Erin and Brooke. Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells = BACTERIA It has no true nucleus or...

Erin and Brooke

Prokaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic cells = BACTERIA

• It has no true nucleus or organelles. Instead it just has DNA, RNA, chrosomes, cytoplasm, a cell wall, and cell membrane.

• There are no organelles

The “POOR PRIMITVE PROKARYOTE”

Eukaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic cells are plant, animal, and protist animal cells!!

• Have cell organelles.• Eu = means True• Karyote = cell

The following organelles are all found in Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Membrane

• Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells have cell membranes.

• In the eukaryotic cell membrane is the outmost part of an animal cell, controls what enters and exits in the plant cells (Figure 1).

The Cell Wall

• Like the Cell membrane, the cell wall also is in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

• Cell membranes are found on the outermost part of plant and bacteria cells, they are flat and rigid, are used for support in the cell.

Nucleus

• The nucleus is ONLY found in the Eukaryotic cells.

• It is located in the middle of animal cells

• It contains DNA, controls the activities of the cell, and cellular reproduction.

Ribosomes

• When looking at a picture of a cell you can locate the ribosomes very easily. They are the small dots seen on the endoplasmic reticulum.

• The ribosome contains RNA and produce proteins for the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

• Found in Eukaryotic cells.

• The job of the Golgi is to modify, sort, and package the proteins of the cells. Its is like the cell post office.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Found in Eukaryotic cells.• This type of ER does not

have ribosomes on it so it looks smooth.

• Functions - synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration, drug detoxification, attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins, and steroid metabolism.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

“ER”•Rough ER has Ribosomes attached to it. It looks rough under a microscope.

•Endo = inside

•Plasmic = the plasma

•Reticulum = connector

•Endoplasmic Reticulum – connectors ( like tunnels) found inside the plasma.

Vacuole

• Is found in Eukaryotic cells.

• In plant cells it stores food and is found in the center of the cell.

• It is really BIG and called a Central Vacuole

• It stores water in animal cells and is fairly small.

Chloroplast• Are found in plant

cells (eukaryotic).• They produce

energy/food for the cell using sunlight.

• They are the “Green things” in plant cells.

• Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast.

Mitochondria• Has a double

membrane ( 2 layers)• Known as the

“powerhouse” of the cell.

• Its job is getting energy for the cell which is called respiration .

The “Mighty Mitochondria”

Comparing Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Wall Yes Yes

Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane

Yes Yes

Chromosomes Yes Yes

Cytoplasm or Protoplasm

Yes Yes

Mitochondria No Yes

Ribosomes No Yes

Nucleus No Yes

Vacuoles No Yes

Golgi Bodies No Yes

Chloroplasts No Yes

Plant Cells & Animal Cells are both EukaryotesPlant & Animal Cell Comparisons

Plant Cells Animal Cells

Cell Wall Yes No

Chloroplasts Yes No

Central Vacuole Yes No

Nucleus Yes Yes

Mitochondria Yes Yes

Ribosomes Yes Yes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (both types)

Yes Yes

Golgi Bodies Yes Yes

Cell Membrane Yes Yes

#1.• Study the data below. Which student has correctly

identified the typical characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

THE ANSWER IS….

Student 4!

#2Study the table. Which student correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A. Student 1

B. Student 2

C. Student 3

D. Student 4

THE ANSWER IS….

D!

Which cellular structures are involved in synthesizing and packaging protien?

• A. 1 package protein, and 3 synthesizes protein.

• B. 1 packages protein, and 4 synthesizes protein.

• C. 2 packages protein, and 3 synthesizes protein.

• D. 2 packages protein, and 4 synthesizes protein.

#3.

THE ANSWER IS….

D!

What are the differences between structures 1 and 2?

• A. Ribosomes are produced in structure 1, and DNA is stored in structure 2.

• B. DNA is stored in structure 1, and ribosome are produced in in structure 2.

• C. RNA is stored in structure 1, and DNA is stored in structure 2.

• D. DNA is stored in structure 1, and RNA is stored in structure 2.

#4.

THE ANSWER IS….

A!

What are the similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

#6

THE ANSWER IS….

• They are both cells

• Both have DNA

• Have a cell wall

• Both contain chrosomes.

What is the difference between DNA and RNA??

#7

THE ANSWER IS….

•DNA is a double-stranded

•RNA is single-stranded

TRUE or FALSE…#8

The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle.

THE ANSWER IS….

TRUE!

#9TRUE or FALSE…

A vacuole is a Prokaryotic cell.

THE ANSWER IS…

FALSE!

A cell can't be prokaryotic, but prokaryotic organisms might have vacuoles.

#10

Identify and explain the function of this organelle.

THE ANSWER IS....

Mitochondria; gets energy for the cell.

#11What type of cell is this?

THE ANSWER IS….

Eukaryotic; plant cell.

#12What occurs in Chloroplast?

THE ANSWER IS….

Photosynthesis

#13What is the difference of Rough ER and Smooth ER?

A. Rough = packages lysosomes, Smooth = envelope to the nucleus.

B. Rough = envelope to the nucleus, Smooth = packages lysosomes.

C. Both do the same thing.

THE ANSWER IS….

A!

#14

Which organelles are ribosomes found on?

THE ANSWER IS…

Endoplasmic Reticulum!

#15 What is the difference between the cell wall and the cell membrane?

THE ANSWER IS….

A cell wall is completely permeable and a cell membrane is partially permeable!