Domain Archaea

Domain Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Phyla

• Crenarchaeota• Euryarchaeota• Korarchaeota• Nanoarchaeota• Thaumarchaeota

Archaebacteria

– Archea – means ancient– Unicellular– Prokaryotes

• No membrane bound organelles• No organized nucleus

Cell Structure• Cell membrane

consists of a phospholipid bilayer

• The types of lipids are significantly different from all other membranes

• Most Archaebacteria have a cell wall that provides protection

• Move using flagella

Cell Structure

• Have many different shapes– Spherical– Rod shaped– Spiral– Flat– Needle like

Metabolism

• Heterotrophs– Lithotrophs – inorganic compounds– Organotrophs – organic compounds

• Autotrophs– Phototrophs – use light to make food for

energy

EnvironmentArchaea are microbes. Most live in extreme environments. These are called extremophiles. Other Archaea species are not extremophiles and live in ordinary temperatures and salinities. Some even live in your guts!

Environment Methanogens – produce methane

Thermophile - love heatwould probably freeze to death at ordinary room temperature.

Halophiles – love salt, called hypersaline environments

RespirationObligate anaerobe – must NOT have oxygen

Obligate aerobe - must have oxygen

Faculative anaerobe – can have oxygen or not

ReproductionAsexual reproduction – called binary fission

Conjugation – mixing DNA between two cells

Domain Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

Phyla

• Grouped based on qualities of their shape and membrane structure

• More than 20 different Phyla

Eubacteria

• Eu - means True• Unicellular• Prokaryotes

– No membrane bound organelles– No organized nucleus

Cell Structure• Cell membrane

consists of a phospholipid bilayer

• Many Eubacteria have a cell wall that provides protection

• Move using flagella

Cell Structure

• Have three different shapes

• Cocci– spherical

• Bacilli– Rod shaped

• Spirilla– Spiral

Cell Structure

• Endospore– Created by a bacteria

when conditions become unfavourable

– A hard “shell” surrounding the genetic material

Metabolism

• Heterotrophs– Lithotrophs – inorganic compounds– Organotrophs – organic compounds

• Autotrophs– Phototrophs – use light to make food for

energy

Environment•Bacteria frequently secrete chemicals into their environment in order to modify it favourably

•Live in a variety of environments

RespirationObligate anaerobe – must NOT have oxygen

Obligate aerobe - must have oxygen

Faculative anaerobe – can have oxygen or not

ReproductionAsexual reproduction – called binary fission

Conjugation – mixing DNA between two cells