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Simulation Analysis of

the Energy Saving of

Vacuum Insulated Glass

Comparisons of

single glazing vs. low-e insulating glazing vs. low-e vacuum insulated glass

in terms of energy consumptions of HVAC

of an office building in Shanghai

Apr. 2015

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Foreword

• This analysis develops a model with an energy simulation tool for a typical floor of an office building in Shanghai. It simulates and compares the energy consumptions of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) of an office floor installed with different types of glazing, single glazing, Low-E insulating glazing and Low-E vacuum insulated glass.

• Dr. Kuei-Peng Lee, Department of Energy and Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, National Taipei University of Technology, was appointed to conduct this analysis. Dr. Lee is an acknowledged expert on building energy efficiency and participated in many major LEED certification projects in Taiwan.

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The office floor

• The simulation model of this analysis is a typical floor of an office building in Shanghai climatic zone. The dimension of the floor, shape, operating schedules, equipment intensities, window to wall ratio, U value of the wall, are listed below.

Interior Area Perimeter Area

Window to Wall ratio

Total Window Area

Occupant Density

Lighting Power

Density

Appliance Power

Density

U value of wall

Dimension of office floor

Length

Width

Height

Climatic Area

Shanghai

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Schedules of the office floor

Occupancy Schedules Lighting Schedules

Appliance Schedules Air Conditioning Schedules

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HVAC of the Office Building

• The air conditioning system of this office building is chilled-water central air conditioning system. There are two scenarios for heating system, natural gas boiler system and electric heatingsystem.

• The climate data of Shanghai is excerpted from U.S. DOE website and the original data is from National Meteorological Center of China. Below is the summary of the climatic data.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Daily avg. total Solar

Radiation(Wh/m^2) 2025 3064 2873 4040 4709 4347 4372 3802 4247 3366 2493 2457

Highest dry-bulb temp(℃) 17.6 21.1 29.3 31.1 30.0 36.8 35.2 33.3 31.9 29.4 21.9 16.1

Lowest dry-bulb temp(℃) -4.2 -1.4 1.5 7.4 12.5 17.2 20.8 21.0 17.8 8.1 4.5 -4.5

Daily Average dry-bulb temp(℃) 4.5 6.3 9.9 15.3 20.6 24.3 27.5 27.0 24.4 18.9 13.6 7.4

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Energy Simulation Software

• eQUEST, a dynamic energy consumption simulation software, is used in this analysis. The software is based on DOE-2, a widely recognized building energy analysis program that predicts the energy consumption for all types of buildings.

• DOE-2 uses a description of the building layout, construction, operating schedule, conditioning system and utility rates along with climate data to perform an hourly simulation of the building.

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Simulated Plans - Glazing

PlanPlanPlanPlan GlazingGlazingGlazingGlazing Product Product Product Product VisibleVisibleVisibleVisible SolarSolarSolarSolar HeatHeatHeatHeat U U U U ValueValueValueValue

SHCESHCESHCESHCE

TransTransTransTrans %%%%ReflectReflectReflectReflect

OutdoorOutdoorOutdoorOutdoor %%%%ReflectReflectReflectReflect %%%% AbsorbAbsorbAbsorbAbsorb %%%%

DirectDirectDirectDirect TransTransTransTrans%%%%

FreezerFreezerFreezerFreezerW/M2KW/M2KW/M2KW/M2K

CoolerCoolerCoolerCoolerW/M2KW/M2KW/M2KW/M2K

1Single Clear Glass (Clear Glass)CL-8mm

88 8 7 14 79 5.75 5.19 0.96

2Low-E Insulating Glass (IG)8mm Low-E+12A+6mm

65 14 17 44 39 1.78 1.77 0.57

3Double silver Low-E VIG (VIG)8mm+0.2V+8mm

67 11 23 45 32 0.60 0.61 0.46

Remarks：Plan 1 : Taiwan Glass Ind. Corp’s “Clear Glass”

Plan 2: Taiwan Glass Ind. Corp’s “Low-E Insulating Glass”

Plan 3: TG TECO V-Glass Corp‘s “Vacuum Insulated Glass”

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Cooling load of Air Conditioning

CodeCodeCodeCodePlanPlanPlanPlan 1111

Clear GlassClear GlassClear GlassClear GlassPlanPlanPlanPlan 2222

IGIGIGIGPlanPlanPlanPlan 3333VIGVIGVIGVIG

Lighting sensible heat LT_S 29.171 29.171 29.171

Window sensible heat WIN_SOLAR 37.094 22.024 17.774

Ext. wall sensible heat EXT_W_S 6.011 6.011 6.011

Occupant sensible heat OCC_S 23.781 23.781 23.781

Occupant latent heat OCC_L 21.097 21.097 21.097

Equipment sensible heat EQ_S 16.291 16.291 16.291

Window Conduction WIN_COND 4.569 1.46 0.496

Infiltration latent heat INF_L 3.301 3.301 3.301

Infiltration sensible heat INF_S 1.025 1.025 1.025

TotalTotalTotalTotal 142.34142.34142.34142.34 124.16124.16124.16124.16 118.947118.947118.947118.947

Heat gain of air conditioning cooling load of the office floor (kW)

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Energy Consumption (with Electric Heating)

Month Air Con Heating Others Sum Air Con Heating Others Sum Air Con Heating Others Sum

1 10742 22552 12274 45568 9004 14536 12274 35814 8530 11135 12274 31939

2 9793 16032 10959 36784 8232 10114 10959 29305 7805 7623 10959 26387

3 14008 21508 14258 49774 11839 13642 14258 39739 11245 10835 14258 36338

4 15150 14701 14150 44001 12939 9305 14150 36394 12333 7561 14150 34044

5 14016 0 13267 27283 12261 0 13267 25528 11789 0 13267 25056

6 17541 0 14150 31691 15452 0 14150 29602 14868 0 14150 29018

7 20167 0 14754 34921 17898 0 14754 32652 17235 0 14754 31989

8 18146 0 13762 31908 16049 0 13762 29811 15438 0 13762 29200

9 16414 0 13654 30068 14454 0 13654 28108 13917 0 13654 27571

10 15007 0 14258 29265 13088 0 14258 27346 12574 0 14258 26832

11 13647 15779 13654 43080 11569 9723 13654 34946 10998 7873 13654 32525

12 14111 22917 14754 51782 11863 14565 14754 41182 11247 11448 14754 37449

Total 178742178742178742178742 113489113489113489113489 163894163894163894163894 456125456125456125456125 154648154648154648154648 71885718857188571885 163894163894163894163894 390427390427390427390427 147979147979147979147979 56475564755647556475 163894163894163894163894 368348368348368348368348

Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh) Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh) Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)

Monthly Electricity Consumption of Electric Heating (kWh)

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Comparisons of Energy Saving (with Electric Heating)

14.40% 13.48%

36.66%

19.24% 17.21%

50.24%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Total Air Con. Electric

Heating

Total Air Con. Electric

Heating

Plan 2 IG Plan 3 VIG

Energy Saving Rate – Plan 2 IG & Plan 3 VIG

vs. Plan 1 Clear Glass

5.66%4.31%

21.44%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Total Air Con. Electric Heating

Plan 3 VIG

Energy Saving Rate – Plan 3 VIG vs. Plan 2 IG

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Energy Consumption(with Boiler Heating)

Month Air Con Others Sum Air Con Others Sum Air Con Others Sum

1 10742 12274 23016 9004 12274 21278 8530 12274 20804

2 9793 10959 20752 8232 10959 19191 7805 10959 18764

3 14008 14258 28266 11839 14258 26097 11245 14258 25503

4 15150 14150 29300 12939 14150 27089 12333 14150 26483

5 14016 13267 27283 12261 13267 25528 11789 13267 25056

6 17541 14150 31691 15452 14150 29602 14868 14150 29018

7 20167 14754 34921 17898 14754 32652 17235 14754 31989

8 18146 13762 31908 16049 13762 29811 15438 13762 29200

9 16414 13654 30068 14454 13654 28108 13917 13654 27571

10 15007 14258 29265 13088 14258 27346 12574 14258 26832

11 13647 13654 27301 11569 13654 25223 10998 13654 24652

12 14111 14754 28865 11863 14754 26617 11247 14754 26001

Total 178742178742178742178742 163894163894163894163894 342636342636342636342636 154648154648154648154648 163894163894163894163894 318542318542318542318542 151719151719151719151719 163894163894163894163894 311873311873311873311873

Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh) Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh) Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)

Monthly Electricity Consumption of Electric Heating (kWh)

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Natural Gas Consumption (with Boiler Heating)

Month Plan 1 Plan 1 Plan 1 Plan 1

Clear GlassClear GlassClear GlassClear Glass

Plan 2Plan 2Plan 2Plan 2

IGIGIGIG

Plan 3Plan 3Plan 3Plan 3

VIGVIGVIGVIG

1 103.5 67.3 51.9

2 74.1 47.3 35.9

3 99.5 63.8 51.1

4 69 44.3 36.4

5 - - -

6 - - -

7 - - -

8 - - -

9 - - -

10 - - -

11 73.8 46 37.6

12 106 68.1 53.9

Total 525.9 336.8 266.8

Natural Gas Consumption of Boiler Heating System (MBtu)

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Comparisons of Energy Saving (with Boiler Heating)

7.03%

13.48%

35.96%

8.98%

17.21%

49.27%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Total Air Con. Boiler

Heating

Total Air Con. Boiler

Heating

Plan 2 IG Plan 3 VIG

Energy Saving Rate – Plan 2 IG & Plan 3 VIG

vs. Plan 1 Clear Glass

2.09%

4.31%

20.78%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Total Air Con. Boiler Heating

Plan 3 VIG

Energy Saving Rate – Plan 3 VIG vs. Plan 2 IG

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Conclusions (1/2)

• Power Consumption Comparisons with Electric Heating• The energy saving of Plan 3 VIG is the best• Compared with Plan 1 Clear Glass, Plan 3’s energy saving rates of

electric heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are 50.2%, 17.2%, and 19.2% respectively.

• Compared with Plan 2 IG, Plan 3’s power saving rates of electric heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are 21.4%, 4.3%, and 5.7% respectively.

• Power Consumption Comparisons with Boiler Heating• The energy saving of Plan 3 VIG is the best• Compared with Plan 1 Clear Glass, Plan 3’s power saving rates of

boiler heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are 49.3%, 17.2%, and 9% respectively.

• Compared with Plan 2 IG, Plan 3’s power saving rates of boiler heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are 20.8% and 4.3%, and 2.09% respectively.

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Conclusions (2/2)

• The above mentioned results only calculate the energy savings from the improvement of building envelops. The cost saving results from the reduction of the related facilities, such as HVAC, is not included.

• On the other hand, because the thickness of VIG is much less than that of IG, the amount and weight of window frames/accessories can be reduced. Therefore, the loading of the building structure will be reduced. If the building is designed with VIG, the cost of the building structure materials can be decreased.

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Contact Information

TECO Nanotech Co., Ltd.E-mail: information@teconano.com.twhttp://www.teconano.com.twTel: +886-3-4736200 Fax: +886-3-473-6259

About TECONano

TECONano is a technical services company, offering:

- VIG process technical licensing services

- Turnkey solutions or key facilities for VIG mass

production and product design