Teacher Student Interaction-TA ApproachTeacher Student Interaction-TA Approach

Eric Berne

By Bhaskar j naidu Lecturer in Mining

Transactional analysis is a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy

for personal growth and personal change.

Among psychological approaches,it is outstanding in the depth of its theory and the

wide variety of its applications.

Key Ideas in Transactional Analysis1. Ego State Model (PAC Model): An ego state is a set of related behaviors, thoughts, and feelings, a way in which we manifest a part of our personality at a given time. Transactional analysis portrays three ego states: Adult (behaving, thinking, feeling in response to what is

going on around me in the here and now), Parent (behaving, thinking, feeling in ways that are a copy of one of my parents or other parent figures), and Child (behaving, thinking, feeling that I used when I was a

child). When we use the ego-state model to understand personality, we are employing structural analysis.

2. Transactions, Strokes, Time Structuring: One can address you from any of ego states, and you can reply in turn. This exchange is a transaction. The use of the ego-state model to analyze sequences of transactions is transactional analysis proper. When you and I transact, I signal recognition of you and you return that recognition; any act of recognition is a stroke. People need strokes to maintain their psychical and psychological well-being. When people transact in groups or pairs, they use time in various specific ways which can be listed and analyzed; this is the analysis of time structuring

Communication-What Communication-What constitutes it?constitutes it?

Spoken wordsGestures PosturesAttitudesPerceptionsInterpretations

From Attitudes to TransactionFrom Attitudes to Transaction

“Can you have a look at this document?”

Can you guess whether this person has a positive

or negative feeling towards the one with whom he is

conversing?

Guess what’s happening hereGuess what’s happening here

‘‘What’ Depends on ‘How’What’ Depends on ‘How’…. & ‘How’ goes beyond the spoken words…. & ‘How’ goes beyond the spoken words

Transaction

Interaction

Reaction

Perception

Communication

Attitudes

Attitudes are communicatedAttitudes are communicated

TA- The Basic ConceptsTA- The Basic Concepts

Parent

Adult

Child

WE ALL HAVE 3 EGO STATES INSIDE OF US WHETHER WE ARE BIG OR SMALL

PEOPLE HAVE CHARACTERISTIC WAYS OF TALKING AND LISTENING, OR NOT !

WHAT WE SEE ON THE OUTSIDE MAY BE DIFFERENT THAN THE INSIDE

Parent ("exteropsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel, and think in

response to an unconscious mimicking of how their parents (or other parental figures) acted, or how they interpreted their parent's actions. For example, a person may shout at someone out of frustration because they learned from an influential figure in childhood the lesson that this seemed to be a way of relating that worked.

Adult ("neopsyche"): a state of the ego which is most like a computer processing information and making predictions absent of major emotions that cloud its operation. Learning to strengthen the Adult is a goal of TA. While a person is in the Adult ego state, he/she is directed towards an objective appraisal of reality.

Child ("archaeopsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel and think similarly to how they did in childhood. For example, a person who receives a poor evaluation at work may respond by looking at the floor, and crying or pouting, as they used to when scolded as a child. Conversely, a person who receives a good evaluation may respond with a broad smile and a joyful gesture of thanks. The Child is the source of emotions, creation, recreation, spontaneity and intimcacy.

Two Phases of ‘Parent’Two Phases of ‘Parent’

Affection Love Care Concern Protection

Nurturant Parent

Critical Authoritative Moralizing Advising Judgmental Disciplinarian

Critical Parent

NP CP

Two Phases of ‘Child’Two Phases of ‘Child’

Spontaneous Fun-loving Curious Explorative Mischievous Playful

Natural/Free Child

Polite Obedient Conforming Complying

Adapted Child

NC AC

AdultAdult

RationalObjectiveLogicalFactual

Reality-OrientedUnbiased

EGO STSAES

TYPICAL WORDS/

PHRASES

TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR

TYPICAL ATTITUDES

Critical Parent

DisgracefulOughtAlways

Furrowed

brow Pointed finger

CondescendingJudgmental

Nurturing Parent

‘Well done Young man’

Benevolent

smile Pat on the

back

CaringPermissive

Windows to Ego StatesWindows to Ego States

Windows to Ego Windows to Ego States(cont…)States(cont…)

EGO STSAES TYPICAL WORDS/

PHRASES

TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR

TYPICAL ATTITUDES

Adult How? When? Where? What?

RelaxedAttentive

Open mindedInterested

Adapted Child Please can I?I’ll try hard

Vigorous head noddingDowncast eyes

CompliantDefiantComplaining

Free Child I wantI feel greatI need

Laughing UninhibitedNoisy cry

CuriousFun lovingSpontaneous

Internal DialogueInternal Dialogue

I Shouldn’t have……..What I did was bad!

P

…hereafter I shall be careful

C

TransactionsTransactions

ComplementaryComplementary

Sir, when do I submit the project proposal? On 28th September

P

A

C

P

A

C

ComplementaryComplementary

How was my presentation , sir? I think it was good

P

A

C

P

A

C

Cross TransactionCross TransactionCross Transaction

Sir, when do I submit the project proposal? Why don’t you refer to the

letter?

P

A

C

P

A

C

Cross TransactionCross Transaction

Sir, I am unable to solve the problem That is your regular dialogue

P

A

C

P

A

C

Duplex TransactionWhy don’t you see Shyam’s project I discussed with the Dean …..

Before preparing yours?

Any way you are not I have higher contacts.Be ware!

capable of writing.

P

A

C

P

A

C

Are we passive & Doomed?Are we passive & Doomed?

Attitudes get transmittedPerceptions are detectedCommunications are interpretedTransactions happenRelationships are establishedRelationships decide further

communications

How to Better the transactions How to Better the transactions through communication?through communication?

Use STROKES

Positive Negative

Verbal Non-verbal Verbal Non-verbal

Transactions and Strokes•Transactions are the flow of communication, and more specifically the unspoken psychological flow of communication that runs in parallel. •Transactions occur simultaneously at both explicit and psychological levels. Example: sweet caring voice with sarcastic intent. To read the real communication requires both surface and non-verbal reading. •Strokes are the recognition, attention or responsiveness that one person gives another. Strokes can be positive or negative A key idea is that people hunger for recognition, and that lacking positive strokes, will seek whatever kind they can, even if it is recognition of a negative kind. We test out as children what strategies and behaviors seem to get us strokes, of whatever kind we can get

Life PositionLife Position

I am not OK

You are OK

(Get Away from)

I am OK

You are OK

(Get on with)

I am not OK

You are not OK

(Get nowhere)

I am Ok

You are not OK

(Get rid of)

The Golden RulesThe Golden Rules

Analyse the units of transactionsUse positive strokesBe crisp in negative strokesDesign Communication to have

complementary transactionOperate from I am ok You are Ok position

To have a good day….

Exchange more Golden stamps

Thank you