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FRBRPresented by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett
Chief, Policy & Standards Division
Library of Congress
for the American Library Association
July 10, 2009
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User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain
Entity-relationship model• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes
National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
Bibliographic Universe Books Serials Maps, globes, etc. Manuscripts. Musical scores A-V
sound recordings motion pictures photographs, slides
Multimedia “Remote” digital
materials Etc.
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What’s a conceptual model?
Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described The things in that universe (entities) Identifying characteristics of those
entities (attributes/elements) The relationships among the entities
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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements)
relationship
One Entity Another Entity
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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model
created
Shakespeare Hamletwas created by
Pers
on W
or
k
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FRBR Entities
Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
Physical -recording ofcontent
Intellectual/artistic content
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
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Vocabulary
“Book”
–Door prop(item)
–“publication” at bookstore any copy(manifestation)
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Vocabulary
“Book”–Who translated?
(expression)
–Who wrote?
(work)
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
recursive
one
many
Group 1
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Elements to Describe Resources Work
ID Title Date etc.
Expression ID Form Date Language etc.
Manifestation ID Title Statement of
responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher,
date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.
Item ID Provenance Location etc.
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Manifestations
books
VideocassettesDVDs
CDs 13
Expressions
Les Trois Mousquetaires
textmovie
French
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Work
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Original Work - Same
Expression
Same Work – New Expression
New WorkCataloging Rules Cut-Off Point
DerivativeEquivalent Descriptive
Facsimile
Reprint
ExactReproduction
Copy
MicroformReproduction
Variations or Versions
Translation
Simultaneous“Publication”
Edition
Revision
SlightModification
ExpurgatedEdition
IllustratedEdition
AbridgedEdition
Arrangement
SummaryAbstractDigest
Change of Genre
Adaptation
DramatizationNovelizationScreenplay
Libretto
FreeTranslation
Same Style orThematic Content
Parody
Imitation
Review
Criticism
AnnotatedEdition
Casebook
Evaluation
Commentary
Family of Works
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Relationships Inherent among the
Group 1 entities
Content relationships among works/expressions
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Whole-Part
AccompanyingSequentialDerivative18
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FRBR EntitiesGroup 1: Bibliographic resources
Work Expression Manifestation Item
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FRBR Entities
Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties Person Corporate body Family
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Group 2
many
is owned by
is produced by
is realized byis created by
Person
Corporate Body
Family
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Relationship vs. Element
Work PersonCreated by
Creates
Ham
let S
hake
spear
e
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Subject Relationship
Work PersonCreated by
Creates
Concept/Topic
has subject
is subject of
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FRBR EntitiesGroup 3:Subjects of works
Groups 1 & 2 plus Concept Object Event Place
Subject relationship
Work
Group 3
many
has as subject
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Corporate Body
Work
Concept
Object
Event
Place
has as subject
has as subject
Family
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Why do we need FRBR? Improve the user experience in locating
information Guide systems designs for the future Guide rule makers
Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries
Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond
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Applications of the Conceptual Model
FRBR is conceptual model No application is
prescribed Opportunities for the
future in new systems designs Australia, Europe Variations3, etc.
Keep user foremost in mind
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CollocationBetter organization to catalog
More options to display Identifying elements Pathways
FRBR Benefits
☑ Simplify cataloging enabling links and re-use of identifying elements
FRBR Entity Levels
Work:
Expression:
Manifestation:
The Novel
Orig.Text
Transl. CriticalEdition
Paper PDF HTML
The Movie
Orig.Version
DVD
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FRBR Entity Levels
Work:
Expression:
Manifestation:
The Novel
Orig.Text
Transl. CriticalEdition
The Movie
Orig.Version
Paper PDF HTML
Item: Copy 1Autographed
Copy 2
DVD
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FRBR Entity Levels
Work:
Expression:
Manifestation:
The Novel
Orig.Text
Transl. CriticalEdition
The Movie
Orig.Version
Paper PDF HTML
Item: Copy 1Autographed
Copy 2
Family of works
DVD
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Possible FRBR applicationsScenario A - Now
Authority
BibliographicBibliographic
Holding Item
Work/Expression
UniformTitle Concept
Manifestation
Person
Series (work/expression)
UniformTitle
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Scenario B - Future
Work/ExpressionUniform
Title
Manifestation
Authority
Bibliographic
Holding
Concept
Item
Person
PersonSeries
(work/expression)Uniform
Title
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Objectives of Catalogs
Cutter’s objectives for the catalogFinding - description and access
standardsCollocating - controlled “vocabularies”
for precision of searching
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“User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and
collocate) Identify Select Obtain
Relate/Navigate
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Objectives of Catalogs Finding (locate)
A single specific resource
Collocating (sets of resources) All resources belonging to the same work All resources belonging to the same expression All resources belonging to the same manifestation All the works and expressions of a person, corporate
body, or family All resources on a given subject All resources sharing some specific characteristic
Language, place of publication, date, etc.36
Collocation Objectives of a
catalog: display All the works
associated with a person, etc.
All the expressions of the same work
All the manifestations of the same expression
All items/copies of the same manifestation
Hamlet
Stockholm2008
English
Swedish
French
German
Shakespeare
Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding
Romeo andJuliet
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Pathways to Related Works
Hamlet
Stockholm2008
English
Swedish
French
German
Shakespeare
Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding
Romeo andJuliet
Stoppard
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead
Tex
t
Movies…
Derivativ
e
w
orks
Subject
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Collocation by Works
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. + All’s well that ends well+ As you like it+ Hamlet+ Macbeth+ Midsummer night’s dream+ …
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Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
+ Texts+ Motion Pictures+ Sound Recordings
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Collocation by Expressions
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.+ Texts – Danish+ Texts – Dutch+ Texts – English+ Texts – French+ Texts – Spanish+ Motion Pictures – English+ Sound Recordings - English
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Collocation of Manifestations
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.- Motion pictures – English
+ 1964 Director, Bill Collegan+ 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning+ 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli+ 1992 Director, Maria Muat+ 1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh+ 2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson
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FRBR Display - Serial
Atlantic monthly Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)
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FRBR Display - Serial
Atlantic monthly Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993)
Online Paper Microfilm
Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)
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Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level
(VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this)
FRBR Benefits
HamletEnglish
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British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog)
ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o
Another copy.
The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o
Another copy.
Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o
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British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog)
ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).
Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o
Another copy.The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o
Another copy.Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o
Person Work Expression Manifestation Item
LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
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LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Work
Person 49
LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Expression
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LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Manifestation
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LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Item
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Internet
Catalogs are no longer in isolation Global access to data
Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment Share data beyond institutions
Internet “Cloud”
Databases, Repositories
Web frontend
Services
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Database/format ScenariosBib record (flat-file)
Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future
Spoken word Audio disc
1. Metadata
Donated by the author
Bas
ed o
n G
ord
on D
unsi
re’s
sl
ide
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Database/format ScenariosBib record (flat-file)
Author:
Title:
Content type:
Carrier type:
Provenance:
Subject:
Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future
Spoken word
Audio disc
Metadata
Donated by the author
Name authority record
Name:
Subject authority record
Identifier: …
Label:
Identifier: …
Bib record (description)
Item information
Manifestation information
Expression information
Work informationFRBR record
RDA content type registry
Label:
Identifier: …
Spoken word
RDA element registry
RDA carrier type registry
Future record
ONIX
FRBR registry
Bas
ed o
n G
ord
on D
unsi
re’s
sl
ide
Work title: Cataloguing has a future
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Author:
Title:
Content type:
Carrier type:
Provenance:
Subject:Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future
Audio disc
Metadata
Donated by the author
Person information
Name:
Concept information
Identifier: …
Label:
Identifier: …
Item information
Manifestation information
Expression information
Work information
RDA content type registry
Label:
Identifier: …
Spoken wordRDA carrier type registry
Linked Data
Work Title: Cataloguing has a futureCataloguing has a future
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Author:
Title:
Content type:
Carrier type:
Provenance:
Subject:Lee, T. B.
Cataloguing has a future
Audio disc
Metadata
Donated by the author
Person information
Name:
Concept information
Identifier: …
Label:
Identifier: …
Item information
Manifestation information
Expression information
Work information
RDA content type registry
Label:
Identifier: …
Spoken word
RDA carrier type registry
Package for Data SharingFuture record
Lee, T. B.
Metadata
Spoken word
Audio disc
Work Title: Cataloguing has a futureCataloguing has a future
Communication format record
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Author:
Title:
Content type:
Carrier type:Cataloguing has a future
Package for Displays
Future display
Lee, T. B.
Spoken word
Audio disc
( )
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VIAF – Personal Names
61
VIAF – Personal Names
62
VIAF – Personal Names
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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Entity-relationship model
• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes (Elements)
User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain
National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)
FRBR–Based Systems
Work
Manifestation
Person
Expression
Manifestation
ItemItem
Item
Concept
Corporate body
Person
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