APA documentation style Finding readings & citing them in ......1. Avoid plagiarism and its...

4 & 11 March 2016 Jit Shalin, Professor; Liz Dobson, Librarian

Quick library overview

APA documentation style

Finding readings & citing them in APA style

Media Literacy

1

Today’s class…

PowerPoint and handout are posted

on the library website under

RESEARCH – Library Classes…

LIBRARY HOMEPAGE…

Browse the library website to see

what is on offer!

Your Library Account

You need an active library account to use the library – and to access full text library resources from off-campus. .

Come in person to the Library with your Student Card and staff will activate it for library use. Ashtonbee Library, Room L-202

4

LIBRARY SERVICES…

Guides you likely want to use…

APA Style Guide

&

Articles Search

Assistance Guide

YOUR DOCUMENTED ESSAY

Documenting your sources APA style

7

Which essay pair will you choose?

What “strong central argument”

will you develop?

8

3

Sample arguments for Essay Pair #1

Which is more important: the public good or individual well being when looking at paying taxes and getting

married?

~

Why pay taxes? Why get married?

This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of each, and show how they both

contribute to fulfilling societal needs.

9

Your writing normally includes 3 types of material…

1. Your ideas

2. Your summaries of others’ ideas and facts (“paraphrases”)

3. Quotations from your sources

(MLA Handbook, 2009)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typing#/media/File:Computer_keyboard.png

Why acknowledge your sources?

1. Avoid plagiarism and its penalties.

1. Add weight to your statements by citing authorities that support you views.

2. Enable your readers to pursue the topic further, &/or evaluate your use of others’ work.

When do you not need to acknowledge a source?

• You need to acknowledge the source of an idea unless it is common knowledge in your subject area.

‘The sky is blue” is common knowledge.

When in doubt, cite!

12

APA Style How to cite your sources & format your papers

American Psychological Association

Provides rules and guidelines for citing your sources in-text and in your references list– and formatting (“stylistics”)

14

cc by futureatlas.com

Example of a paraphrase (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)

Marriage in the future will become less central to the lives of

adults.

[Word doc]

You got this statement from a

book, by S. L. Nock

Example of a paraphrase (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)

In-text citation:

Marriage in the future will become less central to the lives of

adults (Nock, 2009, p. 302).

[Word doc]

According to APA, adding page number

is optional for paraphrases -

Centennial Libraries recommends

inclusion

Example of a simple quotation fewer than 40 words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)

In-text citation:

According to some, “marriage in the future will be less central

as a defining event in the life course of adults than it is in the

present” (Nock, 2009, p.302).

[Word doc]

According to APA, adding page number is mandatory when using a quotation.

Example of a simple quotation with fewer than 40 words

(See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)

This variation is also correct.

In-text citation:

Nock believes that “current trends indicate that marriage in the

future will be less central as a defining event in the life course

of adults that it is in the present” (2009, p.302).

[Word doc]

Example of quotation 40 or more words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)

Most research indicates that Americans see marriage as a positive value; for example:

The market generates distinctions based on marital status because those willing

to marry are viewed as more valuable. This has little to do with the law. Indeed, it

contradicts the law. Like the market, countless other social forces are involved in

creating distinctions among people that reflect their marital and parental statuses.

Those who wish to reduce inequalities associated with marital status should be

modest in their expectations about the impact of change on the institution of

American marriage. (Nock, 2009, p. 321)

[Word doc]

References (APA) Listed alphabetically at the end of your paper…

Each reference you cite in-text must appear in the References list, and each entry in the References list must be cited in-text. (APA Manual, p. 174)

20

[Word doc]

Example of a short in-text citation that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178)

Reginald Smithson suggests that “if marriage implies valuable

traits about individuals, then those who are married may enjoy

benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not.”

[Word doc]

You are quoting from Reginald Smithson - who was quoted in

Nock’s book (the book you were

reading.)

Example of a short in-text citation that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178)

In-text citation:

Reginald Smithson suggests that “if marriage implies valuable

traits about individuals, then those who are married may enjoy

benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not” (as cited in

Nock, 2009, p. 300).

[Word doc]

You cite an author (Smith) here. You did

not actually see Smith’s publication. You saw it cited in

Nock’s book that you did read.

Example of a reference that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178)

References

Nock, S.L. (2009). The growing importance of marriage in

America. In H. Peters & C. Dush (Eds.), Marriage

and family : Perspectives and complexities (pp. 301-324).

New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved

from ProQuest ebrary.

[Word doc]

Your reference is for the book chapter you

actually read.

Putting it all together: In-text citation & Reference

Example of a secondary source citation

In-text citation:

Smith suggests that “if marriage implies valuable traits about individuals, then

those who are married may enjoy benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not”

(as cited in Nock, 2009, p. 300).

References list:

Nock, S.L. (2009). The growing importance of marriage in America. In H. Peters

& C. Dush (Eds.), Marriage and family: Perspectives and complexities

(pp. 301-324). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved

from ProQuest ebrary. Pp 301-324.

[Word doc]

What does the APA Publication Manual say about secondary sources?

“Use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in English.”

~ APA Publication Manual, 6th edition, Section 6.17, p. 178

25

26

APA Citation help in library E-

Resources (databases)…

27

APA Citation help in library E-

Resources (databases)…

You need to know the APA rules to

make slight adjustments, if needed.

APA Citation help in Microsoft Word – go to “References” tab, create (Insert) Citations, then

when you have all you need, go to Bibliography

28

29

Tutoring help with APA Style at Centennial’s Centre for Academic English https://www.centennialcollege.ca/mycentennial/your-support/academic-support/centre-for-academic-english/

APA style is also about appearance (format): How important is appearance?

30

Source: http://www.paulaewanich.com/blog/how-to-make-the-

perfect-first-impression-according-to-science Source: http://garychaplin.com/2014/09/18/first-

impressions-13-tips-why-you-should-look-at-your-feet-

when-meeting-someone/

Appearance - if not everything – is important

“Appearance really is everything. I asked over 70 current and aspiring business owners and business leaders a simple question of what the first thing they noticed upon meeting someone for the first time. Non-Appearance answers centred around authenticity, punctuality, hand-shake and energy. But by far the greatest number of answers centred around appearance. Face, smile, eye-contact, body-language, body-shape along with style and appropriateness of dress.”

– Gary Chaplin, Executive Employment Recruiter

31

Source: http://garychaplin.com/2014/09/18/first-impressions-13-tips-why-you-should-look-at-your-feet-when-meeting-someone/

APA format

enhances readability & makes a good impression!

FINDING READINGS & CITING SOURCES

Library & Internet sources

33

34

LIBRARY

Search Everything discovery

tool…

35

LIBRARY

Search Everything discovery tool…

Search with two concepts separated

by AND operator (capitalized)

36

Results list…

Click on the title (or Full Text

link) to get to the article…

37

38

Source: NewsRXHealth

No in-text

references, no References list or bibliography

It’s a magazine

article

39

Who wrote this

article?

40

Citation help in database…

41

Citation help

You need to know the APA rules to

make slight adjustments, if needed.

42

Go to “Abstract/Details” (also

called “Detailed Record” in some

databases) to find the name of the

database article is offered…

43

“Abstract/Details” page …

A one-page magazine article with no issue number and no author from a library database

- cited in APA style

Study finds few well-being advantages to

marriage over cohabitation. (2012). NewsRx

Health, , 20. Retrieved from ProQuest Science

Journals database.

44

45

This time, we want a book on this

subject…

…start again…

46

47

To limit results to books on the

shelf (print/paper)…

… limit your results by LIBRARY

LOCATION

48

Book in print format – cited in APA style

Waite, L.J. (2001). The case for marriage: Why

married people are happier, healthier, and

better off financially. New York, NY:

Broadway Books.

49

50

INTERNET

Google keyword search

51

INTERNET

Google search – with natural

language and using quotation

marks to lock in a phrase…

52

A publication on the Internet….

..written by Andrew Hess and Glenn

T. Stanton

Is it a report?

https://www.focusonthefamily.com/about_us/focus-findings/marriage/health-benefits-of-marriage.aspx

53

…it was published September 2012

54

The PDF version…

Looks like it is a “MEMO”, one in a

series of ongoing publications

Is it a newsletter or magazine?

http://media.focusonthefamily.com/fotf/pdf/about-us/focus-findings/marriage-health.pdf

Newsletter on the Internet - cited in APA style

Hess, A., & Stanton, G.T. (2012, September). The health benefits

of marriage. Focus on the Family Findings MEMO. Retrieved

from http://media.focusonthefamily.com/fotf/pdf/about-

us/focus-findings/marriage-health.pdf

55

With Internet sources, you

often need to use your judgment on

how to cite.

56

LIBRARY

Articles Search Assistance Guide - advice on how to use Centennial

Libraries’ search tools, and how to find

scholarly articles on the Internet

57

Media Literacy

On journalism and democracy…

Freedom of speech

and freedom of the press

are essential to a healthy

democracy. ~ Robert McChesney

58

Image source: http://www.mediaed.org/cgi-

bin/commerce.cgi?preadd=action&key=118

Part 2: 12:44 –

http://centennialcollege.kanopystreaming.com.eztest.ocls.ca/vide

o/rich-media-poor-democracy

59

Canadians increasingly are using the

Internet, rather than newspapers and

television for their news. (2016)

Source:

Spotlight on Canadians: Results from the General Social Survey

The use of media to follow news and current affairs

logo for General Social Survey

Release date: February 15, 2016

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-652-x/89-652-x2016001-

eng.htm

60

70% of Canadians surveyed in 2013 use

social networking sites – most popular

among young people aged 15-24. Source: Statistics Canada. General Social Survey: Social identity, 2013. Retrieved from

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/141223/dq141223b-eng.htm

How do Canadians get “the news” on

the Internet – through social

networking sites??

61

A recent study (2015) on American

Facebook and Twitter users and the

news: 63% of people in the United

States use Facebook and Twitter

increasingly as a source of

news…

(Is there a similar study for Canadian

Facebook & Twitter users and the

news?)

http://www.journalism.org/2015/07/14/the-evolving-role-of-news-on-twitter-and-facebook/

How do Americans get “the news” on

the Internet – through social

networking sites??

62

What we do know…

How Facebook News Feeds work

They are customized – you get news

that Facebook thinks you will ‘like’

(based on your profile and track

record).

https://www.facebook.com/business/news/News-Feed-FYI-A-Window-Into-News-Feed

US Facebook users complain that they did not get the news about the Ferguson riots

63

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest

How does Facebook see us?

How do we see

ourselves?

Individual consumers with desires that need

to be met, or

members of a wider community

with social concerns?