The Successful Cross Country Part 2 (2010)

Federal AviationAdministrationThe Successful

Cross-CountryPart 2

2Federal AviationAdministration

The Successful Cross-Country

Part 2

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6Federal AviationAdministrationx

1. Operating at a Non-Towered Airport2. Using the Airport/Facility Directory (AFD )3. Utilizing AFSS, ARTCC, ASOS and ATIS4. Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)

Part 2 – Lessons

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This document has been prepared for training purposes only and sets

forth general principles and guidance concerning good

operating procedures for avoiding surface incidents and runway

incursions. It is neither mandatory nor regulatory in nature.

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COU AFSS

Kansas City Center

IXD

OTM

Chicago CenterFOD AFSS

Destination: Ottumwa Airport (OTM)


50 miles out, start building situational awareness about

Ottumwa airport.

@50 Miles or

@30 minutes out

Preparing for arrival at Ottumwa

What is situational awareness and how do I

build it?


Building situational awareness - AFSS

Now I’m going to contact FOD FSS for an update on NOTAMS at OTM


Are farmers working fields or are mowing

operations being conducted?

“Personnel and equipment working adjacent to all

surfaces”

FOD AFSS



Farmers and mowers working adjacent to runways are usually unaware of the potential hazards posed by

landing and departing aircraft. Additionally, pilots are often times unaware of their presence.


Additionally, at non-towered airports be “heads up” for uncontrolled vehicular traffic.


What is the geometry of new

taxiway to Runway 13/31?

“New Taxiway A parallel to Runway 13, 36 feet wide.”


?

FOD AFSS


What kind of signs, markings And lighting might I see at

A non-towered airport?

Building situational awareness


“Winds 220 at 4 knots, Visibility 6

Statute Miles”.

I’m Going to Listen to ASOS

for Current Weather

Conditions

Building Situational Awareness - ASOS


I wonder what other traffic is

inbound or outbound?

Building situational awareness - ARTCC

Contact Chicago center on 118.15

and ask for traffic advisories.


Let’s review the AFD airport

diagram & remarks section

Building situational awareness - AFD


Should I expect all operations from

Runway 31?



Is it right or left traffic ?

?

?



Intersecting runways…hmmm?

I better be “heads up for crossing traffic!



What about head- on traffic?



Some aircraft may be operating with no radio

or not using CTAF?



Are runways used as

taxiways?



Within 5 miles of the

airport

Where do I expect their drop zone?



Do I expect them to be

radio equipped?



Calm winds and crop dusters go hand in hand. It’s a business and they often land on the most convenient runway.

The AFD doesn’t mention crop dusters. Does that mean they don’t work from OTM?


The AFD doesn’t mention student pilot, military or glider operations?

Expect the unexpected!


During calm winds what caution must be exercised during

departure and arrival?


Awareness that simultaneous multiple runway traffic may be

possible and position and intention announcement on

CTAF is critical.


Building situational awareness - CTAF

I’m switching to common traffic

advisory frequency (CTAF) on 123.0 and start LISTENING for

other arrival and departure traffic!

“Radar services terminated, frequency

change approved”.

Chicago Center


CTAF and UNICOM – understanding the difference

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CTAF: used by all aircraft to facilitate cooperation/coordination in their use of the airport. These conversations are generally related to the actual takeoff and or landing of aircraft, but special activities close to the airport such as ballooning, gliding, parachuting or stunt flying will often be accomplished by announcements on this frequency.

Unicom: a communication facility which may provide airport information. Used to communicate with FBO!

FAA Handbook 7110.10p

Operational

Administrative


Bonus question time!



10 Miles

10 miles out, continue to build situational awareness. Select the runway and make your position and intention

report on CTAF 123.0

“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT 10 miles south at 3,000,

landing Runway 31 Ottumwa.”


Hmmm.. That’s not what I expected

the new taxiway to look like!

Continue to monitor CTAF

“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT entering

downwind Runway 31, Ottumwa”


Continue to listen on CTAF for other traffic

“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT final

Runway 31 full stop, Ottumwa”.

“Ottumwa traffic, N123Q is clear of

Runway 31, Ottumwa”


Should I stopBefore crossing the intersecting

runway?

Am I approaching the boundary of the runway safety area?

“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT is clear of



I need to stop and look both

ways for conflicting

traffic before crossing!

What marking defines the boundary of the runway safety area?

View from inside cockpit


View from inside cockpit

Let’s see, I should be about right here with a left hand

turn into parking.


Lineman in sight!


“ There are no WX advisories across the route. Automated observations enroute reporting clear below 12 thousand. Forecast surface winds for OMA 19008.”

NOTAM’s –OMA ILS RWY 32L OTS

TFR – Avoid the airspace in the vicinity of power plants. No circling or loitering authorized.

FOD AFSS

Planning the departure from OTM


Review OMA diagram:

•Complex layout

•24 hour towered airport..commercial ops

•Anticipated landing runway..based on forecast winds

•Locate general aviation parking

•Anticipated taxi route




Also be alert to any cautions annotated on airport diagram


Study OTM diagram again:

Determine departure runway

Study anticipated taxi route

Determine run-up area



With the winds 23005 KT, you

contemplate an intersection

departure from Runway 22.

23005 KT What questions should you first resolve to help

make this decision?

?X


•Wind direction and speed

•Pressure altitude

•Outside air temperature

•Aircraft gross weight

•Runway available

•Runway surface

•Runway grade

•Environmental conditions

•Obstacle clearance

•Time on runway (back taxi)

23005 KT

X

Can you accurately determine the runway remaining from

this intersection?


“Ottumwa traffic, N111AX downwind


?

Monitor CTAF to gain situational awareness

After engine start


Look at airport diagram and

determine taxi route.

Looks like an easy taxi route to Runway 22


Taxi

“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT, FBO, taxiing to

Runway 22, Ottumwa”.


Runway Hold Marking

5

How many runway hold markings would you expect to see on this non-towered

airport and at what locations?


As you approach the runway you

notice this sign array. What

does it mean?

It means you are located at the intersection of Taxiway C and Runway 4-22.

RED..Runway Ahead


It also means that there will be a runway hold

marking painted across Taxiway C

abeam the sign array


Ottumwa is a non-towered

airport. Do you have to stop at this location?


You also notice a yellow

caution sign located next

to the runway hold sign

array.

What does This mean?


It means you could possibly have restricted line of sight to

any or all of the other runway

approach ends.


You’ve decided to use the entire length of the

runway for takeoff. Before entering the

runway for back taxi, what actions

should be performed?

Look both directions for conflicting traffic.

Determine position and intentions of other OTM traffic

Announce position and intentions on CTAF.

“Ottumwa traffic, N252KT back taxi

Runway 22 Ottumwa.”


“Ottumwa traffic, N252KTdeparting runway 22 northwest, Ottumwa.”

Where’s that guyWho called base

A few minutes ago?


Now, remember about line

Of sight restrictions and

potentialCrossing traffic

23005 KT


Quincy Regional-Baldwin Field, November 19, 1996

Two aircraft collided at a runway intersection at a NON-TOWERED airport resulting in 14 fatalities


Bonus question time!


RED..Runway Ahead


What did thatTFR say about power plants?

After initial call: “Chicago

center, N252KT 5 west Ottumwa, climbing VFR to 6500 for flight following to

Omaha.”

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End of Part 2

Technology

The Successful Cross Country Part 2 (2010)