1. Defining Spectrum Efficiency Tim Brown, Professor Innovation Africa Digital Summit Banjul, The Gambia March 27, 2014 World-Renown Faculty | Collaborative Learning | Innovation Solutions | Students Employers Hire www.cmu.edu/rwanda

2. 2 Masters Programs M.S. in Information Technology M.S. in Electrical & Computer Engineering Accepting applications for August 2014 innovation, global perspective, on campus, hands-on skills CMU Graduate Programs in Rwanda 3. Spectrum Low HighRadio Frequencies 4. Demand on Spectrum is Growing Five year projected growth in mobile data traffic FCC: The broadband spectrum deficit is likely to approach 300 MHz by 2014 Cisco VNI: A smartphone generates 29X traffic of a feature phone. World Middle East and Africa Ericsson (to 2019) 10X 11X Cisco VNI (to 2018) 11X 14X 5. What is Spectrum Efficiency? 6. Spectrum Efficiency - Technical http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radio-tower-autobahn-tree.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two_Cell_Phones_2.png Fundamental Limits For more users need to be Louder 7. Spectrum Efficiency - Technical MIMO: More channels 8. Spectrum Efficiency - Technical Technical 25 times growth in capacity Past 50 years 9. Spectrum Efficiency - Business 10. 300x growth in 27 years $365B total investment 11. Spectrum Efficiency Business Changing the model BT Wi-Fi > 5 million hotspots in UK 500,000 in London 17 sq. km WMAN central London Part of FON Consortiums > 8 million hotspots Free Mobile (France) > 4 million hotspots Built on wireline subs of parent, Iliad China Mobile > 2 million Projecting 70% offload rates U.S. Cable Consortium (5 companies) 200,000 hotspots (mostly outdoors/urban) Comcast: Adopting FON model ~ potential 20 million hotspots 12. Spectrum Efficiency - Business Business 2000 times growth in capacity Past 30 years 13. Spectrum Efficiency - Regulatory Unused white spaces All spectrum is allocated 14. Spectrum Efficiency Regulatory Most Spectrum is Unused 15. Spectrum Efficiency - Regulatory Most spectrum is unused even in cities 16. 17 ITU Region 1 is diverse Conform waste spectrum Differ miss future innovation Cognitive (aka white space) radios. ITU Region 1 Spectrum Efficiency - Regulatory 17. Spectrum Efficiency Regulatory White-Space Radios Idea: Logical overlay on existing radios radios get permission (a policy) to communicate Regulator through policies controls who, what, where, and when Polices timeout and need renewed. Frees up spectrum local and flexible FAA 10MHz CONUS NTIA 18. Spectrum Efficiency - Regulatory Regulatory 25times growth in capacity Past 40 years 19. Conclusion Exploding use of spectrum Requires combined efforts in Technolgy Business Regulation