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4 & 11 March 2016 Jit Shalin, Professor; Liz Dobson, Librarian
Quick library overview
APA documentation style
Finding readings & citing them in APA style
Media Literacy
1
Today’s class…
PowerPoint and handout are posted
on the library website under
RESEARCH – Library Classes…
LIBRARY HOMEPAGE…
Browse the library website to see
what is on offer!
Your Library Account
You need an active library account to use the library – and to access full text library resources from off-campus. .
Come in person to the Library with your Student Card and staff will activate it for library use. Ashtonbee Library, Room L-202
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LIBRARY SERVICES…
Guides you likely want to use…
APA Style Guide
&
Articles Search
Assistance Guide
YOUR DOCUMENTED ESSAY
Documenting your sources APA style
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Which essay pair will you choose?
What “strong central argument”
will you develop?
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Sample arguments for Essay Pair #1
Which is more important: the public good or individual well being when looking at paying taxes and getting
married?
~
Why pay taxes? Why get married?
This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of each, and show how they both
contribute to fulfilling societal needs.
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Your writing normally includes 3 types of material…
1. Your ideas
2. Your summaries of others’ ideas and facts (“paraphrases”)
3. Quotations from your sources
(MLA Handbook, 2009)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typing#/media/File:Computer_keyboard.png
Why acknowledge your sources?
1. Avoid plagiarism and its penalties.
1. Add weight to your statements by citing authorities that support you views.
2. Enable your readers to pursue the topic further, &/or evaluate your use of others’ work.
When do you not need to acknowledge a source?
• You need to acknowledge the source of an idea unless it is common knowledge in your subject area.
‘The sky is blue” is common knowledge.
When in doubt, cite!
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APA Style How to cite your sources & format your papers
American Psychological Association
Provides rules and guidelines for citing your sources in-text and in your references list– and formatting (“stylistics”)
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cc by futureatlas.com
Example of a paraphrase (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)
Marriage in the future will become less central to the lives of
adults.
[Word doc]
You got this statement from a
book, by S. L. Nock
Example of a paraphrase (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)
In-text citation:
Marriage in the future will become less central to the lives of
adults (Nock, 2009, p. 302).
[Word doc]
According to APA, adding page number
is optional for paraphrases -
Centennial Libraries recommends
inclusion
Example of a simple quotation fewer than 40 words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)
In-text citation:
According to some, “marriage in the future will be less central
as a defining event in the life course of adults than it is in the
present” (Nock, 2009, p.302).
[Word doc]
According to APA, adding page number is mandatory when using a quotation.
Example of a simple quotation with fewer than 40 words
(See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)
This variation is also correct.
In-text citation:
Nock believes that “current trends indicate that marriage in the
future will be less central as a defining event in the life course
of adults that it is in the present” (2009, p.302).
[Word doc]
Example of quotation 40 or more words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171)
Most research indicates that Americans see marriage as a positive value; for example:
The market generates distinctions based on marital status because those willing
to marry are viewed as more valuable. This has little to do with the law. Indeed, it
contradicts the law. Like the market, countless other social forces are involved in
creating distinctions among people that reflect their marital and parental statuses.
Those who wish to reduce inequalities associated with marital status should be
modest in their expectations about the impact of change on the institution of
American marriage. (Nock, 2009, p. 321)
[Word doc]
References (APA) Listed alphabetically at the end of your paper…
Each reference you cite in-text must appear in the References list, and each entry in the References list must be cited in-text. (APA Manual, p. 174)
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[Word doc]
Example of a short in-text citation that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178)
Reginald Smithson suggests that “if marriage implies valuable
traits about individuals, then those who are married may enjoy
benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not.”
[Word doc]
You are quoting from Reginald Smithson - who was quoted in
Nock’s book (the book you were
reading.)
Example of a short in-text citation that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178)
In-text citation:
Reginald Smithson suggests that “if marriage implies valuable
traits about individuals, then those who are married may enjoy
benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not” (as cited in
Nock, 2009, p. 300).
[Word doc]
You cite an author (Smith) here. You did
not actually see Smith’s publication. You saw it cited in
Nock’s book that you did read.
Example of a reference that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178)
References
Nock, S.L. (2009). The growing importance of marriage in
America. In H. Peters & C. Dush (Eds.), Marriage
and family : Perspectives and complexities (pp. 301-324).
New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved
from ProQuest ebrary.
[Word doc]
Your reference is for the book chapter you
actually read.
Putting it all together: In-text citation & Reference
Example of a secondary source citation
In-text citation:
Smith suggests that “if marriage implies valuable traits about individuals, then
those who are married may enjoy benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not”
(as cited in Nock, 2009, p. 300).
References list:
Nock, S.L. (2009). The growing importance of marriage in America. In H. Peters
& C. Dush (Eds.), Marriage and family: Perspectives and complexities
(pp. 301-324). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved
from ProQuest ebrary. Pp 301-324.
[Word doc]
What does the APA Publication Manual say about secondary sources?
“Use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in English.”
~ APA Publication Manual, 6th edition, Section 6.17, p. 178
25
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APA Citation help in library E-
Resources (databases)…
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APA Citation help in library E-
Resources (databases)…
You need to know the APA rules to
make slight adjustments, if needed.
APA Citation help in Microsoft Word – go to “References” tab, create (Insert) Citations, then
when you have all you need, go to Bibliography
28
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Tutoring help with APA Style at Centennial’s Centre for Academic English https://www.centennialcollege.ca/mycentennial/your-support/academic-support/centre-for-academic-english/
APA style is also about appearance (format): How important is appearance?
30
Source: http://www.paulaewanich.com/blog/how-to-make-the-
perfect-first-impression-according-to-science Source: http://garychaplin.com/2014/09/18/first-
impressions-13-tips-why-you-should-look-at-your-feet-
when-meeting-someone/
Appearance - if not everything – is important
“Appearance really is everything. I asked over 70 current and aspiring business owners and business leaders a simple question of what the first thing they noticed upon meeting someone for the first time. Non-Appearance answers centred around authenticity, punctuality, hand-shake and energy. But by far the greatest number of answers centred around appearance. Face, smile, eye-contact, body-language, body-shape along with style and appropriateness of dress.”
– Gary Chaplin, Executive Employment Recruiter
31
Source: http://garychaplin.com/2014/09/18/first-impressions-13-tips-why-you-should-look-at-your-feet-when-meeting-someone/
APA format
enhances readability & makes a good impression!
FINDING READINGS & CITING SOURCES
Library & Internet sources
33
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LIBRARY
Search Everything discovery
tool…
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LIBRARY
Search Everything discovery tool…
Search with two concepts separated
by AND operator (capitalized)
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Results list…
Click on the title (or Full Text
link) to get to the article…
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Source: NewsRXHealth
No in-text
references, no References list or bibliography
It’s a magazine
article
39
Who wrote this
article?
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Citation help in database…
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Citation help
You need to know the APA rules to
make slight adjustments, if needed.
42
Go to “Abstract/Details” (also
called “Detailed Record” in some
databases) to find the name of the
database article is offered…
43
“Abstract/Details” page …
A one-page magazine article with no issue number and no author from a library database
- cited in APA style
Study finds few well-being advantages to
marriage over cohabitation. (2012). NewsRx
Health, , 20. Retrieved from ProQuest Science
Journals database.
44
45
This time, we want a book on this
subject…
…start again…
46
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To limit results to books on the
shelf (print/paper)…
… limit your results by LIBRARY
LOCATION
48
Book in print format – cited in APA style
Waite, L.J. (2001). The case for marriage: Why
married people are happier, healthier, and
better off financially. New York, NY:
Broadway Books.
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INTERNET
Google keyword search
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INTERNET
Google search – with natural
language and using quotation
marks to lock in a phrase…
52
A publication on the Internet….
..written by Andrew Hess and Glenn
T. Stanton
Is it a report?
https://www.focusonthefamily.com/about_us/focus-findings/marriage/health-benefits-of-marriage.aspx
53
…it was published September 2012
54
The PDF version…
Looks like it is a “MEMO”, one in a
series of ongoing publications
Is it a newsletter or magazine?
http://media.focusonthefamily.com/fotf/pdf/about-us/focus-findings/marriage-health.pdf
Newsletter on the Internet - cited in APA style
Hess, A., & Stanton, G.T. (2012, September). The health benefits
of marriage. Focus on the Family Findings MEMO. Retrieved
from http://media.focusonthefamily.com/fotf/pdf/about-
us/focus-findings/marriage-health.pdf
55
With Internet sources, you
often need to use your judgment on
how to cite.
56
LIBRARY
Articles Search Assistance Guide - advice on how to use Centennial
Libraries’ search tools, and how to find
scholarly articles on the Internet
57
Media Literacy
On journalism and democracy…
Freedom of speech
and freedom of the press
are essential to a healthy
democracy. ~ Robert McChesney
58
Image source: http://www.mediaed.org/cgi-
bin/commerce.cgi?preadd=action&key=118
Part 2: 12:44 –
http://centennialcollege.kanopystreaming.com.eztest.ocls.ca/vide
o/rich-media-poor-democracy
59
Canadians increasingly are using the
Internet, rather than newspapers and
television for their news. (2016)
Source:
Spotlight on Canadians: Results from the General Social Survey
The use of media to follow news and current affairs
logo for General Social Survey
Release date: February 15, 2016
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-652-x/89-652-x2016001-
eng.htm
60
70% of Canadians surveyed in 2013 use
social networking sites – most popular
among young people aged 15-24. Source: Statistics Canada. General Social Survey: Social identity, 2013. Retrieved from
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/141223/dq141223b-eng.htm
How do Canadians get “the news” on
the Internet – through social
networking sites??
61
A recent study (2015) on American
Facebook and Twitter users and the
news: 63% of people in the United
States use Facebook and Twitter
increasingly as a source of
news…
(Is there a similar study for Canadian
Facebook & Twitter users and the
news?)
http://www.journalism.org/2015/07/14/the-evolving-role-of-news-on-twitter-and-facebook/
How do Americans get “the news” on
the Internet – through social
networking sites??
62
What we do know…
How Facebook News Feeds work
They are customized – you get news
that Facebook thinks you will ‘like’
(based on your profile and track
record).
https://www.facebook.com/business/news/News-Feed-FYI-A-Window-Into-News-Feed
US Facebook users complain that they did not get the news about the Ferguson riots
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest
How does Facebook see us?
How do we see
ourselves?
Individual consumers with desires that need
to be met, or
members of a wider community
with social concerns?