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I) Roots of Conflict
A) French & Indian War left England with a large debt
1st direct tax on the colonies that said all documents had to be on officially stamped paper
1) Stamp Act
a) Stamp Act Congress (1765): only colonial legislatures could tax the colonies
2) Townshend Acts
“no taxation without representation”
taxed everyday items
a) boycott
refusing to buy something
3) Tea Act
4) Boston Massacre (1770)
Crispus Attucks
B) Sons of Liberty
C) Committees of Correspondence
resisted the Acts of Parliament
set up by Samuel Adams to keep the colonies informed
D) Boston Tea Party (1773)
E) Minutemen
F) Punishing the Colonies
colonists ready to fight at a moment’s notice
blank search warrants
1) “writs of assistance”
2) Declaratory Act
Parliament ruled the colonies
3) Intolerable Acts: closed the port of Boston, restricted representative government, quartering, & installed a non-elected military governor of Massachusetts (plus the Quebec Act)
Coercive Acts
because of the Boston Tea Party
quartering = putting soldiers in your home
II) Revolution Begins: Lexington & Concord
A) Paul Revere (April 19, 1775)
B) Bunker (Breed’s) Hill: “don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”
inaccurate guns & low ammunition
costly “victory” for British
III) George Washington
commander of the Continental—American—Army who drove the British out of Boston with cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga—brought to him by his artillery commander, Henry Knox
IV) Declaration of Independence
A) Second Continental Congress
message sent to King George III asking for a reconciliation
1) Olive Branch Petition
a) Patriotswanted independence b) Loyalists (Tories)loyal to the crown
B) Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”
C) Committee of Five
1st public call for independence
Phillip Livingston Roger Sherman
John Adams Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
“…unalienable rights…”
“…life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…”
“…consent of the governed…”
John Locke’s Two Treatise of Government
Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory
rights you’re born with that no one can take away
V) Trenton
VI) Saratoga
Washington crossed the Delaware River to defeat the Hessians—German mercenaries—Christmas, 1776
convinced the French to ally with America
VII)
VIII) Valley Forge
French nobleman who fought in Washington’s army
Marquis de Lafayette
winter encampment that has become synonymous with suffering
A) Baron Von Steuben
IX) Monmouth
A) Blacks
largest battle of the war & Washington’s “finest hour” as commander
7-8%
B) Women: “Molly Pitcher”
X) West Point: Hudson River
A) Benedict Arnold’s Treason
key to the continent
XI) Yorktown, VA (1781)
A) General Cornwallis
last major battle of the Revolution
British commander who surrendered at Yorktown
XII) Treaty of Paris, 1783ended the Revolution & gained for America its independence
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