiv) stringent enforcement of law (AvB‡bi K‡Vvi cÖ‡qvM) Bring back transparency (¯”QZv wdwi‡q Avbv) Law and order situation (AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZ) With blessings from the ruling party (miKvwi `‡ji Avkxe©v`cyó)

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


207

Part 01 Pronunciation skills

Lesson 1.1

If there is ‘age’ at the end of any words it will sound like//BS or / GBS

No. Words/phrases Transcriptions Make sentences by your own 01. Village 02. Knowledge 03. College 04. Message 05. Passage 06. Cottage 07. Luggage 08. Baggage 09. Manage 10. Coverage 11. Marriage 12. Language 13. Average 14. Bandage 16. Disadvantage 17. Age 18. Page 19. Engage

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


208

Inflection 1. If the final sound of the verb’s infinitive is a vowel or voiced consonant except / the past tense and the past participle are formed by adding . For example:

To carry -------- Carried to hurry -------- hurried

2. If the final sound of the verb’s infinitive are a vowel or voiceless consonant , except the past tense verbs and the past participle are formed by adding /. For example:

To stop -------- stopped to talk : -------- talked

3. If the final sounds of the verb’s infinitive end in /-t/ or /-d/, the past tense verbs and the past participle are formed by adding /-id/. For example:

To paint-------- painted to want -------- wanted

4. If the final sound of the noun’s singular or the verb’s infinitive (to + PV pre. form) is a vowel or a voiced consonant (except the ending is formed by adding /-z/. For example:

City -------- cities Saw -------- saws tub -------- tubs

5. If the final sound of the noun’s singular or the verb’s infinitive is a

voiceless consonant ( except the ending is formed by adding For example:

drop------- drops pot -------- pots month -------- months

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


209

6. If the final sound of the noun’s singular or the verb’s infinitive ends in the ending is formed by adding For example:

Bus------- Buses match -------- matches to kiss --------she kisses to match -------- he matches

7. If the final sound of a comparative form is “er” and a superlative form is “est” then the last sound will be and For example:

high------- higher------- highest long------ longer------ longest

Lesson 2.1 If there is ‘ded’ at the end of any words it will sound like//wWW

No. Words/phrases Sentences 01. Preside–presided (mfvcwZZ¡ Kiv) He presided over the programme. 02. Found – founded (cÖwZôv Kiv) He founded model school in his locality. 03. Attend – attended (Dcw ’Z _vKv) I attended the seminar titled “English for better career” 04. Add – added (†hvM Kiv, e„w× Kiv) He added an educative story in my lecture. 05. Include – included (Aš—f~©³ Kiv) I included my name in an organization for social work. 06. Avoid – avoided (Gwo‡q Pjv) I avoided the spoiled boys (eLv‡U †Q‡j) in my university life. 07. Divide – divided (wef³ Kiv) Some politicians divided the nation for their own interest.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


210

Part 02 Spoken Skills

Lesson 2.1 (fluency process)

Fluency in Completing sentences Too …..to He is too old to work The problem was too difficult to me to solve So …..that He is so old that he can not work The problem was so difficult that I could not solve. So that (hv‡Z) He reads more so that he can make a good result. I went there so that I could meet him. In order that (so that Gi gZ A_© eënvi) He reads more in order that he can make a good result. I went there in order that I could meet him. If (hw`) If you come, he will go. If you came, he would go. If you had come, he would have gone. Unless (hw` bv) He won’t go unless you come. Unless you read attentively, you will fail. Lest (cv‡Q fq nq †h) Run fast lest you should miss the train. I behave with him well lest he should leave me.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


211

Till (ch©š—) Wait till the rain stops. I will till he comes. Until (ch©š—) Wait until the rain stops. I will until he comes. As long as (hZ¶b bv ch©š—) Wait here as long as it rains. I will wait here as long as he comes. Though (hwÌ) Though he is poor, he is honest. Although (hwÌ) Although he is poor, he is honest. Since (‡h‡nZz) He did not come to AEC since, he was ill. Because (Kvib) He did not come to AEC because, he was ill. As (‡h‡nZz) He did not come to AEC as, he was ill. In spite of (m‡Z¡I) In spite of his poverty, he is honest. He is honest in spite of his poverty. Despite (m‡Z¡I) Despite his poverty, he is honest. He is honest despite his poverty. In stead of (cwie‡Z©) In stead of zoology she took English.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


212

Because of (Kvi‡b) He loves you because of your honesty.

On account of (Kvi‡b) On account of his weakness, he did not come here. Due to (Kvi‡b) I did not go out at night due to darkness. Would rather …….than (eis) I would rather die than beg. Would sooner …….than (eis) I would rather die than beg. Had better (eis) You had better go now. No sooner…..than (Ki‡Z bv Ki‡Z) No sooner had he come than I went away. No sooner does he come than I will go. Scarcely.…. When (Ki‡Z bv Ki‡Z) No sooner had he come than I went away. No sooner does he come than I will go. Hardly ….. when(ch©š—) No sooner had he come than I went away. No sooner does he come than I will go. It is time (GLbB mgq) It is time to do the work. It is time we learnt English. As if (‡hb) You speak as if you were expert in English.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


213

As though (‡hb) You speak as though you were expert in English. Let alone (wPš—v Kiv hvqbv) He can not speak even Bangla, let alone English. Relative pronoun (Who, Which, What) I know the man who came yesterday. The place …..where (ch©š—) Uttara is the place AEC is. The time …. When (ch©š—) 8.30 is the time when I go to AEC So much / So many (A‡bK) He has so much money that he can buy a car. There are so many stars in the sky. In case (hw`) I want to in case he comes. I’ll carry an umbrella in case it rains. I wish (hw`) I wish I were expert in English. Would you mind Would you mind telling me your name? Would you please Would you please tell me your address?

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


214

NO. Structure Meaning 1 He is too tired to walk †m GZB `ye©j †h nvU‡Z cv‡ibv

2 He is so tired that he can not move †m GZB `ye©j †h bo‡Z cv‡ibv

3 I learn English so that I can get a good job Avwg Bs‡iRx wkwL hv‡Z fv‡jv PvKix cvB

4 If you come, I will go. hw` Zzwg Avm Zvn‡j Avwg hve

5 If you came, I would go. hw` Zzwg Avm‡Z Zvn‡j Avwg †hZvg

6 If you had come, I would have gone. hw` Zzwg Avm‡Z Zvn‡j Avwg †hZvg

7 I won’t go unless you come. hw` Zzwg bv Avm Zvn‡j Avwg hvebv

8 Study hard lest you should fail the exam. K‡Vvi cov‡kbv Ki cv‡Q hw` †dj Ki

9 I will wait until you come. Avwg A‡c¶v Kie hZ¶b bv Avm

10 I will wait till the rain stops. e„wó _vgv ch©š— Avwg A‡c¶v Kie

11 I will wait as long as you come. Avwg A‡c¶v Kie hZ¶b bv Avm

12 Though he is poor, he is honest. hwÌ †m Mwie, †m mr

13 Although he is poor, he is honest. hwÌ †m Mwie, †m mr

14 I couldn’t come to AEC since I was ill. Amy — _vKvi Kvi‡b Avwg GBwm †Z Avm‡Z cvwiwb

15 I couldn’t come to AEC because I was ill. Amy — _vKvi Kvi‡b Avwg GBwm †Z Avm‡Z cvwiwb

16 I couldn’t come to AEC as I was ill. Amy — _vKvi Kvi‡b Avwg GBwm †Z Avm‡Z cvwiwb

17 In spite of his poverty, Samim is honest. `wi ªZv m‡Z¡I kvwgg mr

18 In stead of Bangla, she took English. evsjvi e`‡j †m Bs‡iRx wb‡qwQj

19 I love you because of you honesty. ‡Zvgvi mZZvi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡K Avwg cQ›` Kwi

20 On account of my illness, I couldn’t come. Amy —Zvi Kvi‡b Avwg Avb‡Z cvwiwb

21 I couldn’t come, due to illness. Amy —Zvi Kvi‡b Avwg Avb‡Z cvwiwb

22 I would rather die than beg. Avwg gie ZeyI we¶v Kiebv

23 You had better go now. ‡Zvgvi eis GLb hvIqvB fvj

24 It is time to go. GLbB mgq hvIqvi

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


215

Part 03 Practical Session

LESSON-9 BANKER TO THE POOR

Dr. Muhammad Yunus

Affiliation: Grameen Companies

Location: Grameen Bank Bhavan,

Mirpur-1

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Phone: 880-2-9005257-69

Birthday: June 28, 1940

Displaying 1 story

Muhammad Yunus, pronounced Muhammôd Iunus; born 28 June 1940 is a Bangladeshi economist and founder of the Grameen Bank, an institution that provides microcredit (small loans to poor people possessing no collateral) to help its clients establish

creditworthiness and financial self-sufficiency. In 2006 Yunus and Grameen received the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts through microcredit to create economic and social development from below". Yunus himself has received several other national and international honors.

He is a member of advisory board at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. Previously, he was a professor of economics at Chittagong University where he developed the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. He is the author of Banker to the Poor and two books on Social Business Models, and a founding board member of Grameen America and Grameen Foundation. Grameen Intel is just one of hundreds of public and private

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


216

partnerships now mediated through Youth & Yunus. In early 2007 Yunus showed interest in launching a political party in Bangladesh named Nagorik Shakti (Citizen Power), but later discarded the plan. He is one of the founding members of Global Elders.

In March 2011, after months of government attack, the Bangladesh government controversially fired Yunus from his position at Grameen Bank, citing legal violations and an age limit on his position.[3] Bangladesh's High Court affirmed the removal on 8 March. Yunus and Grameen Bank are appealing the decision, claiming Yunus' removal was politically motivated.

Activity 1:

Write on Dr. Muhammad Yunus’s world on ‘what you know about microcredit’.

Activity 2: BBC QUIZ

Take the quiz posted on the link below. Then discuss with your partner about

possible correct answers.

1. The __________ for the dollar is very good just now. We should change dollars into

euros today.

a) interest rate b) credit rating

c) money rate d) exchange rate

2. My salary always runs out before the end of the month. Everything's so expensive just

now.

I don't know how I'd manage without __________.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


217

a) getting my pocket money from the bank b) lending money to my bank

c) having an overdraft d) sticking to my budget

3. We've found our ideal house but we're not rich enough to be able to buy it straight

away.

We'll need to go to the bank to see if they'll give us _________.

a) interest b) a deposit

c) some capital d) a mortgage

4. We'll need to invest more ___________ if we want to expand our business. You know

what they say, you have to spend money to make money.

a) return b) capital

c) interest rate d) wages

5. We got a loan from the bank to buy a new car. We have to ___________ it over the

next two years.

a) repay b) pay

c) return d) give

Activity3: Individual work

Now in the Dialogue below you would come across several terms that are related to

banking. Can you identify at least 05 banking terminologies from the conversation

and list them below and explain what you understand by these terms:

Activity 4: Pair work Now Exchange your ideas with your partner about these banking terminologies and

find out what is the most credible meaning.

Activity 5: Individual work

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


218

ODD ONE OUT: Circle the word in each group that does not belong or sounds odd

to the other. Explain why.

1. Teller, manager, statement, security guard__________________________________________ 2. Safety deposit box, ATM, cash machine, bank machine ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Security number, PIN, telephone number, personal identification number ____________________________________________________________________ 4. Deposit, teller, withdrawal, transfer ____________________________________________________________________ 5. sign, deposit, endorse, write your name ____________________________________________________________________ 6. Overdraft, negative balance, extra money, not enough money ____________________________________________________________________ 7. Payroll check, personal check, money from employer, paycheck ____________________________________________________________________ 8. Cash, bills, check, coins ____________________________________________________________________ 9. Take out, deposit, withdraw, remove ____________________________________________________________________ 10. Traveler’s check, teller, money order, cash Activity 6: Group Discussion

Conversation question

Expressing Giving Opinion/disagreeing

Topic1: Grameen Bank is the model of micro credit success that helped to reduce poverty

in Bangladesh.

Topic2:The success of Grameen Bank is profit oriented. Not people oriented.

Topic3:Dr.Muhammad Yunus has been awarded Nobel Prize for peace whereas he should

have been awarded for Economics.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


219

Lesson 3.1

Tourist spot What to say How to say

a. To which spot did you last visit? b. Why did you go there? c. With whom did you go? d. How did you enjoy? e. What do you do when you go to new place? f. With whom do you enjoy to visit?

Apartments

What to say How to say a. Where do you think apartments should be built? b. What should be the internal facilities? c. What should be the external facilities? d. With whom would you want to stay there? e. What is opinion about apartments of Dhaka city.

Roundtable Discussion

Parliamentary Debate This house believes that “Student politics should be banned”

Should be banned Should not be banned rather

should be reformed

Present situation

Clash

Session gird lock

Involve with …

Great history 1952,66,71,90

A model should be taken

For the student’s sake

For creating next leadership

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


220

Now it’s your turn !!! Part 04 Additional study materials (Not for Class)

Lesson 4.1

1.1 Vocabulary chorus from flash card : (oral test) No. Words/Expressions Pronunciation Meaning Translate into English (oral) 01. Stingy (adj.) w÷b&wR wKc‡U KÄym †m Lye wKc‡U| 02. Obstinate (adj.) Ae&mwUbvU& †R`x, GK¸‡q †m wKQzUv GKM‡q| 03. Absent minded Ave‡mbU& gvBbwWW gbfyjv, Avbgbv Avwg nVvr Avbgbv n‡q c‡owQjvg 04. Bankrupt e¨vO&µvc&U †`Dwjqv †Kv¤úvwbwU †`Dwjqv n‡q †M‡Q| 05. Pay proper tribute (v.) - h_vchy³ kª×v

cÖ k©b Kiv Avgv‡ì knx`‡ì cÖwZ h‡_vchy³ kª×v cÖ ©kb Kiv DwPr|

Lesson 4.2

1.2 Vocabulary chorus from flash card : (oral test) No. Words/Expressions Meaning Translate into English (oral) 01. As I was saying (hv ejwQjvg) 02. I know that (Avwg Rvwb †h) 03. I think that (Avwg g‡b Kwi †h) 04. I would like to say that (Avwg ej‡Z PvB †h) 05. It is right that (GUv mwVK †h) 06. It is wrong that (GUv fyj †h) 07. I am supremely confident that (Avwg m¤ú~Y© wbwðZ †h) 08. It is a matter of great happiness that (GUv AZ¨š— my‡Li welq †h) 09. It is expected that (Avkv Kiv n‡”Q †h) 10. It is a thousand pities that (GUv AZ¨š— cwiZv‡ci welq †h) 11. There is no shadow of doubt that (G‡Z m‡›`‡ni we› ygvÎ AeKvk †bB †h)

Lesson 4.6 Submit memoranda (¯§viKwjwc †ck Kiv) Being informed (Lei †c‡q) Unidentified (AÁvZ) Autopsy (gqbvZ`š—) Blood stained (i³v³) under open sky (†Lvjv AvKv‡ki wb‡P) Roam at (Ny‡i †eov‡bv) In wounded state (AvnZ Ae ’vq) Unruly behavior (DMÖ AvPiY) Apprise (AeMZ Kiv‡bv) Financial irregularities (Avw_©K AmsMwZ) Embezzlement (AvZ¥mvr) Difficulties (Amyweav/ mgm¨v) Indulge (Rwo‡q cov) Bribe (Nyl) Unscrupulous (Amvay) Misappropriate/ Grab/ Embezzle (AvZ¥mvr Kiv) Abuse of power (¶gZvi Aceënvi) It is learnt that (Rvbv †M‡Q †h) No details were available (we —vwiZ wKQzB Rvbv hvqwb)