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BLOOD
Components of Blood• Whole blood
– Red Blood Cells: Transport O2 to cells
– White Blood Cells: Fight pathogens
– Platelets: aid in clotting
• Plasma– 90% water (solvent)– Solutes: Amino acids,
glucose, hormones, vitamins, salts, waste, antibodies
• Antigens:– Proteins that help
identify cells as foreign or natural
– Found on surface of RBCs• Help to determine
your blood type– Analogy:
Antigens are like jerseys
• Antibodies:– Float freely in
plasma – Attack anything
with foreign antigens
ABO Blood Groups
Group A blood
• RBC’s have the A antigens on their surface• B antibodies in your plasma
– only attack invaders with B antigens
What would happen if a virus with B antigens entered your blood?Your B antibodies will attack and kill this virus.
B
antibody
B
antibody
B
antibody
B
antibody
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
Group A blood
• RBC’s have the A antigens on their surface• B antibodies in your plasma
– only attack invaders with B antigens
What would happen if you gave this person type B blood?Your B antibodies will attack, and cause clots to form. This person will die.
B
antibody
B
antibody
B
antibody
B
antibody
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
Group B blood
• RBC’s have B antigens on their surface• A antibodies in your plasma
– only attack invaders with A antigens
What would happen if a virus with A antigens invaded your blood?The A antibodies would attack and kill the virus.
A
antibody
A
antibody
A
antibody
A
antibody
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
Group B blood
• RBC’s have B antigens on their surface• A antibodies in your plasma
– only attack invaders with A antigens
What would happen if this person was given type A blood during a transfusion?
Their A antibodies would attack the donated blood, causing blood clots. This person would die.
A
antibody
A
antibody
A
antibody
A
antibody
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
Group AB blood
• RBC’s have both A & B antigens on their surface
• Neither A nor B antibodies in your plasma
What would happen if this person was invaded by the viruses below?They do not have antibodies to attack these viruses.
Vein
Can you predict the antibodies they will have?
Group AB blood
• RBC’s have both A & B antigens on their surface
• Neither A nor B antibodies in your plasma
What would happen if you gave this person type A blood?
Nothing bad would happen. They have no antibodies to attack this blood.
What would happen if you gave this person type B blood?
Nothing bad would happen. They have no antibodies to attack this blood.
Vein
Group O blood
• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma
– will attack invaders with A or B antigensB
antibody
B
antibody
What would happen if this person was invaded by the viruses below?The antibodies would attack and kill the viruses.
A
antibody
A
antibody
Can you predict the antibodies they will have?
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
Group O blood
• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma
– will attack invaders with A or B antigensB
antibody
B
antibody
What would happen if you gave this person type A blood?
The A antibodies will attack, causing blood clots. This person will die.
A
antibody
A
antibody
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
Group O blood
• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma
– will attack invaders with A or B antigens
What would happen if you gave this person type B blood?
The B antibodies will attack, causing blood clots. This person will die.
A
antibody
A
antibody
B
antibody
B
antibody
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
Group O blood
• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma
– will attack invaders with A or B antigens
What would happen if you gave this person type AB blood?Both the A and B antibodies will attack, causing blood clots. This person will die.
A
antibody
A
antibody
B
antibody
B
antibody
Vein
Key Point:
Antibodies attack antigens
If you have type A blood, can you receive:
Type A blood?
Type B blood?
Type AB blood?
Type O blood?
B antibodies will attack any blood with B antigens.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Quick Questions
If you have type B blood, can you receive:
Type B blood?
Type A blood?
Type AB blood?
Type O blood?
A antibodies will attack any blood with A antigens.
Yes
No
No
Yes
If you have type AB blood, can you receive:
Type AB blood?
Type A blood?
Type B blood?
Type O blood?
They have neither A nor B antibodies.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
If you have type O blood, can you receive:
Type O blood?
Type A blood?
Type B blood?
Type AB blood?
A antibodies will attack any blood with A antigens.B antibodies will attack any blood with B antigens.
No
No
No
Yes
Rh Factors• If Rh+
– Cells contain the Rh antigen (jersey)
– Blood contains Rh antibody
– Can receive Rh+ or Rh- blood
• If Rh-– Cells lack the Rh
antigen, but…– Blood contains Rh
antibody– Only receive Rh-
blood
Blood type B+
Which antigens does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Which antibodies does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Practice problem
Blood type AB+
Which antigens does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Which antibodies does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Practice problem
Blood type O+
Which antigens does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Which antibodies does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Practice problem
Blood type AB-
Which antigens does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Which antibodies does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Practice problem
Blood type O-
Which antigens does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Which antibodies does this person have?
A
B
Rh
Practice problem
Scenario OneFrancis was just in a bad accident and lost a lot of blood.
He is blood type B+. Can you help save him?
Blood type B+
Antigens: Which does he have?
A
B
Rh
Antibodies: Which does he have?
A
B
Rh
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
No.
Can he receive B+ blood?
Yes.
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given B+ blood in a transfusion…
Vein
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given B- blood in a transfusion…
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
No.
Can he receive B- blood?
Yes.
Vein
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given A+ blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes.
Can he receive A+ blood?
No.
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Vein
Agglutination: clumping of the
blood
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given A- blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes.
Can he receive A- blood?
No.
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Vein
Agglutination: clumping of the
blood
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given AB+ blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes.
Can he receive AB+ blood?
No.
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Vein
Agglutination: clumping of the
blood
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given AB- blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes.
Can he receive AB- blood?
No.
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Vein
Agglutination: clumping of the
blood
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given O+ blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
No.
Can he receive O+ blood?
Yes.
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Vein
Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given O- blood in a transfusion…
A antibody
A antibody
A antibody
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
No.
Can he receive O- blood?
Yes.
Vein
Key Point:
A antibodies only attack A antigens
Scenario TwoSebastian was just involved in an accident at work and
lost a lot of blood. He is blood type A-. Can you help save him?
Blood type A-
Antigens: Which does he have?
A
B
Rh
Antibodies: Which does he have?
A
B
Rh
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given A- blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
No.
Can he receive A- blood?
Yes.
B antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Vein
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given A+ blood in a transfusion…
B antibody
B antibody
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes. But only the Rh antibodies will attack.
Can he receive A+ blood?
No.
B antibody
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
Vein
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given B- blood in a transfusion…
Rh antibody
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes. But only the B antibodies will attack.
Can he receive B- blood?
No.
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
B antibody
B antibody
Vein
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given B+ blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes.
Can he receive B+ blood?
No.
B antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Vein
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given AB- blood in a transfusion…
Rh antibody
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes. But only the B antibodies attack.
Can he receive AB- blood?
No.
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
B antibody
B antibody
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Vein
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given AB+ blood in a transfusion…
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes.
Can he receive AB+ blood?
No.
B antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Vein
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given O+ blood in a transfusion…
B antibody
B antibody
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
Yes. But only the Rh antibodies will attack.
Can he receive O+ blood?
No.
B antibody
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Vein
Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given O- blood in a transfusion…
B antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Will his antibodies attack this blood?
No. His A antibodies only attack A antigens.
Can he receive O- blood?
Yes.
Rh antibody
Rh antibody
B antibody
Key Point:
B antibodies attack B antigens
Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens
Vein
1) Can this work?
• Acceptor
O-
• Donor
AB-
No! The acceptor has A & Bantibodies. Their antibodies would attack the A & B antigensof the donated blood.
Practice problem
2) Can this work?
• Acceptor
A+
• Donor
A-
Yes! The acceptor only hasRh antibodies. Since the donatedblood has no Rh antigens, this is safe.
Practice problem
3) Can this work?
• Acceptor
AB-
• Donor
B-
Yes! The acceptor has the Rhantibodies. There are no Rh antigenson the donated blood.
Review1) What are the components found inside blood?
2) What are the ingredients of plasma?
3) What is the purpose/function of RBCs?
4) Which part of blood stop bleeding when cut?
5) What do antibodies bind with?
6) If a person has type AB-, which antigens do they possess? Which antibodies?
7) If a person has type O+, which antigens do they possess? Which antibodies?
8) If a person is type A-, list all the blood types this person can receive in a transfusion.
9) If a person is type O-, list all the blood types this person can receive in a transfusion.
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