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Absolutism and the
English Civil War
James I Charles I
STUART ABSOLUTISM
Charles II James II
RESTORATION
INTERREGNUM
CROMWELL
J I C I C II J II
The Stuarts Kings of England & Scotland
(1603-1688)
Central Issues 1. Enforcement of State Religion
2. King’s Power to Tax
3. Who is Sovereign?
STUART ABSOLUTISM
DIVINE
RIGHT
First Permanent English
Settlement in N. America
(1607)
Virginia Company
Private Investment
The Gunpowder Plot “Guy Fawkes Day”
Anti-Catholic
Holiday
• Remember remember the fifth of
November
Gunpowder, treason and plot.
I see no reason why gunpowder, treason
Should ever be forgot...
CHURCH OF
ENGLAND
Everyone in England must belong to the Church of England.
The King James Bible (1611) • in 1604, a group of Puritans
urged James to support a new English translation of the Bible
• represented the Anglican and Puritan desire to encourage lay people to read the Scriptures
• foundation of Protestant Christianity in the English-speaking world
• the most widely sold version of the Bible
The King James Bible (1611)
“Authorized”
Version
People must read the King’s Bible
Puritans and Separatists
CoE “Too Catholic”
One Doctrine
Two Approaches
CALVINISTS
Puritans Separatists
PURIFY SEPARATE
ANGLICANS
Church of
England
SATISFIED
MORE ABSOLUTISM
Petition of Right (1628)
A declaration of rights passed by Parliament in response to Charles’ abuses of power
• Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629
• Parliament did not meet during this
time
• In 1640, Charles was eventually
presented with an ultimatum that would
have stripped him of all effective
authority; he chose instead to raise an
army, and Parliament did the same
CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADS
Supporters of
the King
Supporters of Parliament
• Charles I beheaded
• END of Stuart
Absolutism
INTERREGNUM Oliver Cromwell
“Lord Protector”
Military Dictatorship
Strict Puritanical Rule
“Between Kings”
Puritans Control Parliament
of the Anglican Church
De-Catholicising
Christmas Cromwell’s Parliament passed
laws to restrict traditional
celebrations of Christmas,
which featured twelve days of
feasting, drinking, and idleness.
Ireland
Cromwell’s invasion of Ireland
Restoration of 1660 -re-established monarchy in Charles II (1660-1685)
James II (1685-1688)
• Return of Catholicism
1689 Bill of Rights (Declaration of Rights)
• Affirmed Parliament’s right to make laws and tax
• Laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy
– constitutionalism
Queen Anne Stuart (Anne I)
1702-1714 • last of the Stuart monarchy
• Act of Union 1707 – brought England and Scotland
together under one parliament, one sovereign, and one flag
– united England and Scotland into Great Britain
– Anne became the first monarch of Great Britain
The Acts of Union are presented to Queen Anne by the Duke of Queensbury in 1707
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