A, B1, B2 & B3 SYLLABUSES

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A, B1, B2 & B3 SYLLABUSES

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AeroGATES

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

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PART-66 ALL CATEGORIES ---

SYLLABUSES AND AEROGATES CROSS- REFERENCES

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. A CATEGORIES :

1.1. A1 category

1.2. A2 category

1.3. A3 category

2. B1 CATEGORIES :

1.1. B1.1 category

1.2. B1.2 category

1.3. B1.3 category

1.4. B1.4 category

3. B2 CATEGORY

4. B3 CATEGORY

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A CATEGORIES

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A1 CATEGORY

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Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – A CATEGORY

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-A

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1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-A 1

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) - -

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Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) - -

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) - -

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

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Module 2

PHYSICS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – A CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-A-B2-B3 1

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

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Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-A-B2-B3 1

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-A-B3 1

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-A-B2-B3 1

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

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Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) - -

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

- -

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

- -

- -

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Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

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Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – A CATEGORY

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-A-B3

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3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03-A-B3 1

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-A 1

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

- -

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) - -

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) - -

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

- -

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

- -

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) - -

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

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Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) - -

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

- -

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other.

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules; - -

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Back emf, self induction;

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

- -

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-A-B3 1

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

- -

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

- -

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Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

- -

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

- -

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

- -

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

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Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

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Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – A CATEGORY

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-A-B3 1

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

- -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) - -

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) AG-05-06a-A 1

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

- -

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

- -

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-A-B3 1

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

- -

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

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EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

- -

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Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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PART-66 Syllabuses

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Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – A CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) - -

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) - -

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

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(a) AG-06-03-01a-A 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-A 1

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-A 1

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-A 1

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

Chemical fundamentals;

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Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-A-B2-B3 2

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-A-B2 1

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

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Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. - -

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-A-B3 1

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-A-B3 1

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

AG-06-10-A-B2 1

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

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6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-A 1

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Module 7A

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – A CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. - -

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-A 1

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-A-B2 1

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-A 1

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

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techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-A 1

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-A 1

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-A 1

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-A 1

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-A 1

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

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7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-A 1

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal - -

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic - -

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) - -

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) - -

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

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7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) - -

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) - -

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-A 2

(b) - -

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

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Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) - -

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d)

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

(e)

Trouble shooting techniques. - -

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-A 1

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

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Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

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Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

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Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – A & B3 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-B1-B2 2

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-B1-B2 2

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-B1-B2 2

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

40

Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-B1-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

41

Module 9A

HUMAN FACTORS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

42

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – A CATEGORY

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-A 1

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-A 1

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

Peer pressure;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

43

‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

44

Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-A 1

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-A 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

45

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

46

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – A CATEGORY

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AD-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AD-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AD-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AD-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

47

Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General - -

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents - -

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AD-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a)

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48

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

AD-10-07a-A 1

(b) - -

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

49

Module 11A

TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND

SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

50

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 11A. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – A1 CATEGORY

11A.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT

11A.1.1. Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight controls AG-11A-01-01-A1 1

Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11A.1.2. High Speed flight AG-11A-01-02-A1 1

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight,

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51

Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;

Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;

Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.

11A.2. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL CONCEPTS

(a) AG-11A-02a-A1-B11 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision;

Aircraft bonding.

(b) AG-11A-02a-A1 1

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting ;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

11A.3. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES

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52

11A.3.1. Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) AG-11A-03-01-A1 1

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and under carriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors and emergency exits : construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices ;

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11A.3.2. Wings (ATA 57) AG-11A-03-02-A1 1

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.

11A.3.3. Stabilizers (ATA 55) AG-11A-03-03-A1 1

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11A.3.4. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) AG-11A-03-04-A1 1

Construction and attachment;

Balancing – mass and aerodynamic.

11A.3.5. Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) AG-11A-03-05-A1 1

Construction;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts.

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53

11A.4. AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURIZATION (ATA 21)

11A.4.1. Air supply AG-11A-04-01-A1 1

Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart.

11A.4.2. Air conditioning AG-11A-04-02-A1 1

Air conditioning systems;

Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;

Distribution systems;

Flow, temperature and humidity control system.

11A.4.3. Pressurization AG-11A-04-03-A1 1

Pressurisation systems;

Control and indication including control and safety valves;

Cabin pressure controllers.

11A.4.4. Safety and warning devices AG-11A-04-04-A1 1

Protection and warning devices.

11A.5. INSTRUMENT/AVIONIC SYSTEMS

11A.5.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-11A-05-01-A1 1

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

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54

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11A.5.2. Avionic Systems AG-11A-05-01-A1-B11 1

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11A.6. ELECTRICAL POWER

Batteries installation and operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External / Ground power

AG-11A-06-A1 1

11A.7. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-11A-07a-A1-B11 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts.

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55

(b) AG-11A-07a-A1-B11 1

Cabin lay-out;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin Furnishing Installation;

Cabin entertainment equipment;

Galley installation;

Cargo handling and retention equipment;

Airstairs.

11A.8. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

(a) AG-11A-08a-A1 1

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

(b) AG-11A-08b-A1-B11 1

Portable fire extinguisher.

11A.9. FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

AG-11A-09-A1 1

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

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56

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection / warning system.

11A.10. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

AG-11A-10-A1 1

11A.11. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

AG-11A-11-A1 1

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

57

Interface with other systems.

11A.12. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical ;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

AG-11A-12-A1 1

11A.13. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking;

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

AG-11A-13-A1 2

11A.14. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

AG-11A-14-A1 2

Emergency.

11A.15. OXYGEN (ATA 35)

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58

System lay-out:

cockpit,

cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

AG-11A-15-A1 1

11A.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources:

engine / APU,

compressors,

reservoirs,

ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

AG-11A-16-A1 1

11A.17. WATER/WASTE (ATA 38)

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

AG-11A-17-A1 2

11A.18. ON BOARD MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS (ATA 45)

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59

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

AG-11A-18-A1 1

11A.19. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

Bleed management,

Air pressure control,

Air ventilation and control,

Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,

Temperature control,

Air traffic communication,

Avionics communication router,

Electrical load management,

Circuit breaker monitoring,

Electrical system BITE,

Fuel management,

1 1

Braking control,

Steering control,

Landing gear extension and retraction,

Tyre pressure indication,

Oleo pressure indication,

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60

Brake temperature monitoring, etc.

Core system;

Network components.

11A.20. CABIN SYSTEMS (ATA 44)

The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service). Includes voice, data, music and video transmissions.

The Cabin Intercommunication Data System provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related LRU’s and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels.

The Cabin Network Service typically consists on a server, typically interfacing with, among others, the following systems:

Data/Radio Communication, In-Flight Entertainment System.

The Cabin Network Service may host functions such as:

Access to pre-departure/departure reports,

E-mail/intranet/Internet access,

Passenger database;

Cabin Core System;

In-flight Entertainment System;

AG-11A-20-A1 1

External Communication System;

Cabin Mass Memory System;

Cabin Monitoring System;

Miscellaneous Cabin System.

11A.21. INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

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61

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems:

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-11A-21-A1 1

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62

Module 15

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

63

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE – A1 & A3 CATEGORIES

15.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;

The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop.

AG-15-01-A1-A3 1

15.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption;

Engine efficiencies;

By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;

Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow

Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.

- -

15.3. INLET

Compressor inlet ducts;

Effects of various inlet configurations;

Ice protection.

AG-15-03- A1-A3 -B1 2

15.4. COMPRESSORS

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64

Axial and centrifugal types;

Constructional features and operating principles and applications;

Fan balancing;

Operation;

Causes and effects of compressors tall and surge;

Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;

Compressor ratio.

AG-15-04- A1-A3 1

15.5. COMBUSTION SECTION

Constructional features and principles of operation. AG-15-05- A1-A3 1

15.6. TURBINE SECTION

Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;

Blade to disk attachment;

Nozzle guide vanes;

Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.

AG-15-06- A1-A3-B1 2

15.7. EXHAUST

Constructional features and principles of operation;

Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;

Engine noise reduction;

Thrust reversers.

AG-15-07- A1-A3 1

15.8. BEARINGS AND SEALS

Constructional features and principles of operation. - -

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65

15.9. LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-15-09- A1-A3 1

15.10. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation / lay-out and components. AG-15-10- A1-A3 1

15.11. FUEL SYSTEMS

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-15-11- A1-A3 1

15.12. AIR SYSTEMS

Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal cooling, sealing and external air services.

AG-15-12- A1-A3 1

15.13. STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

Operation of engine start systems and components;

Ignition systems and components;

Maintenance safety requirements.

AG-15-13- A1-A3 1

15.14. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Exhaust gas temperature/ Interstage turbine temperature;

Engine thrust Indication:

engine pressure ratio,

engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

AG-15-14- A1-A3 1

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66

Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Engine speed;

Vibration measurement and indication;

Torque;

Power.

15.15. POWER AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS

Operation and applications;

Water injection, water methanol;

Afterburner systems.

- -

15.16. TURBO-PROP ENGINES

Gas coupled / free turbine and gear coupled turbines;

Reduction gears;

Integrated engine and propeller controls;

Overspeed safety devices.

AG-15-16- A1-A3 1

15.17. TURBO-SHAFT ENGINES

Arrangements drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control systems. AG-15-17- A1-A3 1

15.18. AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APUs)

Purpose, operation, protective systems. AG-15-18- A1-A3 1

15.19. POWERPLANT INSTALLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, AG-15-19- A1-A3 1

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67

feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

15.20. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Operation of detection and extinguishing systems. AG-15-20- A1-A3 1

15.21. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND INSTALLATION

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;

Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer;

Compressor washing / cleaning;

Foreign object damage.

AG-15-21- A1-A3 1

15.22. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for accessories/systems - -

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68

Module 17

PROPELLER

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69

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 17A. PROPELLER – A1 CATEGORY

17A.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Blade element theory;

High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack,

rotational speed;

Propeller slip;

Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;

Torque;

Relative airflow on blade angle of attack; vibration and resonance.

AG-17A-01-A 1

17A.2. PROPELLER CONSTRUCTION

Construction methods and materials used in composite and metal propellers;

Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;

Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;

Propeller/spinner installation.

AG-17A-02-A 1

17A.3. PROPELLER PITCH CONTROL

Speed control and pitch change methods;

Feathering and reverse pitch;

AG-17A-03-A 1

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70

Overspeed protection.

17A.4. PROPELLER SYNCHRONIZING

Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment. - -

17A.5. PROPELLER ICE PROTECTION

Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. AG-17A-05-A 1

17A.6. PROPELLER MAINTENANCE

Static and dynamic balancing;

Blade tracking;

Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;

Propeller treatment/repair schemes;

Propeller engine running.

AG-17A-06-A 1

17A.7. PROPELLER STORAGE ANDPRESERVATION

Propeller preservation and depreservation AG-17A-07-A 1

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71

A2 CATEGORY

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

72

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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73

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – A CATEGORY

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-A

1

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-A 1

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) - -

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74

Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) - -

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) - -

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

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75

Module 2

PHYSICS

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76

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – A CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-A-B2-B3 1

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

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Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-A-B2-B3 1

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-A-B3 1

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-A-B2-B3 1

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

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78

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) - -

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

- -

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

- -

- -

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Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – A CATEGORY

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-A-B3

1

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03-A-B3 1

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-A 1

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

- -

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) - -

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) - -

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

- -

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

- -

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) - -

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

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Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) - -

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

- -

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other.

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules; - -

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Back emf, self induction;

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

- -

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-A-B3 1

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

- -

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

- -

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Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

- -

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

- -

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

- -

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

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Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – A CATEGORY

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-A-B3 1

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

- -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) - -

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) AG-05-06a-A 1

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

- -

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

- -

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-A-B3 1

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

- -

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

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EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

- -

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Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – A CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) - -

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) - -

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

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(a) AG-06-03-01a-A 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-A 1

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-A 1

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-A 1

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

Chemical fundamentals;

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Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-A-B2-B3 2

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-A-B2 1

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

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Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. - -

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-A-B3 1

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-A-B3 1

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

AG-06-10-A-B2 1

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

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6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-A 1

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Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – A CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. - -

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-A 1

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-A-B2 1

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-A 1

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

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techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-A 1

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-A 1

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-A 1

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-A 1

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-A 1

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

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7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-A 1

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal - -

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic - -

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) - -

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) - -

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

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7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) - -

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) - -

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-A 2

(b) - -

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

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Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) - -

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d)

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

(e)

Trouble shooting techniques. - -

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-A 1

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

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Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

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Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – A & B3 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-B1-B2 2

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-B1-B2 2

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-B1-B2 2

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

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Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-B1-B2 2

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Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

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109

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – A CATEGORY

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-A 1

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-A 1

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

Peer pressure;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

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‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

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Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-A 1

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-A 1

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Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – A CATEGORY

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AD-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AD-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AD-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AD-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General - -

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents - -

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AD-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a)

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Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

AD-10-07a-A 1

(b) - -

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

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116

Module 11B

TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND

SYSTEMS

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117

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 11B. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – A2 CATEGORY

11B.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT

11B.1.1. Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight controls AG-11B-01-01-A2 1

Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11B.1.2. High Speed Flight N/A

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11B.2. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL CONCEPTS

(a) AG-11B-02a-A2-B12 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision;

Aircraft bonding.

(b) AG-11B-02A2 1

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting ;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

11B.3. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES

11B.3.1. Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) AG-11B-03-01-A2 1

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

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119

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and under carriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors and emergency exits : construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices ;

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11B.3.2. Wings (ATA 57) AG-11B-03-02-A2 1

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.

11B.3.3. Stabilizers (ATA 55) AG-11B-03-03-A2 1

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11B.3.4. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) AG-11B-03-04-A2 1

Construction and attachment;

Balancing – mass and aerodynamic.

11B.3.5. Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) AG-11B-03-05-A2 1

Construction;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts.

11B.4. AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURIZATION (ATA 21)

Pressurisation and air conditioning systems;

Cabin pressure controllers, protection and warning devices;

AG-11B-04-01-A2 1

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120

Heating systems.

11B.5. INSTRUMENT/AVIONIC SYSTEMS

11B.5.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-11B-05-01-A2 1

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11B.5.2. Avionic Systems AG-11B-05-01-A2-B12 1

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11B.6. ELECTRICAL POWER

Batteries installation and operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

AG-11B-06-A2 1

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

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121

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External / Ground power

11B.7. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-11B-07a-A2-B12 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts.

(b) AG-11B-07a-A2-B12 1

Cabin lay-out;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin Furnishing Installation;

Cabin entertainment equipment;

Galley installation;

Cargo handling and retention equipment;

Airstairs.

11B.8. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

(a) AG-11B-08-A2 1

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

(b) AG-11B-08b-A2 1

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122

Portable fire extinguisher.

11B.9. FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection / warning system.

AG-11B-09-A2 1

11B.10. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

AG-11B-10-A2 1

11B.11. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out; AG-11B-11-A2 1

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123

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

11B.12. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical ;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

AG-11B-12-A2 1

11B.13. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

AG-11B-13-A2 2

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking;

Tyres;

Steering;

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124

Air-ground sensing.

11B.14. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-11B-14-A2 2

11B.15. OXYGEN (ATA 35)

System lay-out:

cockpit,

cabin;

AG-11B-15-A2 1

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

11B.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources:

engine / APU,

compressors,

reservoirs,

AG-11B-16-A2 1

Ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

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Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

11B.17. WATER/WASTE (ATA 38)

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

AG-11B-17-A2 2

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126

Module 16

PISTON ENGINE

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127

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE – A2 & A4 CATEGORIES

16.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;

Operating principles: 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;

Piston displacement and compression ratio;

Engine configuration and firing order.

AG-16-01-A2-A4 1

16.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Power calculation and measurement;

Factors affecting engine power;

Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

AG-16-02-A2-A4

1

16.3. ENGINE CONSTRUCTION

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;

Accessory gearbox;

Cylinder and piston assemblies;

Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;

Valve mechanisms;

AG-15-03-A2-A4 1

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128

Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4. ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS

16.4.1. Carburettors

Types, construction and principles of operation;

Icing and heating.

AG-16-04-01- A2-A4 1

16.4.2. Fuel injection systems

Types, construction and principles of operation. AG-16-04-02- A2-A4 1

16.4.3. Electronic engine control

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-16-04-03- A2-A4 1

16.5. STARTING AND IGNITION YSTEMS

Starting systems, pre-heat systems;

Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;

Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;

Low and high tension systems.

AG-16-05- A2-A4 1

16.6. INDUCTION, EXHAUST AND COOLING SYSTEMS

Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;

Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.

AG-16-06- A2-A4 1

16.7. SUPERCHARGING/TURBOCHARGING

Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters; AG-16-07- A2-A4 1

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129

Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;

System terminology;

Control systems;

System protection..

16.8. LUBRICNTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-16-08- A2-A4 1

16.9. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation/lay-out and components. AG-16-09- A2-A4 1

16.10. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Engine speed;

Cylinder head temperature;

Coolant temperature;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Exhaust Gas Temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Manifold pressure.

AG-16-10- A2-A4 1

16.11. POWERPLANT INSTLLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

AG-16-11- A2-A4 1

16.12. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND OPERATIONS

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Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer.

AG-16-12- A2-A4 1

16.13. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems. AG-16-13- A2-A4 -

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Module 17

PROPELLER

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132

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 17A. PROPELLER – A1 CATEGORY

17A.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Blade element theory;

High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack,

rotational speed;

Propeller slip;

Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;

Torque;

Relative airflow on blade angle of attack; vibration and resonance.

AG-17A-01-A 1

17A.2. PROPELLER CONSTRUCTION

Construction methods and materials used in composite and metal propellers;

Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;

Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;

Propeller/spinner installation.

AG-17A-02-A 1

17A.3. PROPELLER PITCH CONTROL

Speed control and pitch change methods;

Feathering and reverse pitch;

AG-17A-03-A 1

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133

Overspeed protection.

17A.4. PROPELLER SYNCHRONIZING

Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment. - -

17A.5. PROPELLER ICE PROTECTION

Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. AG-17A-05-A 1

17A.6. PROPELLER MAINTENANCE

Static and dynamic balancing;

Blade tracking;

Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;

Propeller treatment/repair schemes;

Propeller engine running.

AG-17A-06-A 1

17A.7. PROPELLER STORAGE ANDPRESERVATION

Propeller preservation and depreservation AG-17A-07-A 1

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134

A3 CATEGORY

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135

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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136

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – A CATEGORY

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-A

1

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-A 1

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) - -

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137

Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) - -

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) - -

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

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138

Module 2

PHYSICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

139

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – A CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-A-B2-B3 1

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

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140

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-A-B2-B3 1

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-A-B3 1

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-A-B2-B3 1

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

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141

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) - -

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

- -

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

- -

- -

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142

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

143

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – A CATEGORY

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-A-B3

1

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03-A-B3 1

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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144

Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-A 1

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

- -

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) - -

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) - -

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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145

Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

- -

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

- -

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) - -

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

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146

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) - -

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules; - -

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147

Back emf, self induction;

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

- -

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-A-B3 1

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

- -

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

- -

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148

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

- -

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

- -

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

- -

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149

Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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150

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – A CATEGORY

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-A-B3 1

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

- -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) - -

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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151

Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) AG-05-06a-A 1

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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152

Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

- -

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

- -

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-A-B3 1

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

- -

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

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EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

- -

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Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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155

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – A CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) - -

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) - -

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

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(a) AG-06-03-01a-A 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-A 1

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-A 1

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-A 1

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

Chemical fundamentals;

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Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-A-B2-B3 2

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-A-B2 1

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

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Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. - -

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-A-B3 1

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-A-B3 1

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-06-10-A-B2 1

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6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-A 1

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Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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161

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – A CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. - -

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-A 1

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-A-B2 1

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

AG-07A-07-A 1

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EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-A 1

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-A 1

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-A 1

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-A 1

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

AG-07A-12-A 1

7.13. CONTROL CABLES

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Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-A 1

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal - -

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic - -

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) - -

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) - -

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

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(a) - -

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) - -

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-A 2

(b) - -

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

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(c) - -

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d)

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

(e)

Trouble shooting techniques. - -

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

Additional maintenance procedures.

AG-07A-20-A 1

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Control of life limited components.

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Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – A & B3 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-B1-B2 2

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-B1-B2 2

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

AG-08-03-B1-B2 2

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Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-B1-B2 2

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Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

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172

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – A CATEGORY

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-A 1

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-A 1

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

Peer pressure;

‘Culture’ issues;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

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Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

Within and between teams; AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

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Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-A 1

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-A 1

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175

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

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176

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – A CATEGORY

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AD-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AD-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AD-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS;

Air Operators Certificates;

AD-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General - -

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents - -

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AD-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a)

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections; AD-10-07a-A 1

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Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) - -

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

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Module 12

HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

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180

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS –

A3 & A4 CATEGORIES

12.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT – ROTARY WING AERODYNAMICS

Terminology;

Effects of gyroscopic precession;

Torque reaction and directional control;

Dissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall;

Translating tendency and its correction;

Coriolis effect and compensation;

Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching;

Auto-rotation;

Ground effect.

AG-12-01-A3-A4 1

12.2. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Cyclic control;

Collective control;

Swashplate;

AG-12-02-A3-A4 2

Yaw control: Anti-Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air;

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Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features;

Blade Dampers: Function and construction;

Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment;

Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel;

Balancing and rigging.

12.3. BLADE TRACKING AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS

Rotor alignment;

Main and tail rotor tracking;

Static and dynamic balancing;

Vibration types, vibration reduction methods;

Ground resonance.

AG-12-03-A3-A4 1

12.4. TRANSMISSION

Gear boxes, main and tail rotors;

Clutches, free wheel units and rotor brake;

Tail rotor drive shafts, flexible couplings, bearings, vibration dampers and bearing hangers.

AG-12-04-A3-A4 1

12.5. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES

(a) AG-12-05a-A3-A4-B1 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

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Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision.

(b) AG-12-05b-A3-A4 1

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection;

Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation;

Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Windows and windscreen construction;

Fuel storage;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

12.6. AIR CONDITIONING (ATA 21)

12.6.1. Air Supply AG-12-06-01-A3-A4 1

Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart.

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12.6.2. Air Conditioning AG-12-06-02-A3-A4 1

Air conditioning systems;

Distribution systems;

Flow and temperature control systems;

Protection and warning devices.

12.7. INSTRUMENTS – AVIONIC SYSTEMS

12.7.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-01-B1 2

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Vibration indicating systems — HUMS;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

12.7.2. Avionic Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-02-A3-A4-B1 1

Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

12.8. ELECTRICAL POWER (ATA 24)

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation, AC power generation;

AG-12-08-A3-A4 1

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Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation, Circuit protection.

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

External/Ground power.

12.9. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-12-09a-A3-A4-B1 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts;

Lifting systems.

(b) AG-12-09a-A3-A4-B1 1

Emergency flotation systems;

Cabin lay-out, cargo retention;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin furnishing installation.

12.10. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

AG-12-10-A3-A4 1

System tests.

12.11. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out; AG-12-11-A3-A4 1

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Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling.

12.12. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

AG-12-12-A3-A4 1

12.13. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

Rain repellent and removal;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper system.

AG-12-13-A3-A4 1

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12.14. LANDING GEARS (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, Tyres, brakes;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing;

Skids, floats.

AG-12-14-A3-A4 2

12.15. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-12-15-A3-A4 2

12.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

AG-12-16-A3-A4 1

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

12.17. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

AG-12-17-A3-A4 1

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Bleed management,

Air pressure control,

Air ventilation and control,

Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,

Temperature control,

Air traffic communication,

Avionics communication router,

Electrical load management,

Circuit breaker monitoring,

Electrical system BITE,

Fuel management,

Braking control,

Steering control,

Landing gear extension and retraction,

Brake temperature monitoring, etc.

Core system;

Network components.

12.18. ON BOARD MAINTENANCE (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

AG-12-18-A3-A4 1

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12.19. INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-12-19-A3-A4 1

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Module 15

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

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190

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE – A1 & A3 CATEGORIES

15.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;

The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop.

AG-15-01-A1-A3 1

15.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption;

Engine efficiencies;

By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;

Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow

Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.

- -

15.3. INLET

Compressor inlet ducts;

Effects of various inlet configurations;

Ice protection.

AG-15-03- A1-A3 -B1 2

15.4. COMPRESSORS

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Axial and centrifugal types;

Constructional features and operating principles and applications;

Fan balancing;

Operation;

Causes and effects of compressors tall and surge;

Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;

Compressor ratio.

AG-15-04- A1-A3 1

15.5. COMBUSTION SECTION

Constructional features and principles of operation. AG-15-05- A1-A3 1

15.6. TURBINE SECTION

Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;

Blade to disk attachment;

Nozzle guide vanes;

Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.

AG-15-06- A1-A3-B1 2

15.7. EXHAUST

Constructional features and principles of operation;

Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;

Engine noise reduction;

Thrust reversers.

AG-15-07- A1-A3 1

15.8. BEARINGS AND SEALS

Constructional features and principles of operation. - -

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15.9. LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-15-09- A1-A3 1

15.10. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation / lay-out and components. AG-15-10- A1-A3 1

15.11. FUEL SYSTEMS

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-15-11- A1-A3 1

15.12. AIR SYSTEMS

Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal cooling, sealing and external air services.

AG-15-12- A1-A3 1

15.13. STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

Operation of engine start systems and components;

Ignition systems and components;

Maintenance safety requirements.

AG-15-13- A1-A3 1

15.14. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Exhaust gas temperature/ Interstage turbine temperature;

Engine thrust Indication:

engine pressure ratio,

engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

AG-15-14- A1-A3 1

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Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Engine speed;

Vibration measurement and indication;

Torque;

Power.

15.15. POWER AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS

Operation and applications;

Water injection, water methanol;

Afterburner systems.

- -

15.16. TURBO-PROP ENGINES

Gas coupled / free turbine and gear coupled turbines;

Reduction gears;

Integrated engine and propeller controls;

Overspeed safety devices.

AG-15-16- A1-A3 1

15.17. TURBO-SHAFT ENGINES

Arrangements drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control systems. AG-15-17- A1-A3 1

15.18. AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APUs)

Purpose, operation, protective systems. AG-15-18- A1-A3 1

15.19. POWERPLANT INSTALLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, AG-15-19- A1-A3 1

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feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

15.20. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Operation of detection and extinguishing systems. AG-15-20- A1-A3 1

15.21. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND INSTALLATION

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;

Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer;

Compressor washing / cleaning;

Foreign object damage.

AG-15-21- A1-A3 1

15.22. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for accessories/systems - -

A4 CATEGORY

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195

B1 CATEGORIES

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196

A1 - CATEGORY

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197

A1 - CATEGORY

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198

A1 - CATEGORY

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199

A1 - CATEGORY

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200

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201

A1 - CATEGORY

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202

A1 - CATEGORY

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203

A1 - CATEGORY

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204

A1 - CATEGORY

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205

A1 - CATEGORY

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206

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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207

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – A CATEGORY

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-A

1

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-A 1

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) - -

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Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) - -

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) - -

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

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Module 2

PHYSICS

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210

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – A CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-A-B2-B3 1

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

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Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-A-B2-B3 1

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-A-B3 1

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-A-B2-B3 1

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

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Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) - -

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

- -

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

- -

- -

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213

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

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214

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – A CATEGORY

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-A-B3

1

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03-A-B3 1

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-A 1

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

- -

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) - -

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) - -

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

- -

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

- -

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) - -

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

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217

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) - -

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

- -

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other.

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules; - -

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Back emf, self induction;

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

- -

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-A-B3 1

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

- -

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

- -

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Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

- -

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

- -

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

- -

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

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220

Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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221

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – A CATEGORY

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-A-B3 1

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

- -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) - -

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) AG-05-06a-A 1

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

- -

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

- -

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-A-B3 1

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

- -

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

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EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

- -

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225

Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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226

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Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – A CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) - -

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) - -

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

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(a) AG-06-03-01a-A 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-A 1

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-A 1

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-A 1

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

Chemical fundamentals;

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Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-A-B2-B3 2

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-A-B2 1

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

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Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. - -

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-A-B3 1

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-A-B3 1

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

AG-06-10-A-B2 1

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

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6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-A 1

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231

Module 7A

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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232

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Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – A CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. - -

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-A 1

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-A-B2 1

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-A 1

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

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234

techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-A 1

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-A 1

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-A 1

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-A 1

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-A 1

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

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235

7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-A 1

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal - -

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic - -

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) - -

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) - -

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

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7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) - -

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) - -

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-A 2

(b) - -

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

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Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) - -

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d)

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

(e)

Trouble shooting techniques. - -

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-A 1

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

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Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

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Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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240

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – A & B3 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-B1-B2 2

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-B1-B2 2

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-B1-B2 2

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

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Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-B1-B2 2

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Module 9A

HUMAN FACTORS

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243

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – A CATEGORY

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-A 1

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-A 1

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

Peer pressure;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

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‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

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Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-A 1

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-A 1

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246

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

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247

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – A CATEGORY

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AD-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AD-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AD-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AD-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General - -

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents - -

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AD-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a)

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Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

AD-10-07a-A 1

(b) - -

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

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Module 11A

TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND

SYSTEMS

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251

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 11A. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – A1 CATEGORY

11A.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT

11A.1.1. Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight controls AG-11A-01-01-A1 1

Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11A.1.2. High Speed flight AG-11A-01-02-A1 1

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight,

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Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;

Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;

Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.

11A.2. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL CONCEPTS

(a) AG-11A-02a-A1-B11 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision;

Aircraft bonding.

(b) AG-11A-02a-A1 1

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting ;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

11A.3. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES

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253

11A.3.1. Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) AG-11A-03-01-A1 1

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and under carriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors and emergency exits : construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices ;

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11A.3.2. Wings (ATA 57) AG-11A-03-02-A1 1

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.

11A.3.3. Stabilizers (ATA 55) AG-11A-03-03-A1 1

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11A.3.4. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) AG-11A-03-04-A1 1

Construction and attachment;

Balancing – mass and aerodynamic.

11A.3.5. Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) AG-11A-03-05-A1 1

Construction;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts.

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11A.4. AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURIZATION (ATA 21)

11A.4.1. Air supply AG-11A-04-01-A1 1

Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart.

11A.4.2. Air conditioning AG-11A-04-02-A1 1

Air conditioning systems;

Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;

Distribution systems;

Flow, temperature and humidity control system.

11A.4.3. Pressurization AG-11A-04-03-A1 1

Pressurisation systems;

Control and indication including control and safety valves;

Cabin pressure controllers.

11A.4.4. Safety and warning devices AG-11A-04-04-A1 1

Protection and warning devices.

11A.5. INSTRUMENT/AVIONIC SYSTEMS

11A.5.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-11A-05-01-A1 1

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

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Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11A.5.2. Avionic Systems AG-11A-05-01-A1-B11 1

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11A.6. ELECTRICAL POWER

Batteries installation and operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External / Ground power

AG-11A-06-A1 1

11A.7. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-11A-07a-A1-B11 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts.

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(b) AG-11A-07a-A1-B11 1

Cabin lay-out;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin Furnishing Installation;

Cabin entertainment equipment;

Galley installation;

Cargo handling and retention equipment;

Airstairs.

11A.8. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

(a) AG-11A-08a-A1 1

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

(b) AG-11A-08b-A1-B11 1

Portable fire extinguisher.

11A.9. FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

AG-11A-09-A1 1

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

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System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection / warning system.

11A.10. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

AG-11A-10-A1 1

11A.11. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

AG-11A-11-A1 1

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

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Interface with other systems.

11A.12. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical ;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

AG-11A-12-A1 1

11A.13. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking;

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

AG-11A-13-A1 2

11A.14. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

AG-11A-14-A1 2

Emergency.

11A.15. OXYGEN (ATA 35)

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System lay-out:

cockpit,

cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

AG-11A-15-A1 1

11A.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources:

engine / APU,

compressors,

reservoirs,

ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

AG-11A-16-A1 1

11A.17. WATER/WASTE (ATA 38)

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

AG-11A-17-A1 2

11A.18. ON BOARD MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS (ATA 45)

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Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

AG-11A-18-A1 1

11A.19. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

Bleed management,

Air pressure control,

Air ventilation and control,

Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,

Temperature control,

Air traffic communication,

Avionics communication router,

Electrical load management,

Circuit breaker monitoring,

Electrical system BITE,

Fuel management,

1 1

Braking control,

Steering control,

Landing gear extension and retraction,

Tyre pressure indication,

Oleo pressure indication,

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Brake temperature monitoring, etc.

Core system;

Network components.

11A.20. CABIN SYSTEMS (ATA 44)

The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service). Includes voice, data, music and video transmissions.

The Cabin Intercommunication Data System provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related LRU’s and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels.

The Cabin Network Service typically consists on a server, typically interfacing with, among others, the following systems:

Data/Radio Communication, In-Flight Entertainment System.

The Cabin Network Service may host functions such as:

Access to pre-departure/departure reports,

E-mail/intranet/Internet access,

Passenger database;

Cabin Core System;

In-flight Entertainment System;

AG-11A-20-A1 1

External Communication System;

Cabin Mass Memory System;

Cabin Monitoring System;

Miscellaneous Cabin System.

11A.21. INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

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The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems:

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-11A-21-A1 1

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263

Module 15

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

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264

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE – A1 & A3 CATEGORIES

15.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;

The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop.

AG-15-01-A1-A3 1

15.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption;

Engine efficiencies;

By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;

Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow

Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.

- -

15.3. INLET

Compressor inlet ducts;

Effects of various inlet configurations;

Ice protection.

AG-15-03- A1-A3 -B1 2

15.4. COMPRESSORS

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Axial and centrifugal types;

Constructional features and operating principles and applications;

Fan balancing;

Operation;

Causes and effects of compressors tall and surge;

Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;

Compressor ratio.

AG-15-04- A1-A3 1

15.5. COMBUSTION SECTION

Constructional features and principles of operation. AG-15-05- A1-A3 1

15.6. TURBINE SECTION

Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;

Blade to disk attachment;

Nozzle guide vanes;

Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.

AG-15-06- A1-A3-B1 2

15.7. EXHAUST

Constructional features and principles of operation;

Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;

Engine noise reduction;

Thrust reversers.

AG-15-07- A1-A3 1

15.8. BEARINGS AND SEALS

Constructional features and principles of operation. - -

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15.9. LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-15-09- A1-A3 1

15.10. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation / lay-out and components. AG-15-10- A1-A3 1

15.11. FUEL SYSTEMS

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-15-11- A1-A3 1

15.12. AIR SYSTEMS

Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal cooling, sealing and external air services.

AG-15-12- A1-A3 1

15.13. STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

Operation of engine start systems and components;

Ignition systems and components;

Maintenance safety requirements.

AG-15-13- A1-A3 1

15.14. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Exhaust gas temperature/ Interstage turbine temperature;

Engine thrust Indication:

engine pressure ratio,

engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

AG-15-14- A1-A3 1

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Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Engine speed;

Vibration measurement and indication;

Torque;

Power.

15.15. POWER AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS

Operation and applications;

Water injection, water methanol;

Afterburner systems.

- -

15.16. TURBO-PROP ENGINES

Gas coupled / free turbine and gear coupled turbines;

Reduction gears;

Integrated engine and propeller controls;

Overspeed safety devices.

AG-15-16- A1-A3 1

15.17. TURBO-SHAFT ENGINES

Arrangements drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control systems. AG-15-17- A1-A3 1

15.18. AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APUs)

Purpose, operation, protective systems. AG-15-18- A1-A3 1

15.19. POWERPLANT INSTALLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, AG-15-19- A1-A3 1

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feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

15.20. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Operation of detection and extinguishing systems. AG-15-20- A1-A3 1

15.21. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND INSTALLATION

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;

Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer;

Compressor washing / cleaning;

Foreign object damage.

AG-15-21- A1-A3 1

15.22. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for accessories/systems - -

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Module 17

PROPELLER

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270

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 17A. PROPELLER – A1 CATEGORY

17A.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Blade element theory;

High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack,

rotational speed;

Propeller slip;

Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;

Torque;

Relative airflow on blade angle of attack; vibration and resonance.

AG-17A-01-A 1

17A.2. PROPELLER CONSTRUCTION

Construction methods and materials used in composite and metal propellers;

Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;

Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;

Propeller/spinner installation.

AG-17A-02-A 1

17A.3. PROPELLER PITCH CONTROL

Speed control and pitch change methods;

Feathering and reverse pitch;

AG-17A-03-A 1

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Overspeed protection.

17A.4. PROPELLER SYNCHRONIZING

Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment. - -

17A.5. PROPELLER ICE PROTECTION

Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. AG-17A-05-A 1

17A.6. PROPELLER MAINTENANCE

Static and dynamic balancing;

Blade tracking;

Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;

Propeller treatment/repair schemes;

Propeller engine running.

AG-17A-06-A 1

17A.7. PROPELLER STORAGE ANDPRESERVATION

Propeller preservation and depreservation AG-17A-07-A 1

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A4 CATEGORY

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273

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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274

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MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – A CATEGORY

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-A

1

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-A 1

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) - -

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Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) - -

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) - -

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

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Module 2

PHYSICS

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277

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Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – A CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-A-B2-B3 1

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

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Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-A-B2-B3 1

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-A-B3 1

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-A-B2-B3 1

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

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Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) - -

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

- -

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

- -

- -

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280

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

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281

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Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – A CATEGORY

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-A-B3

1

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03-A-B3 1

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-A 1

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

- -

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) - -

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) - -

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

- -

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

- -

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) - -

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

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Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) - -

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

- -

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other.

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules; - -

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Back emf, self induction;

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

- -

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-A-B3 1

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

- -

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

- -

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Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

- -

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

- -

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

- -

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

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Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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288

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Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – A CATEGORY

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-A-B3 1

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

- -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) - -

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) AG-05-06a-A 1

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

- -

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

- -

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-A-B3 1

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

- -

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

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EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

- -

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292

Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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293

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Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – A CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) - -

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) - -

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

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(a) AG-06-03-01a-A 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-A 1

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-A 1

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-A 1

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

Chemical fundamentals;

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Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-A-B2-B3 2

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-A-B2 1

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

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Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. - -

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-A-B3 1

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-A-B3 1

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

AG-06-10-A-B2 1

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

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6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-A 1

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298

Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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299

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Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – A CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. - -

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-A 1

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-A-B2 1

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-A 1

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

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techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-A 1

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-A 1

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-A 1

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-A 1

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-A 1

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

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7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-A 1

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal - -

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic - -

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) - -

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) - -

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

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7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) - -

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) - -

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-A 2

(b) - -

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

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Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) - -

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d)

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

(e)

Trouble shooting techniques. - -

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-A 1

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

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Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

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Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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307

PART-66 Syllabuses

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Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – A & B3 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-B1-B2 2

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-B1-B2 2

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-B1-B2 2

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

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Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-B1-B2 2

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Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

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310

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – A CATEGORY

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-A 1

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-A 1

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

Peer pressure;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

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‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

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Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-A 1

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-A 1

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Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

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314

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – A CATEGORY

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AD-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AD-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AD-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AD-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General - -

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents - -

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AD-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a)

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Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

AD-10-07a-A 1

(b) - -

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

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317

Module 12

HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

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318

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS –

A3 & A4 CATEGORIES

12.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT – ROTARY WING AERODYNAMICS

Terminology;

Effects of gyroscopic precession;

Torque reaction and directional control;

Dissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall;

Translating tendency and its correction;

Coriolis effect and compensation;

Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching;

Auto-rotation;

Ground effect.

AG-12-01-A3-A4 1

12.2. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Cyclic control;

Collective control;

Swashplate;

AG-12-02-A3-A4 2

Yaw control: Anti-Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air;

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Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features;

Blade Dampers: Function and construction;

Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment;

Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel;

Balancing and rigging.

12.3. BLADE TRACKING AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS

Rotor alignment;

Main and tail rotor tracking;

Static and dynamic balancing;

Vibration types, vibration reduction methods;

Ground resonance.

AG-12-03-A3-A4 1

12.4. TRANSMISSION

Gear boxes, main and tail rotors;

Clutches, free wheel units and rotor brake;

Tail rotor drive shafts, flexible couplings, bearings, vibration dampers and bearing hangers.

AG-12-04-A3-A4 1

12.5. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES

(a) AG-12-05a-A3-A4-B1 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

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Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision.

(b) AG-12-05b-A3-A4 1

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection;

Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation;

Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Windows and windscreen construction;

Fuel storage;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

12.6. AIR CONDITIONING (ATA 21)

12.6.1. Air Supply AG-12-06-01-A3-A4 1

Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart.

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12.6.2. Air Conditioning AG-12-06-02-A3-A4 1

Air conditioning systems;

Distribution systems;

Flow and temperature control systems;

Protection and warning devices.

12.7. INSTRUMENTS – AVIONIC SYSTEMS

12.7.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-01-B1 2

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Vibration indicating systems — HUMS;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

12.7.2. Avionic Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-02-A3-A4-B1 1

Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

12.8. ELECTRICAL POWER (ATA 24)

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation, AC power generation;

AG-12-08-A3-A4 1

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Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation, Circuit protection.

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

External/Ground power.

12.9. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-12-09a-A3-A4-B1 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts;

Lifting systems.

(b) AG-12-09a-A3-A4-B1 1

Emergency flotation systems;

Cabin lay-out, cargo retention;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin furnishing installation.

12.10. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

AG-12-10-A3-A4 1

System tests.

12.11. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out; AG-12-11-A3-A4 1

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Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling.

12.12. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

AG-12-12-A3-A4 1

12.13. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

Rain repellent and removal;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper system.

AG-12-13-A3-A4 1

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12.14. LANDING GEARS (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, Tyres, brakes;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing;

Skids, floats.

AG-12-14-A3-A4 2

12.15. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-12-15-A3-A4 2

12.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

AG-12-16-A3-A4 1

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

12.17. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

AG-12-17-A3-A4 1

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Bleed management,

Air pressure control,

Air ventilation and control,

Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,

Temperature control,

Air traffic communication,

Avionics communication router,

Electrical load management,

Circuit breaker monitoring,

Electrical system BITE,

Fuel management,

Braking control,

Steering control,

Landing gear extension and retraction,

Brake temperature monitoring, etc.

Core system;

Network components.

12.18. ON BOARD MAINTENANCE (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

AG-12-18-A3-A4 1

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12.19. INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-12-19-A3-A4 1

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327

Module 16

PISTON ENGINE

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328

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE – A2 & A4 CATEGORIES

16.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;

Operating principles: 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;

Piston displacement and compression ratio;

Engine configuration and firing order.

AG-16-01-A2-A4 1

16.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Power calculation and measurement;

Factors affecting engine power;

Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

AG-16-02-A2-A4

1

16.3. ENGINE CONSTRUCTION

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;

Accessory gearbox;

Cylinder and piston assemblies;

Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;

Valve mechanisms;

AG-15-03-A2-A4 1

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Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4. ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS

16.4.1. Carburettors

Types, construction and principles of operation;

Icing and heating.

AG-16-04-01- A2-A4 1

16.4.2. Fuel injection systems

Types, construction and principles of operation. AG-16-04-02- A2-A4 1

16.4.3. Electronic engine control

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-16-04-03- A2-A4 1

16.5. STARTING AND IGNITION YSTEMS

Starting systems, pre-heat systems;

Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;

Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;

Low and high tension systems.

AG-16-05- A2-A4 1

16.6. INDUCTION, EXHAUST AND COOLING SYSTEMS

Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;

Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.

AG-16-06- A2-A4 1

16.7. SUPERCHARGING/TURBOCHARGING

Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters; AG-16-07- A2-A4 1

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Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;

System terminology;

Control systems;

System protection..

16.8. LUBRICNTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-16-08- A2-A4 1

16.9. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation/lay-out and components. AG-16-09- A2-A4 1

16.10. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Engine speed;

Cylinder head temperature;

Coolant temperature;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Exhaust Gas Temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Manifold pressure.

AG-16-10- A2-A4 1

16.11. POWERPLANT INSTLLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

AG-16-11- A2-A4 1

16.12. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND OPERATIONS

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Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer.

AG-16-12- A2-A4 1

16.13. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems. AG-16-13- A2-A4 -

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B1 CATEGORIES

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333

B1.1 CATEGORY

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334

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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335

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-B1-B2-B3

2

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-B1-B2-B3 2

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) AG-01-02b-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) AG-01-3a-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) AG-01-3c-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

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337

Module 2

PHYSICS

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338

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – B1 CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-B1 2

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-B1 2

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

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Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-B1 2

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-B1 2

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

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(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) AG-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

AG-02-04-B1-B2 2

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

AG-02-05-B1-B2 2

- -

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341

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

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342

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-B1-B2

2

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03- B1-B2 2

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-B1-B2-B3 2

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

AG-03-06-B1-B2 2

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) AG-03-07a-B1-B2 2

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) AG-03-07b-B1-B2 1

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

AG-03-08-B1-B2 2

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

AG-03-09-B1-B2 2

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) AG-03-10a-B1-B2 2

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

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Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) AG-03-10b-B1-B2 2

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;

Back emf, self induction;

AG-03-11-B1-B2 2

Principle uses of inductors.

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3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

AG-03-12-B1-B2 2

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-B1-B2 2

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

AG-03-14-B1-B2 2

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

AG-03-15-B1-B2 2

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

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Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

AG-03-16-B1-B2 1

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

AG-03-17-B1-B2 2

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

AG-03-18-B1-B2 2

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Module 4

ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

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Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS – B1 CATEGORY

4.1. SEMICONDUCTORS

4.1.1. Diodes

(a) AG-04-01-01a-B1-B2 2

Diode symbols;

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

(b) - -

Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage

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current, power dissipation;

Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, and Zener diode.

4.1.2. Transistors

(a) AG-04-01-02a-B1-B3 1

Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation;

Transistor characteristics and properties.

(b) - -

Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;

Base, collector and emitter configurations;

Testing of transistors.

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.

Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A,B,C);

Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;

Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.

4.1.3. Integrated circuits

(a) AG-04-01-03a-B1-B3 1

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers.

(b) - -

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Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;

Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;

Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;

Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Description and use of printed circuit boards. AG-04-02-B1 1

4.3. SERVOMECHANISMS

(a) AG-04-03-B1 1

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;

Principles of operation and use of following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters.

(b) - -

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow-up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, dead band;

Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;

Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

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Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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353

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – B1.1 & B1.3 CATEGORIES

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-B11-B13 2

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

AG-05-02-B11-B13 1

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

AG-05-03-B11-B13 1

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

AG-05-04-B11-B13-B2 2

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) AG-05-05a-B11-B13-B2 2

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) AG-05-06a-B11-B13 2

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

AG-05-10-B11-B13 1

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

AG-05-11-B11-B13-B2 2

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-B11-B13-B2 2

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

AG-05-13-B11-B13-B2 2

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC - ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

AG-05-14-B11-B13-B2 2

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EMI - ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF- High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

AG-05-15-B11-B13-B2 2

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Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – B1 CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) AG-06-01b-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) AG-06-02a-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

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6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

(a) AG-06-03-01a-B1-B2-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-B1-B3 2

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-B1-B3 2

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-B1-B3 2

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Chemical fundamentals;

Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-B1 3

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-B1-B3 2

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Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. AG-06-07-B1 2

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-B1-B2 2

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-B1-B2 2

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

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Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-06-10-B1-B3 2

6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-B1-B2-B3 2

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Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – B1 CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. AG-07A-04-B1 2

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-B1-B2 2

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-B1 2

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-B1-B2 3

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

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techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-B1 2

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-B1 2

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-B1 2

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-B1 2

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-B1 2

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

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7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-B1 2

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal AG-07A-14a-B1 2

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic AG-07A-14b-B1 2

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) AG-07A-15a-B1-B2 2

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) AG-07A-15b-B1 2

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

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7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) AG-07A-16a-B1-B2 2

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) AG-07A-16b-B1 2

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-B1-B2 3

(b) AG-07A-18b-B1 2

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

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Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) AG-07A-18c-B1 2

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d) AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques.

(e) AG-07A-18e-B1-B2 2

Trouble shooting techniques.

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-B1-B2 2

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

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Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

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Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-A-B3 1

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-A-B3 1

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-A-B3 1

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

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Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-A-B3 1

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Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

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PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-B1-B2 2

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-B1-B2 2

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

Peer pressure;

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‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

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Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-B1-B2 2

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-B1-B2 2

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Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

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PART-66 Syllabuses

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Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AG-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AG-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AG-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AG-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General AG-10-05a-B1-B2-B3 1

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents AG-10-05b-B1-B2-B3 2

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AG-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a) AG-10-07a-B1-B2-B3 2

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Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) AG-10-07b-B1-B2-B3 1

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

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Module 11

TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND

SYSTEMS

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383

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 11A. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – B1.1 CATEGORY

11A.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT

11A.1.1. Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight controls AG-11A-01-01-B11 2

Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11A.1.2. High Speed flight AG-11A-01-02-B11 2

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384

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight,

Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;

Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;

Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.

11A.2. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL CONCEPTS

(a) AG-11A-02a-A1-B11 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision;

Aircraft bonding.

(b) AG-11A-02A1-B11 2

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting ;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

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385

11A.3. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES

11A.3.1. Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) AG-11A-03-01-B11 2

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and under carriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors and emergency exits : construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices ;

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11A.3.2. Wings (ATA 57) AG-11A-03-02-B11 2

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.

11A.3.3. Stabilizers (ATA 55) AG-11A-03-03-B11 2

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11A.3.4. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) AG-11A-03-04-B11 2

Construction and attachment;

Balancing – mass and aerodynamic.

11A.3.5. Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) AG-11A-03-05-B11 2

Construction;

Firewalls;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

386

Engine mounts.

11A.4. AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURIZATION (ATA 21)

11A.4.1. Air supply AG-11A-04-01-B11 2

Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart.

11A.4.2. Air conditioning AG-11A-04-02-B11 3

Air conditioning systems;

Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;

Distribution systems;

Flow, temperature and humidity control system.

11A.4.3. Pressurization AG-11A-04-03-B11 3

Pressurisation systems;

Control and indication including control and safety valves;

Cabin pressure controllers.

11A.4.4. Safety and warning devices AG-11A-04-04-B11 3

Protection and warning devices.

11A.5. INSTRUMENT/AVIONIC SYSTEMS

11A.5.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-11A-05-01-B11 2

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

387

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11A.5.2. Avionic Systems AG-11A-05-01-A1-B11 1

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11A.6. ELECTRICAL POWER

Batteries installation and operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External / Ground power

AG-11A-06-B11 3

11A.7. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-11A-07a-A1-B11 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

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388

Seats, harnesses and belts.

(b) AG-11A-07a-A1-B11 1

Cabin lay-out;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin Furnishing Installation;

Cabin entertainment equipment;

Galley installation;

Cargo handling and retention equipment;

Airstairs.

11A.8. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

(a) AG-11A-08A1-B11 3

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

(b) AG-11A-08b-A1-B11 1

Portable fire extinguisher.

11A.9. FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

AG-11A-09-B11 3

High lift devices;

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389

Lift dump, speed brakes;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection / warning system.

11A.10. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

AG-11A-10-B11 3

11A.11. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure Control;

AG-11A-11-B11 3

Pressure Control;

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390

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

11A.12. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical ;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

AG-11A-12-B11 3

11A.13. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking;

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

AG-11A-13-B11 3

11A.14. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

AG-11A-14-B11 3

Emergency.

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391

11A.15. OXYGEN (ATA 35)

System lay-out:

cockpit,

cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

AG-11A-15-B11 3

11A.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources:

engine / APU,

compressors,

reservoirs,

ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

AG-11A-16-B11 3

11A.17. WATER/WASTE (ATA 38)

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

AG-11A-17-B11 3

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392

11A.18. ON BOARD MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

AG-11A-18-B11 2

11A.19. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

Bleed management,

Air pressure control,

Air ventilation and control,

Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,

Temperature control,

Air traffic communication,

Avionics communication router,

Electrical load management,

Circuit breaker monitoring,

Electrical system BITE,

Fuel management,

AG-11A-19-B11 2

Braking control,

Steering control,

Landing gear extension and retraction,

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393

Tyre pressure indication,

Oleo pressure indication,

Brake temperature monitoring, etc.

Core system;

Network components.

11A.20. CABIN SYSTEMS (ATA 44)

The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service). Includes voice, data, music and video transmissions.

The Cabin Intercommunication Data System provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related LRU’s and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels.

The Cabin Network Service typically consists on a server, typically interfacing with, among others, the following systems:

Data/Radio Communication, In-Flight Entertainment System.

The Cabin Network Service may host functions such as:

Access to pre-departure/departure reports,

E-mail/intranet/Internet access,

Passenger database;

Cabin Core System;

In-flight Entertainment System;

AG-11A-20-B11 2

External Communication System;

Cabin Mass Memory System;

Cabin Monitoring System;

Miscellaneous Cabin System.

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394

11A.21. INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-11A-21-B11 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

395

Module 15

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

396

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE – B1.1 & B1.3 CATEGORIES

15.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;

The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop.

AG-15-01-B11-B13 2

15.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption;

Engine efficiencies;

By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;

Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow

Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.

AG-15-02- B11-B13

2

15.3. INLET

Compressor inlet ducts;

Effects of various inlet configurations;

AG-15-03-A- B11-B13 2

Ice protection.

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397

15.4. COMPRESSORS

Axial and centrifugal types;

Constructional features and operating principles and applications;

Fan balancing;

Operation;

Causes and effects of compressors tall and surge;

Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;

Compressor ratio.

AG-15-04- B11-B13 2

15.5. COMBUSTION SECTION

Constructional features and principles of operation. AG-15-05- B11-B13 2

15.6. TURBINE SECTION

Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;

Blade to disk attachment;

Nozzle guide vanes;

Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.

AG-15-06-A- B11-B13 2

15.7. EXHAUST

Constructional features and principles of operation;

Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;

Engine noise reduction;

AG-15-07- B11-B13 2

Thrust reversers.

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398

15.8. BEARINGS AND SEALS

Constructional features and principles of operation. AG-15-08- B11-B13 2

15.9. LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-15-09- B11-B13 2

15.10. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation / lay-out and components. AG-15-10- B11-B13 2

15.11. FUEL SYSTEMS

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-15-11- B11-B13 2

15.12. AIR SYSTEMS

Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal cooling, sealing and external air services.

AG-15-12- B11-B13 2

15.13. STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

Operation of engine start systems and components;

Ignition systems and components;

Maintenance safety requirements.

AG-15-13- B11-B13 2

15.14. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Exhaust gas temperature/ Interstage turbine temperature; AG-15-14- B11-B13 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

399

Engine thrust Indication:

engine pressure ratio,

engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Engine speed;

Vibration measurement and indication;

Torque;

Power.

15.15. POWER AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS

Operation and applications;

Water injection, water methanol;

Afterburner systems.

AG-15-15- B11-B13 2

15.16. TURBO-PROP ENGINES

Gas coupled / free turbine and gear coupled turbines;

Reduction gears;

Integrated engine and propeller controls;

Overspeed safety devices.

AG-15-16- B11-B13 2

15.17. TURBO-SHAFT ENGINES

Arrangements drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control systems. AG-15-17- B11-B13 2

15.18. AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APUs)

Purpose, operation, protective systems. AG-15-18- B11-B13 2

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400

15.19. POWERPLANT INSTALLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes,

feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

AG-15-19- B11-B13 2

15.20. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Operation of detection and extinguishing systems. AG-15-20- B11-B13 2

15.21. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND INSTALLATION

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;

Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer;

Compressor washing / cleaning;

Foreign object damage.

AG-15-21- B11-B13 3

15.22. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for accessories/systems AG-15-22- B11-B13 2

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401

Module 17

PROPELLER

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402

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 17A. PROPELLER – B1 CATEGORY

17A.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Blade element theory;

High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack,

rotational speed;

Propeller slip;

Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;

Torque;

Relative airflow on blade angle of attack; vibration and resonance.

AG-17A-01-B1 2

17A.2. PROPELLER CONSTRUCTION

Construction methods and materials used in composite and metal propellers;

Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;

Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;

Propeller/spinner installation.

AG-17A-02-B1 2

17A.3. PROPELLER PITCH CONTROL

Speed control and pitch change methods; AG-17A-03-B1 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

403

Feathering and reverse pitch;

Overspeed protection.

17A.4. PROPELLER SYNCHRONIZING

Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment. AG-17A-04-B1 2

17A.5. PROPELLER ICE PROTECTION

Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. AG-17A-05-B1 2

17A.6. PROPELLER MAINTENANCE

Static and dynamic balancing;

Blade tracking;

Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;

Propeller treatment/repair schemes;

Propeller engine running.

AG-17A-06-B1 3

17A.7. PROPELLER STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Propeller preservation and depreservation AG-17A-07-B1 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

404

B1.2 CATEGORY

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

405

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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406

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-B1-B2-B3

2

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-B1-B2-B3 2

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) AG-01-02b-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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407

Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) AG-01-3a-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) AG-01-3c-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

408

Module 2

PHYSICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

409

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – B1 CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-B1 2

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-B1 2

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

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410

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-B1 2

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-B1 2

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

411

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) AG-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

AG-02-04-B1-B2 2

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

AG-02-05-B1-B2 2

- -

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412

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

413

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-B1-B2

2

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03- B1-B2 2

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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414

Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-B1-B2-B3 2

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

AG-03-06-B1-B2 2

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) AG-03-07a-B1-B2 2

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) AG-03-07b-B1-B2 1

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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415

Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

AG-03-08-B1-B2 2

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

AG-03-09-B1-B2 2

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) AG-03-10a-B1-B2 2

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

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416

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) AG-03-10b-B1-B2 2

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;

Back emf, self induction;

AG-03-11-B1-B2 2

Principle uses of inductors.

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3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

AG-03-12-B1-B2 2

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-B1-B2 2

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

AG-03-14-B1-B2 2

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

AG-03-15-B1-B2 2

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

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Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

AG-03-16-B1-B2 1

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

AG-03-17-B1-B2 2

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

AG-03-18-B1-B2 2

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419

Module 4

ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

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420

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS – B1 CATEGORY

4.1. SEMICONDUCTORS

4.1.1. Diodes

(a) AG-04-01-01a-B1-B2 2

Diode symbols;

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

(b) - -

Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage

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current, power dissipation;

Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, and Zener diode.

4.1.2. Transistors

(a) AG-04-01-02a-B1-B3 1

Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation;

Transistor characteristics and properties.

(b) - -

Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;

Base, collector and emitter configurations;

Testing of transistors.

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.

Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A,B,C);

Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;

Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.

4.1.3. Integrated circuits

(a) AG-04-01-03a-B1-B3 1

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers.

(b) - -

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Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;

Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;

Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;

Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Description and use of printed circuit boards. AG-04-02-B1 1

4.3. SERVOMECHANISMS

(a) AG-04-03-B1 1

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;

Principles of operation and use of following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters.

(b) - -

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow-up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, dead band;

Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;

Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

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423

Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

424

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – B1.2 & B1.4 CATEGORIES

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-B12-B14 2

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet. - -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) - -

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b)

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) - -

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS AG-05-10-B12-B14 1

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including: cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

AG-05-11-B12-B14 1

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-B12-B14 2

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

AG-05-13-B12-B14 1

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

AG-05-14-B12-B14 2

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427

EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

AG-05-15-B12-B14 2

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428

Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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429

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – B1 CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) AG-06-01b-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) AG-06-02a-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

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430

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

(a) AG-06-03-01a-B1-B2-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-B1-B3 2

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-B1-B3 2

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-B1-B3 2

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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431

Chemical fundamentals;

Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-B1 3

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-B1-B3 2

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432

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. AG-06-07-B1 2

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-B1-B2 2

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-B1-B2 2

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

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Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-06-10-B1-B3 2

6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-B1-B2-B3 2

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434

Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

435

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – B1 CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. AG-07A-04-B1 2

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-B1-B2 2

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-B1 2

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-B1-B2 3

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

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437

techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-B1 2

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-B1 2

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-B1 2

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-B1 2

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-B1 2

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

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7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-B1 2

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal AG-07A-14a-B1 2

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic AG-07A-14b-B1 2

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) AG-07A-15a-B1-B2 2

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) AG-07A-15b-B1 2

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

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7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) AG-07A-16a-B1-B2 2

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) AG-07A-16b-B1 2

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-B1-B2 3

(b) AG-07A-18b-B1 2

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

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440

Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) AG-07A-18c-B1 2

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d) AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques.

(e) AG-07A-18e-B1-B2 2

Trouble shooting techniques.

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-B1-B2 2

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

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Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

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442

Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

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443

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-A-B3 1

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-A-B3 1

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-A-B3 1

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

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Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-A-B3 1

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445

Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

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446

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-B1-B2 2

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-B1-B2 2

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

Peer pressure;

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447

‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

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448

Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-B1-B2 2

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-B1-B2 2

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449

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

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450

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AG-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AG-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AG-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AG-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General AG-10-05a-B1-B2-B3 1

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents AG-10-05b-B1-B2-B3 2

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AG-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a) AG-10-07a-B1-B2-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

452

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) AG-10-07b-B1-B2-B3 1

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

453

Module 11B

TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND

SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

454

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 11B. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – B1.2 CATEGORY

11B.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT

11B.1.1. Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight controls AG-11B-01-01-B12 2

Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11B.1.2. High Speed Flight N/A

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455

11B.2. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL CONCEPTS

(a) AG-11B-02a-A2-B12 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision;

Aircraft bonding.

(b) AG-11B-02A2-B12 2

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting ;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

11B.3. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES

11B.3.1. Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) AG-11B-03-01-B12 2

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

456

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and under carriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors and emergency exits : construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices ;

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11B.3.2. Wings (ATA 57) AG-11B-03-02-B12 2

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.

11B.3.3. Stabilizers (ATA 55) AG-11B-03-03-B12 2

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11B.3.4. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) AG-11B-03-04-B12 2

Construction and attachment;

Balancing – mass and aerodynamic.

11B.3.5. Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) AG-11B-03-05-B12 2

Construction;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts.

11B.4. AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURIZATION (ATA 21)

Pressurisation and air conditioning systems; AG-11B-04-01-B12 3

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

457

Cabin pressure controllers, protection and warning devices;

Heating systems.

11B.5. INSTRUMENT/AVIONIC SYSTEMS

11B.5.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-11B-05-01-B12 2

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11B.5.2. Avionic Systems AG-11B-05-01-A2-B12 1

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11B.6. ELECTRICAL POWER

Batteries installation and operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation;

AG-11B-06-B12 3

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458

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External / Ground power

11B.7. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-11B-07a-A2-B12 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts.

(b) AG-11B-07a-A2-B12 1

Cabin lay-out;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin Furnishing Installation;

Cabin entertainment equipment;

Galley installation;

Cargo handling and retention equipment;

Airstairs.

11B.8. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

(a) AG-11B-08-B12 3

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

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459

(b) AG-11B-08b-B12 3

Portable fire extinguisher.

11B.9. FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection / warning system.

AG-11B-09-B12 3

11B.10. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

AG-11B-10-B12 3

11B.11. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

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460

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

AG-11B-11-B12 3

11B.12. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical ;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

AG-11B-12-B12 3

11B.13. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking;

Tyres;

AG-11B-13-B12 3

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461

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

11B.14. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-11B-14-B12 3

11B.15. OXYGEN (ATA 35)

System lay-out:

cockpit,

cabin;

AG-11B-15-B12 3

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

11B.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources:

engine / APU,

compressors,

reservoirs,

ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

AG-11B-16-B12 3

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462

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

11B.17. WATER/WASTE (ATA 38)

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

AG-11B-17-B12 3

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

463

Module 16

PISTON ENGINE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

464

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE – B1.2 & B1.4 CATEGORIES

16.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;

Operating principles: 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;

Piston displacement and compression ratio;

Engine configuration and firing order.

AG-16-01-B12-B14 2

16.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Power calculation and measurement;

Factors affecting engine power;

Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

AG-16-02- B12-B14

2

16.3. ENGINE CONSTRUCTION

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;

Accessory gearbox;

Cylinder and piston assemblies;

Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;

AG-15-03-A- B12-B14 2

Valve mechanisms;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

465

Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4. ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS

16.4.1. Carburettors

Types, construction and principles of operation;

Icing and heating.

AG-16-04-01- B12-B14 2

16.4.2. Fuel injection systems

Types, construction and principles of operation. AG-16-04-02- B12-B14 2

16.4.3. Electronic engine control

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-16-04-03-A- B12-B14 2

16.5. STARTING AND IGNITION YSTEMS

Starting systems, pre-heat systems;

Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;

Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;

Low and high tension systems.

AG-16-05- B12-B14 2

16.6. INDUCTION, EXHAUST AND COOLING SYSTEMS

Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;

Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.

AG-16-06- B12-B14 2

16.7. SUPERCHARGING/TURBOCHARGING

Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters; AG-16-07- B12-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

466

Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;

System terminology;

Control systems;

System protection..

16.8. LUBRICNTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-16-08- B12-B14 2

16.9. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation/lay-out and components. AG-16-09- B12-B14 2

16.10. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Engine speed;

Cylinder head temperature;

Coolant temperature;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Exhaust Gas Temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Manifold pressure.

AG-16-10- B12-B14 2

16.11. POWERPLANT INSTLLATION

AG-16-11- B12-B14 2

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

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467

16.12. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND OPERATIONS

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer.

AG-16-12- B12-B14 3

16.13. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems. AG-16-13- B12-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

468

Module 17

PROPELLER

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

469

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 17A. PROPELLER – B1 CATEGORY

17A.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Blade element theory;

High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack,

rotational speed;

Propeller slip;

Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;

Torque;

Relative airflow on blade angle of attack; vibration and resonance.

AG-17A-01-B1 2

17A.2. PROPELLER CONSTRUCTION

Construction methods and materials used in composite and metal propellers;

Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;

Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;

Propeller/spinner installation.

AG-17A-02-B1 2

17A.3. PROPELLER PITCH CONTROL

Speed control and pitch change methods; AG-17A-03-B1 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

470

Feathering and reverse pitch;

Overspeed protection.

17A.4. PROPELLER SYNCHRONIZING

Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment. AG-17A-04-B1 2

17A.5. PROPELLER ICE PROTECTION

Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. AG-17A-05-B1 2

17A.6. PROPELLER MAINTENANCE

Static and dynamic balancing;

Blade tracking;

Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;

Propeller treatment/repair schemes;

Propeller engine running.

AG-17A-06-B1 3

17A.7. PROPELLER STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Propeller preservation and depreservation AG-17A-07-B1 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

471

B1.3 CATEGORY

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

472

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

473

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-B1-B2-B3

2

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-B1-B2-B3 2

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) AG-01-02b-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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474

Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) AG-01-3a-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) AG-01-3c-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

475

Module 2

PHYSICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

476

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – B1 CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-B1 2

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-B1 2

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

477

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-B1 2

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-B1 2

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

478

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) AG-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

AG-02-04-B1-B2 2

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

AG-02-05-B1-B2 2

- -

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

479

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

480

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-B1-B2

2

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03- B1-B2 2

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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481

Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-B1-B2-B3 2

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

AG-03-06-B1-B2 2

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) AG-03-07a-B1-B2 2

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) AG-03-07b-B1-B2 1

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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482

Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

AG-03-08-B1-B2 2

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

AG-03-09-B1-B2 2

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) AG-03-10a-B1-B2 2

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

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483

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) AG-03-10b-B1-B2 2

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;

Back emf, self induction;

AG-03-11-B1-B2 2

Principle uses of inductors.

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484

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

AG-03-12-B1-B2 2

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-B1-B2 2

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

AG-03-14-B1-B2 2

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

AG-03-15-B1-B2 2

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

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485

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

AG-03-16-B1-B2 1

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

AG-03-17-B1-B2 2

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

AG-03-18-B1-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

486

Module 4

ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

487

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS – B1 CATEGORY

4.1. SEMICONDUCTORS

4.1.1. Diodes

(a) AG-04-01-01a-B1-B2 2

Diode symbols;

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

(b) - -

Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage

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488

current, power dissipation;

Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, and Zener diode.

4.1.2. Transistors

(a) AG-04-01-02a-B1-B3 1

Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation;

Transistor characteristics and properties.

(b) - -

Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;

Base, collector and emitter configurations;

Testing of transistors.

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.

Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A,B,C);

Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;

Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.

4.1.3. Integrated circuits

(a) AG-04-01-03a-B1-B3 1

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers.

(b) - -

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489

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;

Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;

Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;

Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Description and use of printed circuit boards. AG-04-02-B1 1

4.3. SERVOMECHANISMS

(a) AG-04-03-B1 1

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;

Principles of operation and use of following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters.

(b) - -

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow-up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, dead band;

Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;

Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

490

Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

491

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – B1.1 & B1.3 CATEGORIES

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-B11-B13 2

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

AG-05-02-B11-B13 1

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

AG-05-03-B11-B13 1

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

AG-05-04-B11-B13-B2 2

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) AG-05-05a-B11-B13-B2 2

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

492

Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) AG-05-06a-B11-B13 2

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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493

Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

AG-05-10-B11-B13 1

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

AG-05-11-B11-B13-B2 2

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-B11-B13-B2 2

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

AG-05-13-B11-B13-B2 2

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC - ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

AG-05-14-B11-B13-B2 2

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494

EMI - ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF- High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

AG-05-15-B11-B13-B2 2

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495

Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

496

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – B1 CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) AG-06-01b-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) AG-06-02a-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

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497

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

(a) AG-06-03-01a-B1-B2-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-B1-B3 2

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-B1-B3 2

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-B1-B3 2

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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498

Chemical fundamentals;

Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-B1 3

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-B1-B3 2

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499

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. AG-06-07-B1 2

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-B1-B2 2

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-B1-B2 2

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

500

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-06-10-B1-B3 2

6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-B1-B2-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

501

Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

502

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – B1 CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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503

Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. AG-07A-04-B1 2

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-B1-B2 2

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-B1 2

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-B1-B2 3

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

504

techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-B1 2

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-B1 2

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-B1 2

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-B1 2

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-B1 2

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

505

7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-B1 2

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal AG-07A-14a-B1 2

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic AG-07A-14b-B1 2

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) AG-07A-15a-B1-B2 2

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) AG-07A-15b-B1 2

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

506

7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) AG-07A-16a-B1-B2 2

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) AG-07A-16b-B1 2

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-B1-B2 3

(b) AG-07A-18b-B1 2

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

507

Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) AG-07A-18c-B1 2

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d) AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques.

(e) AG-07A-18e-B1-B2 2

Trouble shooting techniques.

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-B1-B2 2

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

508

Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

509

Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

510

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-A-B3 1

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-A-B3 1

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-A-B3 1

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

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511

Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-A-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

512

Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

513

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-B1-B2 2

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-B1-B2 2

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

Peer pressure;

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514

‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

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515

Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-B1-B2 2

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-B1-B2 2

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516

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

517

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AG-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AG-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AG-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AG-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General AG-10-05a-B1-B2-B3 1

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents AG-10-05b-B1-B2-B3 2

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AG-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a) AG-10-07a-B1-B2-B3 2

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519

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) AG-10-07b-B1-B2-B3 1

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

520

Module 12

HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

521

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS –

B1.3 & B1.4 CATEGORIES

12.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT – ROTARY WING AERODYNAMICS

Terminology;

Effects of gyroscopic precession;

Torque reaction and directional control;

Dissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall;

Translating tendency and its correction;

Coriolis effect and compensation;

Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching;

Auto-rotation;

Ground effect.

AG-12-01-B13-B14 3

12.2. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Cyclic control;

Collective control;

Swashplate;

AG-12-02-B13-B14 3

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522

Yaw control: Anti-Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air;

Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features;

Blade Dampers: Function and construction;

Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment;

Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel;

Balancing and rigging.

12.3. BLADE TRACKING AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS

Rotor alignment;

Main and tail rotor tracking;

Static and dynamic balancing;

Vibration types, vibration reduction methods;

Ground resonance.

AG-12-03-B13-B14 3

12.4. TRANSMISSION

Gear boxes, main and tail rotors;

Clutches, free wheel units and rotor brake;

Tail rotor drive shafts, flexible couplings, bearings, vibration dampers and bearing hangers.

AG-12-04-B13-B14 3

12.5. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES

(a) AG-12-05a-A-B13-B14 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

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523

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision.

(b) AG-12-05b-B13-B14 2

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection;

Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation;

Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Windows and windscreen construction;

Fuel storage;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

12.6. AIR CONDITIONING (ATA 21)

12.6.1. Air Supply AG-12-06-01-B13-B14 2

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524

Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart.

12.6.2. Air Conditioning AG-12-06-02-B13-B14 3

Air conditioning systems;

Distribution systems;

Flow and temperature control systems;

Protection and warning devices.

12.7. INSTRUMENTS – AVIONIC SYSTEMS

12.7.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-01-B13-B14 2

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Vibration indicating systems — HUMS;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

12.7.2. Avionic Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-02-A-B13-B14 1

Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

12.8. ELECTRICAL POWER (ATA 24)

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525

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation, AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation, Circuit protection.

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

External/Ground power.

AG-12-08-B13-B14 3

12.9. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-12-09a-A-B13-B14 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts;

Lifting systems.

(b) AG-12-09a-A-B13-B14 1

Emergency flotation systems;

Cabin lay-out, cargo retention;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin furnishing installation.

12.10. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

AG-12-10-B13-B14 3

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526

12.11. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling.

AG-12-11-B13-B14 3

12.12. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

AG-12-12-B13-B14 3

12.13. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

Rain repellent and removal;

AG-12-13-B13-B14 3

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527

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper system.

12.14. LANDING GEARS (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, Tyres, brakes;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing;

Skids, floats.

AG-12-14-B13-B14 3

12.15. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-12-15-B13-B14 3

12.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

AG-12-16-B13-B14 3

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

12.17. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

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528

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

Bleed management,

Air pressure control,

Air ventilation and control,

Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,

Temperature control,

Air traffic communication,

Avionics communication router,

Electrical load management,

Circuit breaker monitoring,

Electrical system BITE,

Fuel management,

Braking control,

Steering control,

Landing gear extension and retraction,

Tyre pressure indication,

Oleo pressure indication,

AG-12-17-B13-B14 2

Brake temperature monitoring, etc.

Core system;

Network components.

12.18. ON BOARD MAINTENANCE (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

AG-12-18-B13-B14 2

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Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

12.19. INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-12-19-B13-B14 2

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530

Module 15

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

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531

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE – B1.1 & B1.3 CATEGORIES

15.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;

The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop.

AG-15-01-B11-B13 2

15.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption;

Engine efficiencies;

By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;

Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow

Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.

AG-15-02- B11-B13

2

15.3. INLET

Compressor inlet ducts;

Effects of various inlet configurations;

AG-15-03-A- B11-B13 2

Ice protection.

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532

15.4. COMPRESSORS

Axial and centrifugal types;

Constructional features and operating principles and applications;

Fan balancing;

Operation;

Causes and effects of compressors tall and surge;

Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;

Compressor ratio.

AG-15-04- B11-B13 2

15.5. COMBUSTION SECTION

Constructional features and principles of operation. AG-15-05- B11-B13 2

15.6. TURBINE SECTION

Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;

Blade to disk attachment;

Nozzle guide vanes;

Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.

AG-15-06-A- B11-B13 2

15.7. EXHAUST

Constructional features and principles of operation;

Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;

Engine noise reduction;

AG-15-07- B11-B13 2

Thrust reversers.

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533

15.8. BEARINGS AND SEALS

Constructional features and principles of operation. AG-15-08- B11-B13 2

15.9. LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-15-09- B11-B13 2

15.10. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation / lay-out and components. AG-15-10- B11-B13 2

15.11. FUEL SYSTEMS

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-15-11- B11-B13 2

15.12. AIR SYSTEMS

Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal cooling, sealing and external air services.

AG-15-12- B11-B13 2

15.13. STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

Operation of engine start systems and components;

Ignition systems and components;

Maintenance safety requirements.

AG-15-13- B11-B13 2

15.14. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Exhaust gas temperature/ Interstage turbine temperature; AG-15-14- B11-B13 2

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534

Engine thrust Indication:

engine pressure ratio,

engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Engine speed;

Vibration measurement and indication;

Torque;

Power.

15.15. POWER AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS

Operation and applications;

Water injection, water methanol;

Afterburner systems.

AG-15-15- B11-B13 2

15.16. TURBO-PROP ENGINES

Gas coupled / free turbine and gear coupled turbines;

Reduction gears;

Integrated engine and propeller controls;

Overspeed safety devices.

AG-15-16- B11-B13 2

15.17. TURBO-SHAFT ENGINES

Arrangements drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control systems. AG-15-17- B11-B13 2

15.18. AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (APUs)

Purpose, operation, protective systems. AG-15-18- B11-B13 2

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15.19. POWERPLANT INSTALLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes,

feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

AG-15-19- B11-B13 2

15.20. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Operation of detection and extinguishing systems. AG-15-20- B11-B13 2

15.21. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND INSTALLATION

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;

Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer;

Compressor washing / cleaning;

Foreign object damage.

AG-15-21- B11-B13 3

15.22. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for accessories/systems AG-15-22- B11-B13 2

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536

B1.4 CATEGORY

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537

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

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538

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-B1-B2-B3

2

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-B1-B2-B3 2

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) AG-01-02b-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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539

Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) AG-01-3a-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) AG-01-3c-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

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540

Module 2

PHYSICS

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541

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – B1 CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-B1 2

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-B1 2

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

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542

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-B1 2

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-B1 2

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

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(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) AG-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

AG-02-04-B1-B2 2

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

AG-02-05-B1-B2 2

- -

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544

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

545

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-B1-B2

2

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03- B1-B2 2

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-B1-B2-B3 2

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

AG-03-06-B1-B2 2

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) AG-03-07a-B1-B2 2

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) AG-03-07b-B1-B2 1

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

AG-03-08-B1-B2 2

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

AG-03-09-B1-B2 2

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) AG-03-10a-B1-B2 2

Theory of magnetism

Properties of a magnet;

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548

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) AG-03-10b-B1-B2 2

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;

Back emf, self induction;

AG-03-11-B1-B2 2

Principle uses of inductors.

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549

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

AG-03-12-B1-B2 2

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-B1-B2 2

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

AG-03-14-B1-B2 2

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

AG-03-15-B1-B2 2

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

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Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

AG-03-16-B1-B2 1

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

AG-03-17-B1-B2 2

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

AG-03-18-B1-B2 2

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551

Module 4

ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

552

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS – B1 CATEGORY

4.1. SEMICONDUCTORS

4.1.1. Diodes

(a) AG-04-01-01a-B1-B2 2

Diode symbols;

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

(b) - -

Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage

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current, power dissipation;

Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, and Zener diode.

4.1.2. Transistors

(a) AG-04-01-02a-B1-B3 1

Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation;

Transistor characteristics and properties.

(b) - -

Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;

Base, collector and emitter configurations;

Testing of transistors.

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.

Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A,B,C);

Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;

Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.

4.1.3. Integrated circuits

(a) AG-04-01-03a-B1-B3 1

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers.

(b) - -

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554

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;

Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;

Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;

Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Description and use of printed circuit boards. AG-04-02-B1 1

4.3. SERVOMECHANISMS

(a) AG-04-03-B1 1

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;

Principles of operation and use of following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters.

(b) - -

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow-up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, dead band;

Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;

Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

555

Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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556

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – B1.2 & B1.4 CATEGORIES

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-B12-B14 2

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet. - -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) - -

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

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Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b)

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) - -

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; - -

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558

Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS AG-05-10-B12-B14 1

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including: cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

AG-05-11-B12-B14 1

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-B12-B14 2

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

AG-05-13-B12-B14 1

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

AG-05-14-B12-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

559

EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

AG-05-15-B12-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

560

Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

561

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – B1 CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) AG-06-01b-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) AG-06-02a-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

562

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

(a) AG-06-03-01a-B1-B2-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-B1-B3 2

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-B1-B3 2

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-B1-B3 2

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

563

Chemical fundamentals;

Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-B1 3

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-B1-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

564

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. AG-06-07-B1 2

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-B1-B2 2

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-B1-B2 2

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

565

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-06-10-B1-B3 2

6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-B1-B2-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

566

Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

567

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – B1 CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

568

Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. AG-07A-04-B1 2

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-B1-B2 2

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-B1 2

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-B1-B2 3

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

569

techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07A-08-B1 2

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07A-09-B1 2

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07A-10-B1 2

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07A-11-B1 2

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

AG-07A-12-B1 2

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

570

7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07A-13-B1 2

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal AG-07A-14a-B1 2

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic AG-07A-14b-B1 2

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) AG-07A-15a-B1-B2 2

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) AG-07A-15b-B1 2

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

571

7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) AG-07A-16a-B1-B2 2

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) AG-07A-16b-B1 2

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07A-18a-B1-B2 3

(b) AG-07A-18b-B1 2

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

572

Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) AG-07A-18c-B1 2

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d) AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques.

(e) AG-07A-18e-B1-B2 2

Trouble shooting techniques.

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07A-19b-A-B1 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

AG-07A-20-B1-B2 2

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

573

Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

574

Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

575

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-A-B3 1

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-A-B3 1

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-A-B3 1

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

576

Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-A-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

577

Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

578

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-B1-B2 2

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-B1-B2 2

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

Peer pressure;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

579

‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

580

Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-B1-B2 2

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-B1-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

581

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

582

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AG-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AG-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AG-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AG-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

583

Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General AG-10-05a-B1-B2-B3 1

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents AG-10-05b-B1-B2-B3 2

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AG-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a) AG-10-07a-B1-B2-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

584

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) AG-10-07b-B1-B2-B3 1

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

585

Module 12

HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

586

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS –

B1.3 & B1.4 CATEGORIES

12.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT – ROTARY WING AERODYNAMICS

Terminology;

Effects of gyroscopic precession;

Torque reaction and directional control;

Dissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall;

Translating tendency and its correction;

Coriolis effect and compensation;

Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching;

Auto-rotation;

Ground effect.

AG-12-01-B13-B14 3

12.2. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Cyclic control;

Collective control;

AG-12-02-B13-B14 3

Swashplate;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

587

Yaw control: Anti-Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air;

Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features;

Blade Dampers: Function and construction;

Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment;

Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel;

Balancing and rigging.

12.3. BLADE TRACKING AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS

Rotor alignment;

Main and tail rotor tracking;

Static and dynamic balancing;

Vibration types, vibration reduction methods;

Ground resonance.

AG-12-03-B13-B14 3

12.4. TRANSMISSION

Gear boxes, main and tail rotors;

Clutches, free wheel units and rotor brake;

Tail rotor drive shafts, flexible couplings, bearings, vibration dampers and bearing hangers.

AG-12-04-B13-B14 3

12.5. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES

(a) AG-12-05a-A-B13-B14 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

588

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision.

(b) AG-12-05b-B13-B14 2

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection;

Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation;

Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Windows and windscreen construction;

Fuel storage;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

12.6. AIR CONDITIONING (ATA 21)

12.6.1. Air Supply AG-12-06-01-B13-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

589

Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart.

12.6.2. Air Conditioning AG-12-06-02-B13-B14 3

Air conditioning systems;

Distribution systems;

Flow and temperature control systems;

Protection and warning devices.

12.7. INSTRUMENTS – AVIONIC SYSTEMS

12.7.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-01-B13-B14 2

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Vibration indicating systems — HUMS;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

12.7.2. Avionic Systems (ATA 31) AG-12-07-02-A-B13-B14 1

Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

12.8. ELECTRICAL POWER (ATA 24)

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

590

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation, AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation, Circuit protection.

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

External/Ground power.

AG-12-08-B13-B14 3

12.9. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

(a) AG-12-09a-A-B13-B14 2

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts;

Lifting systems.

(b) AG-12-09a-A-B13-B14 1

Emergency flotation systems;

Cabin lay-out, cargo retention;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin furnishing installation.

12.10. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

AG-12-10-B13-B14 3

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

591

12.11. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling.

AG-12-11-B13-B14 3

12.12. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

AG-12-12-B13-B14 3

12.13. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

Rain repellent and removal;

AG-12-13-B13-B14 3

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

592

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper system.

12.14. LANDING GEARS (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, Tyres, brakes;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing;

Skids, floats.

AG-12-14-B13-B14 3

12.15. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-12-15-B13-B14 3

12.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

AG-12-16-B13-B14 3

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

12.17. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

593

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

Bleed management,

Air pressure control,

Air ventilation and control,

Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,

Temperature control,

Air traffic communication,

Avionics communication router,

Electrical load management,

Circuit breaker monitoring,

Electrical system BITE,

Fuel management,

Braking control,

Steering control,

Landing gear extension and retraction,

Tyre pressure indication,

Oleo pressure indication,

AG-12-17-B13-B14 2

Brake temperature monitoring, etc.

Core system;

Network components.

12.18. ON BOARD MAINTENANCE (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

AG-12-18-B13-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

594

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

12.19. INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-12-19-B13-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

595

Module 16

PISTON ENGINE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

596

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE – B1.2 & B1.4 CATEGORIES

16.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;

Operating principles: 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;

Piston displacement and compression ratio;

Engine configuration and firing order.

AG-16-01-B12-B14 2

16.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Power calculation and measurement;

Factors affecting engine power;

Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

AG-16-02- B12-B14

2

16.3. ENGINE CONSTRUCTION

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;

Accessory gearbox;

Cylinder and piston assemblies;

Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;

AG-15-03-A- B12-B14 2

Valve mechanisms;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

597

Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4. ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS

16.4.1. Carburettors

Types, construction and principles of operation;

Icing and heating.

AG-16-04-01- B12-B14 2

16.4.2. Fuel injection systems

Types, construction and principles of operation. AG-16-04-02- B12-B14 2

16.4.3. Electronic engine control

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-16-04-03-A- B12-B14 2

16.5. STARTING AND IGNITION YSTEMS

Starting systems, pre-heat systems;

Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;

Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;

Low and high tension systems.

AG-16-05- B12-B14 2

16.6. INDUCTION, EXHAUST AND COOLING SYSTEMS

Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;

Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.

AG-16-06- B12-B14 2

16.7. SUPERCHARGING/TURBOCHARGING

Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters; AG-16-07- B12-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

598

Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;

System terminology;

Control systems;

System protection..

16.8. LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-16-08- B12-B14 2

16.9. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation/lay-out and components. AG-16-09- B12-B14 2

16.10. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Engine speed;

Cylinder head temperature;

Coolant temperature;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Exhaust Gas Temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Manifold pressure.

AG-16-10- B12-B14 2

16.11. POWERPLANT INSTLLATION

AG-16-11- B12-B14 2

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

599

16.12. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND OPERATIONS

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer.

AG-16-12- B12-B14 3

16.13. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems. AG-16-13- B12-B14 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

600

B2 CATEGORY

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

601

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

602

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-B1-B2-B3

2

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-B1-B2-B3 2

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) AG-01-02b-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

603

Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) AG-01-3a-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) AG-01-3c-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

604

Module 2

PHYSICS

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

605

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – B2 CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-A-B2-B3 1

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity) ;

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

606

2.2.3. Dynamics

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-A-B2-B3 1

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-B1-B2 2

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-A-B2-B3 1

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) AG-02-03b-B1-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

607

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

AG-02-04-B1-B2 2

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

AG-02-05-B1-B2 2

- -

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

608

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

609

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-B1-B2

2

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03- B1-B2 2

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

610

Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-B1-B2-B3 2

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

AG-03-06-B1-B2 2

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) AG-03-07a-B1-B2 2

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) AG-03-07b-B1-B2 1

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

611

Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

AG-03-08-B1-B2 2

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

AG-03-09-B1-B2 2

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) AG-03-10a-B1-B2 2

Theory of magnetism;

Properties of a magnet;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

612

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) AG-03-10b-B1-B2 2

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;

AG-03-11-B1-B2 2

Back emf, self induction;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

613

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

AG-03-12-B1-B2 2

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-B1-B2 2

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

AG-03-14-B1-B2 2

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation; AG-03-15-B1-B2 2

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

614

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

AG-03-16-B1-B2 1

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

AG-03-17-B1-B2 2

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

AG-03-18-B1-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

615

Module 4

ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

616

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS – B2 CATEGORY

4.1. SEMICONDUCTORS

4.1.1. Diodes

(a) AG-04-01-01a-B1-B2 2

Diode symbols;

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

(b) AG-04-01-01b-B2 2

Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

617

Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, and Zener diode.

4.1.2. Transistors

(a) AG-04-01-02a-B2 2

Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation;

Transistor characteristics and properties.

(b) AG-04-01-02b-B2 2

Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;

Base, collector and emitter configurations;

Testing of transistors.

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.

Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A,B,C);

Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;

Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.

4.1.3. Integrated circuits

(a) - -

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers.

(b) AG-04-01-03a-B2 2

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

618

Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;

Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;

Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Description and use of printed circuit boards. AG-04-02-B1 2

4.3. SERVOMECHANISMS

(a) - -

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;

Principles of operation and use of following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters.

(b) AG-04-03-B2 2

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow-up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, dead band;

Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;

Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

619

Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

620

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – B2 CATEGORY

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-B2 3

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

AG-05-02-B2 2

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

AG-05-03-B2 2

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

AG-05-04-B2 2

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) AG-05-05a-B2 2

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

621

Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) AG-05-05b-B2 2

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) - -

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) AG-05-06b-B2 2

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

AG-05-07-B2 2

5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders; AG-05-08-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

622

Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. AG-05-09-B2 2

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

AG-05-10-B2 2

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

AG-05-11-B2 2

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-B2 2

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

AG-05-13-B2 2

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

AG-05-14-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

623

EMI-ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

AG-05-15-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

624

Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

625

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – B2 CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) AG-06-01b-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-A-B2 1

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) AG-06-02a-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

626

6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

(a) AG-06-03-01a-B1-B2-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) - -

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

- -

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

- -

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

627

Chemical fundamentals;

Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-A-B2-B3 2

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-A-B2 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

628

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-B2 1

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. AG-06-07-B2-B3 1

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-B1-B2 2

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-B1-B2 2

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

AG-06-10-A-B2 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

629

Pulleys and cable system components;

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-B1-B2-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

630

Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

631

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 7A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – B2 CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07A-01-A-B1-B2 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07A-02-A-B1-B2 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07A-03-A-B1-B2 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

632

Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. AG-07A-04-B2 3

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07A-05-B1-B2 2

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07A-06-A-B2 2

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07A-07-B1-B2 3

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

633

techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

- -

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

- -

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. - -

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

- -

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

- -

7.13. CONTROL CABLES

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

634

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

- -

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal - -

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic - -

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) AG-07A-15a-B1-B2 2

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) - -

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

635

(a) AG-07A-16a-B1-B2 2

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) - -

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07A-17-A-B1-B2 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques. AG-07A-18a-B1-B2 3

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

(b) - -

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

636

(c) AG-07A-18c-B2 1

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d) AG-07A-18d-A-B1-B2 2

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques.

(e) AG-07A-18e-B1-B2 2

Trouble shooting techniques.

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07A-19a-A-B1-B2 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) - -

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

Additional maintenance procedures.

AG-07A-20-B1-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

637

Control of life limited components.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

638

Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

639

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-A-B3 1

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-A-B3 1

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-A-B3 1

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

640

Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-A-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

641

Module 9

HUMAN FACTORS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

642

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9A. HUMAN FACTORS – B1 & B2 CATEGORIES

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09A-01-B1-B2 2

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09A-02-B1-B2 2

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

AG-09A-03-A-B1-B2 1

Peer pressure;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

643

‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09A-04-A-B1-B2 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09A-05-A-B1-B2 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09A-06-A-B1-B2 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

644

Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09A-07-A-B1-B2 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09A-08-B1-B2 2

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09A-09-B1-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

645

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

646

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AG-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AG-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AG-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS; AG-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

647

Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General AG-10-05a-B1-B2-B3 1

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents AG-10-05b-B1-B2-B3 2

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AG-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a) AG-10-07a-B1-B2-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

648

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) AG-10-07b-B1-B2-B3 1

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

649

Module 13

AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

650

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS –

B2 CATEGORY

13.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT

(a) Aeroplane aerodynamics and flight controls AG-13-01a-B2 1

Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers,

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards,

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices: slots, slats, flaps;

Drag inducing devices: spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, servo tabs, control surface bias.

(b) High speed flight AG-13-01b-B2 1

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, super sonic flight,

Mach number, critical Mach number.

(c) Rotary wing aerodynamics AG-13-01c-B2 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

651

Terminology;

Operation and effect of cyclic, collective and anti-torque controls.

13.2. STRUCTURES – GENERAL CONCEPTS

(a) AG-13-02a-B2 1

Fundamentals of structural systems.

(b) AG-13-02a-B2 1

Zonal and station identification systems;

Electrical bonding;

Lightning strike protection provision.

13.3. AUTOFLIGHT (ATA 22)

Fundamentals of automatic flight control including working principles and current terminology;

Command signal processing;

Modes of operation: roll, pitch and yaw channels;

Yaw dampers;

Stability Augmentation System in helicopters;

Automatic trim control;

Autopilot navigation aids interface;

Autothrottle systems.

Automatic landing systems: principles and categories, modes of operation, approach, glideslope, land, go-around, system monitors and failure conditions.

AG-13-03-B2 3

13.4. COMMUNICATION / NAVIGATION (ATA 23 / 34)

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

652

Fundamentals of radio wave propagation, antennas, transmission lines, communication, receiver and transmitter;

Working principles of following systems;

Very High Frequency (VHF) communication;

High Frequency (HF) communication;

Audio;

Emergency Locator Transmitters;

Cockpit Voice Recorder;

Very High Frequency omni directional range (VOR);

Automatic Direction Finding (ADF);

Instrument Landing System (ILS);

Microwave Landing System (MLS);

Very Low Frequency and hyperbolic navigation (VLF/Omega);

Doppler navigation;

Flight Director systems; Distance Measuring Equipment (DME);

Area navigation, RNAV systems;

Hyperbolic navigation systems

Flight Management Systems (FMS) and ARINC communication and reporting(ACARS).

Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS);

Inertial Navigation System;

Air Traffic Control transponder, secondary surveillance radar;

Weather avoidance radar;

Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS);

AG-13-04-B2 3

Radio altimeter;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

653

13.5. ELECTRICAL POWER (ATA 24)

Batteries installation and operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation; Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External/Ground power.

AG-13-05-B2 3

13.6 EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

Electronic emergency equipment requirements;

Cabin entertainment equipment.

AG-13-06-B2 3

13.7 FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27)

(a) AG-13-07a-B2 1

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic; Artificial feel;

Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks. Stall protection systems.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

654

(b)

System operation: electrical, fly by wire. AG-13-07b-B2 2

13.8 INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS (ATA 31)

Classification; Atmosphere; Terminology;

Pressure measuring devices and systems;

Pitot static systems;

Altimeters;

Vertical speed indicators;

Air speed indicators;

Machmeters;

Altitude reporting / alerting systems;

Air data computers;

Instrument pneumatic systems;

Direct reading pressure and temperature gauges;

Temperature indicating systems;

Fuel quantity indicating systems;

Gyroscopic principles;

Artificial horizons;

Slip indicators;

Directional gyros;

Ground Proximity Warning Systems;

AG-13-08-B2 3

Compass systems;

Electronic Flight Instrument Systems

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

655

Instrument warning systems including master warning systems and centralised warning panels;

Stall warning systems and angle of attack indicating systems;

Vibration measurement and indication.

Glass cockpit.

13.9 LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-13-09-B2 3

13.10 ON BOARD MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

AG-13-10-B2 3

13.11 AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURIZATION (ATA 21)

13.11.1. Air supply AG-13-11-01-B2 2

Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart.

13.11.2. Air conditioning AG-13-11-02-B2 3

Air conditioning systems;

Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;

Distribution systems;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

656

Flow, temperature and humidity control system.

13.11.3. Pressurization AG-13-11-03-B2 3

Pressurisation systems;

Control and indication including control and safety valves;

Cabin pressure controllers.

13.11.4. Safety and warning devices AG-13-11-03-B2 3

Protection and warning devices.

13.12 FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

(a) AG-13-12a-B2 3

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

(b) AG-13-12b-B2 1

Portable fire extinguisher.

13.13 FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28) AG-13-13-B2 3

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

1

1

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

1

1

2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

657

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

3

2

3

13.14 HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29) AG-13-14-B2 3

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

1

1

1

3

3

1

3

1

3

3

13.15 ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30) AG-13-15-B2 3

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical ;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

2

2

3

1

3

Wiper systems. 1

13.16. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32) AG-13-16-B2 3

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

658

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking;

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

1

3

3

3

1

3

3

13.17. OXYGEN (ATA 35) AG-13-17-B2 3

System lay-out:

- cockpit,

- cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

3

3

3

3

13.18. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36) AG-13-18-B2 3

System lay-out;

Sources: engine / APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

2

2

3

1

3

Interfaces with other systems. 3

13.19. WATER/WASTE (ATA 38)

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

659

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

AG-13-19-B2 2

13.20. INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42)

Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:

Bleed Management, Air Pressure Control, Air Ventilation and Control, Avionics and Cockpit Ventilation Control, Temperature Control, Air Traffic Communication, Avionics Communication Router, Electrical Load Management, Circuit Breaker Monitoring, Electrical System BITE, Fuel Management, Braking Control, Steering Control, Landing Gear Extension and Retraction, Tyre Pressure Indication, Oleo Pressure Indication, Brake Temperature Monitoring, etc.

Core System; Network Components.

AG-13-20-B2 3

13.21. CABIN SYSTEMS (ATA 44)

The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service). Includes voice, data, music and video transmissions.

The Cabin Intercommunication Data System provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related LRU’s and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels.

The Cabin Network Service typically consists on a server, typically interfacing with, among others, the following systems:

Data/Radio Communication, In-Flight Entertainment System.

AG-13-21-B2 3

The Cabin Network Service may host functions such as:

Access to pre-departure/departure reports,

E-mail/intranet/Internet access,

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

660

Passenger database;

Cabin Core System;

In-flight Entertainment System;

External Communication System;

Cabin Mass Memory System;

Cabin Monitoring System;

Miscellaneous Cabin System.

13.22. INFORMTION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)

The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.

Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems

Aircraft General Information System;

Flight Deck Information System;

Maintenance Information System;

Passenger Cabin Information System;

Miscellaneous Information System.

AG-13-18-B2 3

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

661

Module 14

PROPULSION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

662

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 14. PROPULSION – B2 CATEGORY

14.1. TURBINE ENGINES

(a) AG-14-01a-B2 1

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turbo shaft and turbopropeller engines;

(b) AG-14-01b-B2 2

Electronic Engine control and fuel metering systems (FADEC).

14.2. ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEMS

Exhaust gas temperature / Interstage turbine temperature systems;

Engine speed;

Engine thrust indication: engine pressure ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure, temperature and flow;

Manifold pressure;

Engine torque;

Propeller speed.

AG-14-02-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

663

14.3. STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

Operation of engine start systems and components;

Ignition systems and components;

Maintenance safety requirements.

AG-14-03-B2 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

664

B3 CATEGORY

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

665

Module 1

MATHEMATICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

666

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

1.1. ARITHMETIC

Arithmetical terms and signs,

Methods of multiplication and division,

Fractions and decimals,

Factors and multiples,

Weights, measures and conversion factors,

Ratio and proportion,

Averages and percentages,

Areas and volumes, squares, cubes,

Square and cube roots.

AG-01-01-B1-B2-B3

2

1.2. ALGEBRA

(a) AG-01-02a-B1-B2-B3 2

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions.

(b) AG-01-02b-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

667

Linear equations and their solutions,

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices,

Binary and other applicable numbering systems,

Simultaneous equations,

Second degree equations with one unknown,

Logarithms.

1.3. GEOMETRY

(a) AG-01-3a-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple geometrical constructions.

(b) AG-01-03b-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,

Graphs of equations/functions.

(c) AG-01-3c-B1-B2-B3 1

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

- -

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

668

Module 2

PHYSICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

669

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 2. PHYSICS – B3 CATEGORY

2.1. MATTER

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

AG-02-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

2.2. MECHANICS

2.2.1. Statics AG-02-02-01-A-B2-B3 1

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2. Kinetics AG-02-02-02-A-B2-B3 1

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under

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gravity) ;

Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3. Dynamics

(a) Mass AG-02-02-03a-A-B2-B3 1

Mass, force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency.

(b) Momentum, conservation of momentum AG-02-02-03b-A-B3 1

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles.

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).

2.2.4. Fluid dynamics

(a) AG-02-02-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Specific gravity and density

(b) AG-02-02-04b-A-B2-B3 1

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

Effects of compressibility on fluids ;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, Venturi

2.3. THERMODYNAMICS

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(a) AG-02-03a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Heat definition.

(b) AG-02-03a-B3 1

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Latent heat of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.

2.4. OPTICS (LIGHT)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses, fibre optics.

- -

2.5. WAVE MOTION AND SOUND

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

Interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity,

Pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

- -

- -

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672

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673

Module 3

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

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674

PART-66 Syllabuses

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MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS – B3 CATEGORY

3.1. ELECTRON THEORY

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

AG-03-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.2. STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CONDUCTION

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electro static laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum.

AG-03-02-A-B3

1

3.3. ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

AG-03-03-A-B3 1

3.4. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

AG-03-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

3.5. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

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Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

AG-03-05-B1-B2-B3 1

3.6. DC CIRCUITS

Ohms Law,

Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

AG-03-06-B3 1

3.7. RESISTANCE/RESISTOR

(a) AG-03-07a-B3 1

Resistance and affecting factors

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and

Series parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

(b) - -

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance

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Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8. POWER

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

AG-03-08-B3 1

3.9. CAPACITANCE/CAPACITOR

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types,

Construction and function; Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

AG-03-09-B3 1

3.10. MAGNETISM

(a) AG-03-10a-B3 1

Theory of magnetism;

Properties of a magnet;

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Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field;

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor.

(b) AG-03-10b-B3 1

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11. INDUCTANCE/INDUCTOR

Faraday’s Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength,

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux,

Number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

AG-03-11-B3 1

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;

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Back emf, self induction;

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR THEORY

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator ;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter generator construction.

AG-03-12-B3 1

3.13. AC THEORY

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of the values, in relation voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

AG-03-13-A-B3 1

3.14. RESISTIVE (R), CAPACITIVE (C) AND INDUCTIVE (L) CIRCUITS

Phase relation ship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

AG-03-14-B3 1

3.15. TRANSFORMERS

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

AG-03-15-B3 1

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Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16. FILTERS

Operation, application and uses of the following filters:

Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.

- -

3.17. AC GENERATORS

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses ;

Permanent magnet generators.

AG-03-17-B3 1

3.18. AC MOTORS

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

AG-03-18-B3 1

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680

Module 4

ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

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MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS – B3 CATEGORY

4.1. SEMICONDUCTORS

4.1.1. Diodes

(a) AG-04-01-01a-B3 1

Diode symbols;

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

(b) - -

Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation;

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Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, and Zener diode.

4.1.2. Transistors

(a) AG-04-01-02a-B1-B3 1

Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation;

Transistor characteristics and properties.

(b) - -

Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;

Base, collector and emitter configurations;

Testing of transistors.

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.

Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A,B,C);

Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;

Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.

4.1.3. Integrated circuits

(a) AG-04-01-03a-B1-B3 1

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers.

(b) - -

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;

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Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;

Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;

Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Description and use of printed circuit boards. - -

4.3. SERVOMECHANISMS

(a) - -

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;

Principles of operation and use of following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters.

(b) - -

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow-up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, dead band;

Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;

Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

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684

Module 5

DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

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MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES – B3 CATEGORY

5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. AG-05-01-B3 1

5.2. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

- -

5.3. DATA CONVERSION

Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.

- -

5.4. DATA BUSES

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications;

Aircraft network/Ethernet.

- -

5.5. LOGIC CIRCUITS

(a) AG-05-05a-B3 1

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Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;

Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

(b) - -

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6. BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

(a) - -

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

(b) - -

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multi address instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

5.7. MICROPROCESSORS

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

- -

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5.8. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Operation and use of encoders and decoders;

Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

- -

5.9. MULTIPLEXING

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. - -

5.10. FIBRE OPTICS

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations; couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

- -

5.11. ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including : cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes, liquid crystal display.

AG-05-11-B3 1

5.12. ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.

AG-05-12-B3 1

5.13. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

AG-05-13-B3 1

5.14. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

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Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC - ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

EMI - ElectroMagnetic Interference;

HIRF- High Intensity Radiated Field;

Lightning/lightning protection.

AG-05-14-B3 1

5.15. TYPICAL ELECTRONIC/DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

General arrangement of typical electronic / digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System;

ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring;

EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System;

EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System;

FBW – Fly-By-Wire:

FMS – Flight Management System;

GPS – Global Positioning System;

IRS – Inertial Reference System;

TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System;

IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics;

Cabin systems;

Information systems.

AG-05-15-B3 1

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689

Module 6

MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

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690

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MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE – B3 CATEGORY

6.1. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS - FERROUS

(a) AG-06-01a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloy steels.

(b) AG-06-01b-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.2. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – NON-FERROUS

(a) AG-06-02a-B1-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials.

(b) AG-06-02a-B1-B2-B3 1

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3. AIRCRAFT MATERIALS – COMPOSITE AND NON-METALLIC

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6.3.1. Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric

(a) AG-06-03-01a-B1-B2-B3 2

Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;

Sealant and bonding agents.

(b) AG-06-03-01b-B1-B3 2

The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material.

Repair of composite and non-metallic material.

6.3.2. Wooden structures

Construction methods of wooden airframe structures;

Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;

Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure;

Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures;

The detection of defects in wooden structure;

Repair of wooden structure.

AG-06-03-02-B1-B3 2

6.3.3. Fabric covering

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;

Inspections methods for fabric;

Types of defects in fabric; repair of fabric covering.

AG-06-03-03-B1-B3 2

6.4. CORROSION

(a) AG-06-04a-A-B1-B2-B3 1

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Chemical fundamentals;

Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress.

(b) AG-06-04b-A-B2-B3 2

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5. FASTENERS

6.5.1. Screw threads AG-06-05-01-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimension and tolerances for standard thread used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads

6.5.2. Bolts, studs and screws AG-06-05-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

6.5.3. Locking devices AG-06-05-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4. Aircraft rivets AG-06-05-04-B1-B3 2

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Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification;

Heat treatment.

6.6. PIPES AND UNIONS

(a) AG-06-06a-A-B1-B2-B3 2

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.

(b) AG-06-06b-A-B1-B3 2

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.

6.7. SPRINGS

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. AG-06-07-B2-B3 1

6.8. BEARINGS

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. AG-06-08-A-B3 1

6.9. TRANSMISSIONS

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

AG-06-09-A-B3 1

6.10. CONTROL CABLES

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

AG-06-10-B1-B3 2

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Pulleys and cable system components;

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

6.11. ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

AG-06-11-B1-B2-B3 2

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695

Module 7

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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PART-66 Syllabuses

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MODULE 7B. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES – B3 CATEGORY

7.1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS-AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.

AG-07B-01-B3 3

7.2. WORKSHOP PRACTICES

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship.

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

AG-07B-02-B3 3

7.3. TOOLS

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods.

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

AG-07B-03-B3 3

7.4. AVIONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

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Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. - -

7.5. ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

AG-07B-05-B3 2

7.6. FITS AND CLEARANCES

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

AG-07B-06-B3 2

7.7. ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM (EWIS)

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

AG-07B-07-B3 2

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

Identification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance;

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Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;

EWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.

7.8. RIVETING

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for riveting and dimpling;

Inspection of riveted joints.

AG-07B-08-B3 2

7.9. PIPES AND HOSES

Bending and belling / flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

AG-07B-09-B3 2

7.10. SPRINGS

Inspection and testing of springs. AG-07B-10-B3 1

7.11. BEARINGS

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

AG-07B-11-B3 2

7.12. TRANSMISSIONS

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

AG-07B-12-B3 2

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7.13. CONTROL CABLES

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

AG-07B-13-B3 2

7.14. MATERIAL HANDLING

7.14.1. Sheet metal AG-07B-14a-B3 2

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.14.2. Composite and non-metallic AG-07B-14b-B3 2

Bonding practices;

Environmental conditions

Inspection methods

7.15. WELDING, BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BONDING

(a) AG-07B-15a-B3 2

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

(b) AG-07B-15b-B3 2

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

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7.16. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

(a) AG-07B-16a-B3 2

Centre of gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents.

(b) AG-07B-16b-B3 2

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

7.17. AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / de-fuelling procedures;

De-icing / anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.

AG-07B-17-B3 2

7.18. DISASSEMBLY, INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES

(a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection.

AG-07B-18a-B3 3

(b) AG-07B-18b-B3 2

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

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Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

(c) AG-07B-18c-B3 2

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

(d)

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. AG-07B-18d-B3 2

(e)

Trouble shooting techniques. AG-07B-18e-B3 2

7.19. ABNORMAL EVENTS

(a) AG-07B-19a-B3 2

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

(b) AG-07B-19b-B3 2

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

7.20. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification / release procedures;

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection / Quality Control / Quality Assurance ;

AG-07B-20-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

702

Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

703

Module 8

BASIC AERODYNAMICS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

704

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS – A & B3 CATEGORIES

8.1. PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. AG-08-01-A-B3 1

8.2. AERODYNAMICS

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

AG-08-02-A-B3 1

8.3. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Relation ship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio;

Steady stable flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

AG-08-03-A-B3 1

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

705

Lift augmentation.

8.4. FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). AG-08-04-A-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

706

Module 9B

HUMAN FACTORS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

707

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9B. HUMAN FACTORS – B3 CATEGORY

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09B-01-B3 2

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09B-02-B3 2

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

AG-09B-03-B3 1

Peer pressure;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

708

‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09B-04-B3 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09B-05-B3 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09B-06-B3 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

709

Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

AG-09B-07-B3 2

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09B-08-B3 2

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09B-09-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

710

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 9B. HUMAN FACTORS – B3 CATEGORY

9.1. GENERAL

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy's’ law.

AG-09B-01-B3 2

9.2. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

AG-09B-02-B3 2

9.3. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

Peer pressure;

‘Culture’ issues;

AG-09B-03-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

711

Team working;

Management, Supervision and leadership.

9.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: over load and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

AG-09B-04-B3 2

9.5. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

AG-09B-05-B3 1

9.6. TASKS

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

AG-09B-06-B3 1

9.7. COMMUNICATION

Within and between teams; AG-09B-07-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

712

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

9.8. HUMAN ERROR

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

AG-09B-08-B3 2

9.9. HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

AG-09B-09-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

713

Module 10

AVIATION LEGISLATION

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

714

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – B3 CATEGORY

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AG-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AG-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AG-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS;

Air Operators Certificates;

AG-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

715

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General AG-10-05a-B1-B2-B3 1

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents AG-10-05b-B1-B2-B3 2

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AG-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a)

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections; AG-10-07a-B1-B2-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

716

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) AG-10-07b-B1-B2-B3 1

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements;

Test flights.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

717

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION – B1, B2 & B3 CATEGORIES

10.1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the European Commission;

Role of EASA;

Role of the Member States and the National Aviation Authorities

Regulation (EC) N° 1321/2014 and its implementing rules Regulations (EC) N° 216/2008 and (EC) N° 2042/2003.

Relationships between the various Annexes (Parts) such as Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EO-OPS.

AG-10-01-A-B1-B2-B3 1

10.2. CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

Detailed understanding of Part-66. AG-10-02-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.3. APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Detailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F. AG-10-03-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.4. AIR OPERATIONS

General understanding of EU-OPS;

Air Operators Certificates;

AG-10-04-A-B1-B2-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

718

Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

MEL/CDL;

Documents to be carried on board;

Aircraft placarding (markings).

10.5. CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

(a) General AG-10-05a-B1-B2-B3 1

General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.

(b) Documents AG-10-05b-B1-B2-B3 2

Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;

Certificate of registration;

Noise certificate;

Weight schedule;

Radio station licence and approval.

10.6. CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness;

Detailed understanding of Part-M.

AG-10-06-A-B1-B2-B3 2

10.7. APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (IF NOT

SUPERSEDED BY EU REQUIREMENTS).

(a) AG-10-07a-B1-B2-B3 2

Maintenance programmes, maintenance checks and inspections;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

719

Airworthiness directives;

Service bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum equipment lists, Dispatch Deviation lists.

(b) AG-10-07b-B1-B2-B3 1

Continuing airworthiness;

Minimum equipment requirements – Test flights.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

720

Module 11

TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND

SYSTEMS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

721

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 11C. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – B3 CATEGORY

11C.1. THEORY OF FLIGHT

Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

AG-11C-01-B3 1

11C.2. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL CONCEPTS

(a) AG-11C-02-B3 2

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

722

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision;

Aircraft bonding.

(b) AG-11C-02-B3 2

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting ;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

11C.3. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES

11C.3.1. Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) AG-11C-03-01-B3 1

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and under carriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors and emergency exits : construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Doors and emergency exits : construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices ;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

723

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11C.3.2. Wings (ATA 57) AG-11C-03-02-B3 1

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.

11C.3.3. Stabilizers (ATA 55) AG-11C-03-03-B3 1

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11C.3.4. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) AG-11C-03-04-B3 1

Construction and attachment;

Balancing – mass and aerodynamic.

11C.3.5. Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) AG-11C-03-05-B3 1

Construction;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts.

11C.4. AIR CONDITIONING (ATA 21)

Heating and ventilation systems AG-11C-04-B3 1

11C.5. INSTRUMENT/AVIONIC SYSTEMS

11C.5.1. Instrument Systems (ATA 31) AG-11C-05-01-B3 1

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

724

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11C.5.2. Avionic Systems AG-11C-05-01-B3 1

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11C.6. ELECTRICAL POWER

Batteries installation and operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External / Ground power

AG-11C-06-B3 2

11C.7. EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25)

Emergency equipment requirements; AG-11C-07-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

725

Seats, harnesses and belts.

11C.8. FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)

Portable fire extinguisher. AG-11C-08-B3 2

11C.9. FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection / warning system.

AG-11C-09-B3 3

11C.10. FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

AG-11C-10-B3 2

Longitudinal balance fuel systems. AG-11C-10-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

726

11C.11. HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Filters;

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

AG-11C-11-B3 2

11C.12. ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical ;

Rain repellent;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

AG-11C-12-B3 1

11C.13. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

AG-11C-13-B3 2

Construction, shock absorbing;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

727

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking;

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

11C.14. LIGHTS (ATA 33)

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

AG-11C-14-B3 2

11C.15. OXYGEN (ATA 35)

System lay-out:

cockpit,

cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

AG-11C-15-B3 2

11.16. PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources:

engine / APU,

AG-11C-16-B3 2

compressors, AG-11C-16-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

728

reservoirs,

ground supply;

Pressure and vacuum pumps;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

729

Module 16

PISTON ENGINE

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

730

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE – B3 CATEGORY

16.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;

Operating principles: 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;

Piston displacement and compression ratio;

Engine configuration and firing order.

AG-16-01-B3 2

16.2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Power calculation and measurement;

Factors affecting engine power;

Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

AG-16-02-B3

2

16.3. ENGINE CONSTRUCTION

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;

Accessory gearbox;

Cylinder and piston assemblies;

Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;

AG-15-03-A-B1 2

Valve mechanisms;

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

731

Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4. ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS

16.4.1. Carburettors

Types, construction and principles of operation;

Icing and heating.

AG-16-04-01-B3 2

16.4.2. Fuel injection systems

Types, construction and principles of operation. AG-16-04-02-B3 2

16.4.3. Electronic engine control

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

AG-16-04-03-A-B3 2

16.5. STARTING AND IGNITION YSTEMS

Starting systems, pre-heat systems;

Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;

Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;

Low and high tension systems.

AG-16-05-B3 2

16.6. INDUCTION, EXHAUST AND COOLING SYSTEMS

Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;

Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.

AG-16-06-B3 2

16.7. SUPERCHARGING/TURBOCHARGING

Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters; AG-16-07-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

732

Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;

System terminology;

Control systems;

System protection..

16.8. LUBRICNTS AND FUELS

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

AG-16-08-B3 2

16.9. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

System operation/lay-out and components. AG-16-09-B3 2

16.10. ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEMS

Engine speed;

Cylinder head temperature;

Coolant temperature;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Exhaust Gas Temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Manifold pressure.

AG-16-10-B3 2

16.11. POWERPLANT INSTLLATION

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

AG-16-11-B3 2

16.12. ENGINE MONITORING AND GROUND OPERATIONS

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

733

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer.

AG-16-12-B3 2

16.13. ENGINE STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems. AG-16-13-B3 1

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

734

Module 17

PROPELLER

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

735

PART-66 Syllabuses

Cross-reference

Level

MODULE 17B. PROPELLER – B3 CATEGORY

17B.1. FUNDAMENTALS

Blade element theory;

High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack,

rotational speed;

Propeller slip;

Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;

Torque;

Relative airflow on blade angle of attack; vibration and resonance.

AG-17B-01-B3 2

17B.2. PROPELLER CONSTRUCTION

Construction methods and materials used in composite and metal propellers;

Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;

Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;

Propeller/spinner installation.

AG-17B-02-B3 2

17B.3. PROPELLER PITCH CONTROL

Speed control and pitch change methods;

Feathering and reverse pitch;

AG-17B-03-B3 2

AeroGATES: PART-66 Syllabuses and Cross-references

736

Overspeed protection.

17B.4. PROPELLER SYNCHRONIZING

Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment. AG-17B-04-B3 2

17B.5. PROPELLER ICE PROTECTION

Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. AG-17B-05-B3 2

17B.6. PROPELLER MAINTENANCE

Static and dynamic balancing;

Blade tracking;

Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;

Propeller treatment/repair schemes;

Propeller engine running.

AG-17B-06-B3 2

17B.7. PROPELLER STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Propeller preservation and depreservation AG-17B-07-B3 2

Recommended