Discovering Computers Chapter 8 System software Part 1 Operating Systems

Discovering Computers

Chapter 8 System software

Part 1 Operating Systems

2

Ch 4Processor

Control Unit

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

InputDevices

Ch 5

StorageDevices

Ch 7

OutputDevices

Ch 6

MemoryData

Information

InstructionsData

Information

InstructionsData

Information

Control Unit

Ch 1 – IntroductionCh 2 – Internet & WWWCh 3 – Application Software

Ch 8 – System Software

3

SoftwareInstructions that

tell hardware what tasks to do, control

and assist the execution of tasks

HardwareElectronic and

mechanical equipment

What are hardware and software?

What is software ( SW )?

Programs that control and assist the operations of the computer – System Software

Programs that perform specific tasks for users – Application Software

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What is system software?Programs that control the operations of the

computer and its devices

Operating System (OS)

Utility Programs

To facilitate communications

To support personal business, education

To serve as productivity

business tool

To assist with graphics and multimedia

projects

Application Software

What is OS?

Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform)

coordinates all activities among computer

hardware resources

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Operating System coordinates all the activities

Start and shut down a

computer

Provide a user interface

Schedule

jobs

Manage memory

Manage programs

Work with devices

Work with networks

Monitor performance

Organize and manage files

Automatic

updatesControl the computer

Administer security

What are the functions of an operating system?

administer security

start (boot) the computer

manage memory

configure devices

control a network

provide a user interface

manage programs

provide file management

establish an Internet connection

schedule jobs

Internet connections

What is booting?

Bringing in the kernel of OS

Learning about resources

Checking the resources

Displaying the desktop

Starting a computer

Three shut down options

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Shut down closes all, forgets

everything, powers off

Sleep mode saves any open documents, turns off all

unneeded functions

Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a

hard disk before removing power from the computer

What is a user interface?

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen

Provides tools and means to tell the computer what to do and for the computer to tell you what is going on.

What is the command-line user interface?

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

User interacts with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects

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Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program

How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Jobs have to be scheduled for execution To be scheduled they have to be assigned by OS all required by them resources

A job is an operation having an input, an output, and a meaningful function

How does OS manages programs?

Gives programs time according to their priorities –

Preemptive by priorities

Gives each program a slice of time –

Preemptive by quantum

Expects programs to cooperate – Cooperative OS

What is memory management? Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is

allocated to function as RAM

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A device driver is a small program that tells

the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

Plug and Play automatically

configures new devices as you install them

What is spooling? Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer

How do you establish an Internet connection?

Operating system includes Connect to a network wizard, that guides the user through setting up connection between computer and Internet service provider

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A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

What are the functions of an operating system?start the computer: booting, BIOS, kernel, resources detection & test

provide a user interface: command-line, GUI

schedule jobs: waiting, ready, running

manage programs: cooperative, preemptive, quantum, priorities

manage memory

configure devices: device drivers

organize file system

connect to the Internet

control a network

administer security

Discovering Computers

Ch 8System software

Operating Systems - continued

Stand-alone

Categories of operating systems?

Embedded Network

The machineGroup of computers, the computer and the user

The computer and the user

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Stand-alone operating systems

Windows 7

Windows Vista

Windows XP

Linux Mac OS X

Chrome OS

UNIX

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Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions:

Windows 7 Starter

Windows 7 Home

Premium

Windows 7 Ultimate

Windows 7 Professional

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Windows 7 provides programs such as:

Windows Firewall

Windows DVD Maker

Windows Media Player

Desktop Gadget Gallery

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Windows versions

Windows Version Year Released

Windows 3.x 1990

Windows 95 1995

Windows 98 1998

Windows Millennium 2000

Windows XP 2001

Windows Vista 2006

Windows 7 2009

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The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use

Latest version is Mac OS X

What is Mac OS X? Available only for computers manufactured

by Apple Integration of SW and HW Macintosh operating

system has been model for most GUIs

What is UNIX? Used by power users because of its flexibility

and power

What is Linux? Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Open-source softwaree

Code is available to public

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Network Operating Systems

Windows Server 2008 UNIX

Linux Solaris

Allows users to share resources on a network

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Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network

A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

A network administrator uses the server operating system to:

Add and remove users, computers, and other devices

Install software and administer network security

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An embedded operating system are for mobile devices or consumer electronic deviceWindows Embedded

CE

Windows Mobile Palm OS

iPhone OS Blackberry Embedded Linux

Symbian OS Android

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Ch 8System softwareUtility Programs

What is a utility program?

System software that performs maintenance-type tasks

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System software provides users with the capability of:

Managing files

Searching for files

Viewing images

Securing a computer

Uninstalling programs

Cleaning up disks

Defragmenting disks

Diagnosing problems

Backing up files and

disks

Setting up screen savers

What is a file manager? Windows Explorer

Performs functions related to file management

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A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management

Displaying a list of files Organizing files in folders Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and

sorting files and folders Creating shortcuts

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A personal firewall detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions

What is an uninstaller?

For Windows Vista it is

in the Control PanelRemoves a

program and all associated files

What is a disk scanner?

Searches for and removes unnecessary files

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A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files

Downloaded programfiles

Temporary Internetfiles

Deleted files Unused program

files

What is a disk defragmenter?

Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster

What is a diagnostic utility?

Compiles technical information about hardware and software

Prepares report outlining problems

Performance monitor assesses and reports about system resources and devices

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A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium

A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form

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A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time

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A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer

negatively

A worm copies itself repeatedly in memory or

over a network

A Trojan horse hides

within or looks like a legitimate program

An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses

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What is an antivirus program? Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage

media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently

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Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s

knowledge that secretly collects information about the user

• A spyware remover detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs

Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or

pop-up window

• An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware

Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed

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Web filters

Anti-spam

programs

Phishing filters

Pop-up blockers

What is a file compression utility?

Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance

Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Two popular utilities:

PKZIP and WinZip

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A search utility attempts to locate a file based on criteria you specify

What is a media player?

Allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer

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Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc

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A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance

Popular Utility Programs

AntivirusProgram

PersonalFirewall

SpywareRemover

InternetFilters

FileManager

FileCompression

BackupMediaPlayer

CD/DVDBurning

PCMaintenance

Popular Utility Programs

UninstallerDisk

scanner

Disk defragmenter

DiagnosticUtility

Performance monitor

Screen saver

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