Supporting communities to increase bean productivity through enhanced accessibility to seed of preferred bean varieties and other technologies in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania

Supporting communities to increase bean

productivity through enhanced accessibility

to seed of preferred bean varieties and

other technologies in Malawi, Mozambique

and Tanzania

R.M. Chirwa, J.C. Rubyogo, C. S. Madata, E.D.

Mazuma, M. Amane and R. Magreta

SAf-CoP5 Annual Meeting Held at Ruvuma Hotel, October 3-7, 2011

Maputo, Mozambique

Importance of Beans

Major Challenges to Production

The project interventions

Goal

Specific objectives

2010-11 Progress

Presentation Outline

Importance of Bean

Good source of plant protein/minerals/vitamins

Leaves are valuable

vegetables

Reduces hunger periods/cash strap period – due to its early maturing – takes 3 months

Sold for cash – leaves and grain

Good for rotation and intercrop with cereals

Limiting Factors to Bean Production

Limited varieties for specific agro-ecologies and market niches,

Limited availability of seed of improved bean varieties (at all grades: Breeder’s seed, Basic & Certified Seed),

Inefficiency in existing seed production and supply systems,

Limited knowledge about the existence or availability of non-variety bean technologies (IPDM & ISFM),

Poor linkages between producers and consumers/markets and service providers.

Project Goal

Support communities to increase bean productivity through

enhanced accessibility to seed of preferred bean varieties

and other technologies.

Project Objectives

• To speed the testing of any new promising varieties so that superior ones can

be recommended for release,

• To mainstream the use of appropriate seed production and dissemination

channels for wider uptake and utilization of released varieties,

• To widely test and fast track use of best non-variety bean-based technologies

to increase production, reduce post-harvest loss and enhance

utilization/market of beans to increase farmers’ well being at farm level and

along the supply chains,

• To develop bean commodity functional platforms,

• Enhance skills and knowledge of partners.

Project Sites

Southern Highlands of Tanzania:

Mbeya, Iringa, Rukwa and

Ruvuma Regions

• Malawi:

Northern, central and southern

regions

• Mozambique:

Tete, Zambezia, Nampula and

Niassa provinces

Project strategy: Partnership

Partners included:

• Research Institutions,

• Government Extension

Agents,

• NGOs,

• CBOs,

• Private sector,

• Farmer organizations,

• Church organizations,

• Bean traders,

• Individual farmers,

• Seed growers.

Roles of Each Partner Category Actors Roles

Research NARS (DARS, ARI

Uyole and IIAM) and

CIAT/SABRN

Germplasm development, breeder seed production,

soil science, nutrition, plant pathology, entomology,

socio-economics, M&E, marketing, and research-

extension liaison.

Provision of information on new varieties

Support other partners’ skills and knowledge

enhancement

Seed

Regulators

National seed

authorities

Seed quality control and certification

Extension Public and NGOs/FOs Community mobilization and farmer empowerment

in bean production, nutrition and marketing

Support decentralized testing of varieties and

facilitate feed back to research

Support the decentralized seed production and

diffusion

Skills in agri-business management

Mobilize farmers to produce and supply toward

specific bean market e.g. export market

Roles of Each Partner

Category Actors Roles

Seed producers

and traders

Seed Companies

Decentralised seed

enterpreneurs

Traders

Farmers groups

Variety testing, seed production and marketing

Nutrition

groups

MoH, Universities

NGOs

Nutrition extension and food basket development

Grain

marketers

Traders, exporters

Supermarket

Grain market opportunities and contracting small

farmers for grain market

Testing variety marketability

PROGRESS REPORT 2010-11

Output 1: New acceptable client oriented bean varieties

identified across the different agro-ecologies and users

systems

Research questions:

What is the trade-off in accepting the drought tolerant or disease

resistant small seeded bean varieties by different actors in the supply

chain considering the clients’: gender, wealth and agro-ecological

characteristics?

Hypothesis:

Non-traditional types of varieties are equally acceptable by the actors

in the supply chain if they have attributes like drought or disease

resistance

Characterization of PVS Sites-

PVS sites characterized in terms of:

Agro-ecology

Rainfall

Altitude

Pests and diseases

User systems

Land holding

Cropping systems

Level of technology

PVS sites and characterizations

Country

Major

agro-

ecologies

Sites (No)

Number of

genotypes

per sites

(range)

Participating farmers

Female Male

Malawi x 20

Mozambique 3 29 20

Tanzania 20 6-10


identified across the different agro-ecologies and users

systems

Country

Users systems

(market, agro-

ecology and stress)

Clients Varieties

preferred

Characteristics

Trade-offs

Negative

traits Positive traits

Mozambique

Tanzania,

Malawi

High stress

environment (high

rainfall/acid soils

and root rot

diseases or lower

rain

Women and

schools Carioca

Small

seeded

High yielding

Highly palatability

Drought tolerant

Multi disease and pest

(nematodes)

Stable yield

House hold food security

Mozambique Niche market Urban Black (A222)

Small seed

Black

High yielding

Pest and diseases

Drought tolerant

High micro-dense

Tanzania High and medium

altitude- poor soil

Women and

men –school Roba -1

High yield

Fast cooking

Highly palatable leaves

Highly micro-dense


identified across the different agro-ecologies and users systems

Country

Users systems

(market, agro-

ecology and

stress)

Clients Varieties

preferred

Characteristics

Trade-offs

Negative

traits Positive traits

Tanzania Wider adaptation

range Women and men

NRI cross 05

E27

Unusual

color ‘

pink’

Multiple disease resistance

High yielding

Highly palatability

Stable yield

House hold food security

Mozambique

Tanzania Niche market Urban Black (A222)

Small seed

Black

High yielding

Pest and diseases

Drought tolerant

High micro-dense

Tanzania High and medium

altitude- poor soil

Women and men –

school Roba -1

High yield

Fast cooking

Highly palatable leaves

Highly micro-dense

Output 2: Appropriate (cost effective, healthy seed, socially acceptable)

seed production and dissemination models/channels selected and

mainstreamed for wider uptake of client-oriented released bean varieties

Research questions:

What is the quality of each seed grade (breeder, foundation, certified and

non-certified)?

Hypothesis:

Quality of certified and non-certified seeds are the same

Research questions

How efficient is each of the models of seed production and supply

channels operates?

Hypothesis:

The efficiency of seed production and supply channels are the same.

Establishment of varied seed systems 2010-2011

Country seed grade

Number of seed

producers Amount (ton)

Variety

composition

Malawi Breeder 0.620

8

Basic

Commercial 740 3

Farmers seeds

Mozambique Breeder

Basic

Commercial

Farmers’ seeds

Tanzania Breeder 6.3 11

Basic 90.0 6

Farmers’ seeds (released varieties) 397.7

Farmers seed from PVS Varieties and

start up seeds 2.5

Information and demand creation targeting

farmers and other value chain actors

Country Information tools

Target Information access

Malawi

Mozambique

Malawi

Parameters to evaluate

Output 3.1: Appropriate ISFM or IPDM bean production or

protection management options identified and fast tracked

for increased bean seed and food production.

Research question:

What ICM bean based technologies can effectively improve bean seed

or grain productivity or storability, and at what costs?

Hypothesis:

Use of a combination of improved varieties and ICM is more

productive that varieties alone.



for increased bean seed and food production

Pre –

harvest/field Constraints Options

Number of

seed producers

ISFM Low soil fertility/acid

soils

Suitable crop varieties + healthy seed

Farm Yard Manure (> 5 tons/ha) with spot

application

30 N-20 P/ha

100 kg of DAP

100 kg TSP+ 80 kg of CAN

Minjingu R.phosphate

IPDM – BSM (Bean seed Maggot)

Chemical control and timely application (4-5

days after emergency)

Seed dressing -endosulfan

Pod borers

Chemical and scouting

Aphids (BCMV) Timely planting

Pos harvest

Insects Bruchids

Integrated pest control (Cleaness/sanitation

Chemical-seed dressing)

Next steps

Test the best bet ICM technologies with seed

producers in 2011-12

Output 3.1: Appropriate ISFM or IPDM bean production

or protection management options identified and fast

tracked for increased bean seed and food production

Key Findings Expected Results



for increased bean seed and food production

Output 3.2: Appropriate bean-based food baskets

identified for improved nutrition

Research questions:

Will improved food security through increased bean for food and

income result into improved nutrition security?

Hypothesis:

Increased food security through beans result into improved nutrition

security

Stimulating demands Information on micronutrient rich bean varieties

Output 3.2: Appropriate bean-based food baskets

identified for improved nutrition

Released varieties with

micro-nutrient rich are

available

Demand creation

established

Seed multiplication by

communities with

partners in place

Expected Results

• vulnerable groups are

nutrition secure with

increased bean

components in their food

baskets

Seed multiplication for micro-nutrient rich

varieties

Amount of seeds

produced per varieties

in Tanzania (Roba 1

(pre-released): 0.9

tons sold to partners)

and Malawi (NUAs

varieties released in

2009-1 ton),

Mozambique ( under

multiplication) –

Photos for released

varieties

Output 4: Vibrant/functional bean value chain platforms

established in each country, bringing together various actors to

support bean commodity development.

Research questions:

What are the key factors which motivate the actors to

come together to develop a vibrant bean supply

chain?

Hypothesis

There are no known key factors that motivate bean

actors to come together and develop a functional

supply chain

Key Findings

Interest in bean for both

market and food

security

Specific niche export

market

Nutrition e.g. micro-

nutrient rich varieties

Expected Results

Deep understanding of

factors contribution to

vibrant bean platform


established in each country, bringing together various actors

to support bean commodity development.



to support bean commodity development- established platform

Country Value chain Specifications Platform members Operation areas

Malawi Sugar beans Export market

Farmers’ World

Farmers

organizations/producers

DARS

NGOs

Traders

Extensions

Demeter Seed

Countrywide

Mozambique Sugar beans

and cream Export to SA

SA trading Hub

Farmers organizations

World Vision

Public extension

Traders

MSU project

IIAM

Zambezia and Tete



to support bean commodity development- established platform

Country Value

chain

Specifications Platform members Operation

areas

Mozambique Black

beans

Maputo

market

IIAM

Traders and supermarket

Farmers organizations

Public extension and NGOs

Zambezia

Tanzania Beans Production for

households

food security

and sales

ARI Uyole

Tumaini University

INCOMET (NGO

extension)

SACOs

District Extension

Farmers organizations and

farmers (seed and grain

production)

Traders

Iringa region

Output 5.1: Skills and knowledge (PVS, seed systems and

bean management options) of NARS scientists and partner

organizations including farmers enhanced

Key Findings:

• Training of trainers speeds up the knowledge

dissemination and sustainaibility

Output 5.1: Skills and knowledge (PVS, seed systems and bean

management options) of NARS scientists and partner organizations

including farmers enhanced

Country

Training areas Target groups

Participants

Female Male

Malawi Seed production

/quality control

Seed producers,

extension staff ? ?

Mozambique PVS Extension staff

(ToTs) 3

19

Mozambique PVS Farmers 2 14

Tanzania

Entrepreneurship

linked to seed and

grain business

Farmer seed

and grain

producers

618 419

Output 5.2: Project experiences in PVS, crop

management, nutrition and seed systems documented for

wider use and replication.

Project Inception Meeting

Institution Total

IIAM 3

UYOLE 2

MCKNIGHT

FOUNDATION 2

DARS 4

CIAT 5

Participants at the inception meeting

Acknowledgement

The McKnight Foundation CCRP for funding.

Governments of Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania for support and hosting the project

PABRA-CIAT for technical support

Partner organizations in 3 Countries: NGOs, CBOs, Traders (Private Sector) and Farmer Associations etc for collaboration

Thank You, For

Listening

Technology

Supporting communities to increase bean productivity through enhanced accessibility to seed of preferred bean varieties and other technologies in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania