By: Lori Khoury

October 4, 2011

VALIDITY

To Critical ThinkingTRUTH

VS.

Topics: What is Communication?

What are levels of Communication?

Types of Communication

Verbal Communication vs. Nonverbal Communication

What is Truth?

An example of truth

What is Validity?

An example of validity

What is the difference between Truth vs. Validity

The Continuum of Argumentative Certainty

Conclusion

What is Communication? Communication is referred to as the act by

one or more persons, of sending and receiving messages that are distorted by noise, occur within a context, have some effect, and provide some opportunity for feedback.

Transmission model of communication

Encodes Decodes

Sender Message Channel Receiver

Sender-is the source of the message

Message-is the content of the communication

Channel-is the medium through which message must pass

Receiver-is the target audience of the message

Types of Communication

TelephoneFace to face

Communication is referred

writing

reading

speaking

listening

45% lis-tening

30% speaking

9% writing

16% reading

Cyberspace

Nonverbal

Sign Language

Two levels of Communication: There are two levels of Communication:

Verbal-is defined as any means of communicating

that uses language (words, numbers or

symbols).

Nonverbal-is defined as the exchange of messages

through non-linguistic means which

consist of body language, facial

expression, physical appearance,

tone of voice, and much more.

Verbal Communication

NonverbalCommunication

VS.

Truth is defined as accurately describes or reflects reality

Truth with capital “T” means the ultimate accurate position on a situation or interpretation of an event.

Truth with small “t” means what someone believes as being the only answer to a situation or only interpretation of an event.

For example; there either is or is not a god.

Since these two are mutually exclusive and opposite, only one of these statements can be true.

What is Truth?

What is Validity? Validity is defined as a measurement of how

certain we are of any situation.

Threshold is specific location on the Continuum

of Certain where we accept argument.

In the end is the argument “valid” enough to be accept

Three types of Validity

Internal-able to make a casual statement

about what happened

External-able to generalize your results

to other people

Construct-able to manipulate others to agree with you

Difference between Truth & Validity There is only one Truth, there can be many

reasonable positions

Absolute truth can never change, but new valid evidence are created and discovered

Truth is created internally

Validity is based on external information. It is okay to change your view as new evidence are being brought up

Science and the law uses validity to prove a point not the truth. There is no way that we can know the absolute truth about a scientific principle or if a man is innocent or guilty

The Continuum of Argumentative Certainty

Opinion Assertion Inference Fact0%--------25%--------------50%------------75%-------99%

Conclusion As critical thinkers, like science and law we

too prefer validity over the truth

All the decisions we make is made by validity nor the truth

We prefer validity because we are open minded when it comes new evidence being found

Best way to put is validity equals facts and truth does not equal validity