PrehistoryPrehistory to to

the Rise of the Rise of CivilizationsCivilizations

ObjectivesObjectivesAfter this lesson students will be able to:After this lesson students will be able to:

Describe the methods scientists use Describe the methods scientists use to uncover early human existenceto uncover early human existence

Define and identify the Define and identify the characteristics of a Civilizationcharacteristics of a Civilization

Analyze the important developments Analyze the important developments during the Paleolithic Ageduring the Paleolithic Age

Analyze the impact of the Neolithic Analyze the impact of the Neolithic RevolutionRevolution

VocabularyVocabulary

PrehistoryPrehistory ArchaeologyArchaeology ArtifactArtifact AnthropologyAnthropology HominidHominid Homo SapiensHomo Sapiens CivilizationCivilization

Neolithic Age Neolithic Age Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age NomadNomad ““Lucy”Lucy” Louis B. LeakeyLouis B. Leakey Mary N. LeakeyMary N. Leakey Donald JohansonDonald Johanson

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What is PrehistoryWhat is Prehistory

This refers to a period of time before This refers to a period of time before people invented a system of writingpeople invented a system of writing

Prehistoric people had no cities, Prehistoric people had no cities, organized central governments, or organized central governments, or complex inventionscomplex inventions

Early Human LifeEarly Human Life

Early Human LifeEarly Human Life

Anthropology is the study of the origins Anthropology is the study of the origins and development of human society and development of human society

Archaeology- a branch of anthropology, Archaeology- a branch of anthropology, archaeologists study artifacts to draw archaeologists study artifacts to draw conclusion about the values, activities and conclusion about the values, activities and beliefs about our past.beliefs about our past.

In 1959 Anthropologist Mary N. Leakey In 1959 Anthropologist Mary N. Leakey and Louis B. Leakey found evidence of the and Louis B. Leakey found evidence of the first hominids (humanlike primate) at first hominids (humanlike primate) at Olduvai Gorge in TanzaniaOlduvai Gorge in Tanzania

Early Human LifeEarly Human Life

In 1959 Anthropologists Mary N. In 1959 Anthropologists Mary N. Leakey and Louis B. Leakey found Leakey and Louis B. Leakey found evidence of the first hominids evidence of the first hominids (humanlike primate) at Olduvai (humanlike primate) at Olduvai Gorge in TanzaniaGorge in Tanzania

Mary and Louis LeakeyMary and Louis Leakey

Early Human Life ContinuedEarly Human Life Continued

In 1974 Anthropologist Donald In 1974 Anthropologist Donald Johanson found part of a hominid Johanson found part of a hominid skeleton in Ethiopiaskeleton in Ethiopia

He named his find “Lucy”He named his find “Lucy”

Donald Johanson and “Lucy”Donald Johanson and “Lucy”

Spread of Homo SapiensSpread of Homo Sapiens

Look at the map on the following Look at the map on the following slideslide

Think about the Leakey’s discovery Think about the Leakey’s discovery and also Donald Johanson’s and also Donald Johanson’s discovery- How does this map discovery- How does this map support their findings?support their findings?

Spread of Homo Sapiens MapSpread of Homo Sapiens Map

It shows the movement of Homo It shows the movement of Homo Sapiens from their origins in Africa to Sapiens from their origins in Africa to the rest of the world. the rest of the world.

It shows how the discoveries of the It shows how the discoveries of the Leakey’s and Johanson helped to Leakey’s and Johanson helped to prove how Homo Sapiens spread prove how Homo Sapiens spread throughout the worldthroughout the world

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age(Old Stone Age)(Old Stone Age)

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age

2 million B.C. to 10,000 B. C.2 million B.C. to 10,000 B. C. People lived in small hunting and People lived in small hunting and

gathering groups of about 20 to 30 gathering groups of about 20 to 30 peoplepeople

They were nomads- moving from They were nomads- moving from place to place following game place to place following game animals and the ripening of different animals and the ripening of different fruits, nuts, grains, and vegetablesfruits, nuts, grains, and vegetables

Tools

The word technology refers to the ability of human beings to make things that sustain them and give them some control over their environment. The technology available at the beginning of human history was quite simple. It consisted primarily of the ability to make stone tools.

Paleolithic Stone and Bone Tools

Paleolithic Age ContinuedPaleolithic Age Continued

They developed simple tools and They developed simple tools and spoken language.spoken language.

During the Ice Age huge glaciers During the Ice Age huge glaciers covered parts of Asia, Europe, and covered parts of Asia, Europe, and North America. To be able to cope North America. To be able to cope with the cold they began to seek with the cold they began to seek shelter in caves, build fires and use shelter in caves, build fires and use animal skins for clothinganimal skins for clothing

Paleolithic Tribe

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution(New Stone Age)(New Stone Age)

Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age

Neolithic Revolution- Nomadic Neolithic Revolution- Nomadic Paleolithic people began to learn to Paleolithic people began to learn to farm and domesticate animalsfarm and domesticate animals

This produced a surplus of food, This produced a surplus of food, growth in populations, and the growth in populations, and the settlement of people in one areasettlement of people in one area

This led to the growth of the first This led to the growth of the first VillagesVillages

Neolithic early

villages

Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age

With a surplus of food and increased With a surplus of food and increased population people began to population people began to specialize in jobsspecialize in jobs

Some of these jobs included farmer, Some of these jobs included farmer, artesian, priest, rulers, and warriorsartesian, priest, rulers, and warriors

These small villages grew into the These small villages grew into the first civilizationsfirst civilizations

Growth of CivilizationsGrowth of Civilizations

Features of a CivilizationFeatures of a Civilization

Organized GovernmentsOrganized Governments Complex ReligionsComplex Religions Job SpecializationsJob Specializations Social ClassesSocial Classes Arts and ArchitectureArts and Architecture Public WorksPublic Works WritingWriting

First CivilizationsFirst Civilizations

Catal Huyuk- is an example of an Catal Huyuk- is an example of an early civilizationearly civilization

Catal Huyuk all of the features of a Catal Huyuk all of the features of a civilizationcivilization

Catal Huyul is located in present-day Catal Huyul is located in present-day TurkeyTurkey

Catal HuyukCatal Huyuk

Representation of a Catal Huyuk Shrine room

Representations of the inside of a house in

Catal Huyuk