Mpob planning final(with akshay)

Made By:Ankit Verma 107Gaurav 108Pooja 109Parana 110Saumya 112

PLANNING

CONTENT

• About Planning• Purpose of Planning• Elements of Planning• Strategies and Tactics• Types of Strategies• Seven S Model• Planning tools and Techniques• Advantages and Limitation of

Planning• Decision Making Process Model

What is Planning??

Thinking

Organizing

Desired

Goals

Planning is the Process of:

It involves creation and maintenance of plan.

Purpose of Planning

Provides Direction

Reduces Uncertainty

Minimizes waste and

redundancy

Sets the Standards

for Controlling

• GOALS: are the End results to be achieved. They give direction to activities and require creative thinking and foresight.

• PLANS: Written account of intended future course of action aimed at achieving specific goal or objective within a specific timeframe. It explains in detail what needs to be done, when, how, and by whom, and often includes best case, expected case, and worst case scenarios.

Elements of Planning

Types of Goals

Financial

Goals

Strategic

Goals

GOALS

Stated Goals versus Real Goals

Types of Plans

StrategicPlans

Operational Plans

Tactical

Plans

The Hierarchy of Organizational Plans

Mission Statement

•Broad Organizational Goals

•Based on Planning premises, which justifies an organization’s existence

Strategi

c Plan

s

•Plans designed to meet an organization’s broad goals.

Operational

Plans

•Plans that contain details for carrying out, or implementing, those strategic plans in day-to-day activities.

Strategies • Aimed at counteracting the actions of the opponents.

Tactics• Immediate decisions based on the executive’s judgement and experience whilst facing an actual situation

Strategies and Tactics

Types of Strategy

Corporate Level

Business Unit

Functional Level

SKILLS

STAFF

Subordinate

Goals

STRATEGY

STRUCTURE

STYLE

SYSTEMS

The Seven-S model

Planning Tools and Techniques

Scanning

Forecasting

Bench MarkingAllocating Resources

Accessing the Environment:

Contemporary Planning Techniques :

Project and Project

ManagementScenario and

Scenario Planning

Contingency Planning

Advantages of PlanningIncreases the organization’s ability to adopt future eventualities.

Helps crystallize objectives.

Ensures a relatedness among decision.

Reduces mistakes and oversights/ unnecessary pressures of immediacy.

Ensures a more productive use of resources.

Increases effectiveness of a manager.

Makes control easier.

Helps the company remain more competitive in its industry .

Limitations of Planning

Effectiveness depends upon correctness of assumptions

Planning is expensive

Planning delays actions

Encourages a false sense of security

Proper Climate

Participation

Communication

Coordination

How to make Planning Effective..?

The Rational Model of Decision MakingInvestigating the

situation

• Defining the problem

• Diagnosing the causes

• Identifying the decision objective

Evaluate alternatives & select the best

one

• Evaluate• Select the best

alternative

Implement & monitor

• Plan implementatio

n• Make

necessary adjustments

Developing an alternative

• Seek creative alternative

• Evaluation at the next stage

Continuum of decision making

In making a decision , managers must weigh alternatives involving future events that are difficult to predict .

Therefore , decision making is categorized on a continuum ranging from :

Uncertainty

RiskCertainty

•Objective is known.

•Complete information about each alternative is known.

Certainty

•Unpredictable outcome of an alternative.

•But enough information to predict the probability that desired state is achieved.

Risk

•High unpredictability about the alternative and the outcome.

•Due to External conditions and unavailability of key information.

Uncertainty

PLANNING & CONTROLLING: UNENDING PHENOMENON

Controlling:Corrective

Measures & Follow Up

Results

Planning

Case Study: Planning For A Miracle On 34th Street

Shifted focus from glizty goods to moderated priced goods.

Installed new satellite network to connect suppliers with sales people. Launched their own 24*7 Cable channel to advertise & sell their goods.

“Developing the plan is actually laying out the sequence of events

that have to occur for you to achieve your goal.”

― George L.Morrisey