Lampi e impronte dello sport in strada

La progettazione dei “non luoghi”:

esempi di urbanistica partecipata

Antonio Borgogni

Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sport and Health Sciences

University of Cassino

a.borgogni@unicas.it

Surmoderno Postmoderno

Luoghi

Non luoghi

Superluoghi

La presente è una bozza adatta al

solo uso interno del corso "Lampi

e impronte" UISP

The Body and Town Planning

Walking people, social construction

(Goffmann, Lefevbre, De Certau)

La presente è una bozza adatta al solo uso interno del corso

"Lampi e impronte" UISP

Body and Space

Foucault (body and space)

In a Foucauldian perspective, the control of the body is strictly linked to the control of the space which, together with the optimal exploitation of the time, the presence of a continuous surveillance, a strong punishing and regulative power are the crucial elements of the disciplinary system. (ref. Markula, Pringle, 2001)

The discipline is a tactic,

it corresponds to a specific

way of distributing individuals

in the space with the aim to obtain

the best achievable effectiveness.

(Elden, 2007)

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Skate park and free skate

Body and spaces control

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The Participative Processes and Young

People:landmarks

• The participation is one of the elements with which a space can become a place, thus implementing the feeling of belonging of the citizens and influencing the vision and the perception of a space (de Certau 1980, Eichberg 1998), Bale ( 2000, 2002)

• Skeffington Report (1969)

• The seventies

(participation and sustainability – Urbanes Wohnen-Urban Living)

• Towards an urban renaissance (Rogers, 1999, 2005)

• White Paper on Youth (2001)

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The Body and Town Planning

Arnstein, S.

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Ferrara

• Agenda 21

• Third sector

• Good methodology

• Failure

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16-25 26-39 40-60 61-75 > 75 total

Nothing particular 17,8% 23,7% 24,1% 38,1% 41,4% 28,2%

More traffic in the neighbourhood 16,4% 26,0% 20,8% 17,1% 14,3% 20,2%

Less parking space 11,0% 6,5% 6,6% 2,8% 4,3% 5,9%

More noisy young people and scooters 8,2% 4,7% 7,3% 7,7% 7,1% 6,9%

More untidiness 13,7% 11,2% 9,1% 9,9% 11,4% 10,5%

More small criminality 11,0% 16,0% 16,4% 12,2% 11,4% 14,3%

Integration difficulties between

old and new inhabitants 4,1% 7,1% 5,8% 6,1% 5,7% 6,0%

Worsening of services 6,8% 3,0% 7,7% 5,0% 4,3% 5,6%

Other 11,0% 1,8% 2,2% 1,1% 0,0% 2,5%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(n= 434: statistically representative sample of the 10% of the

residents over 16).

Possible negative consequences resulting from the construction of

new buildings in the neighbourhood

FerraraIl corpo va in città®: Barco, the Research

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In your opinion, what good things will these new families bring?

Ferrara Il corpo va in città®: Barco, the Research

16-25 26-39 40-60 61-75 > 75 total

More children 18,2% 29,9% 28,3% 27,6% 32,9% 28,0%

More young people 39,4% 31,2% 28,8% 25,1% 17,7% 28,1%

More people in the park, at the club,

etc. 19,7% 7,0% 8,3% 12,1% 7,6% 10,0%

More relations with neighbours,

mutual help 3,0% 4,5% 4,6% 11,1% 11,4% 6,9%

More services 7,6% 13,4% 12,1% 10,1% 15,2% 11,8%

Getting to know directly

different social situations 6,1% 10,2% 9,2% 6,0% 2,5% 7,5%

Don’t know 4,5% 3,8% 7,1% 7,5% 12,7% 6,9%

Other 1,5% 0,0% 1,7% 0,5% 0,0% 0,8%

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FerraraIl corpo va in città®: Barco, the Research

In your opinion, how are the relations between the inhabitants of the

neighbourhood mainly?

20,50%

21,90%

24,10%

26,20%

0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00%

Don't know

Conflictual relations

Many risk to remain isolated

Good neighbourhood relations

Mainly relations based on indifference

Only relations w ithin restricted circles

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Between which categories of the population are there most difficulties in

communicating and in sharing spaces?

13,30%

57,20%

0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00%

Betw een organised groups

Betw een Italians and

foreigners

Don't know

Betw een young people and

grow n-ups

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In which zones of the neighbourhood people feel unsafe?

21,60%

23,50%

31,30%

0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00% 35,00%

Piazza Emilia

Other 2

Parco Piazza Emilia

Piazzale Goito

Public gardens next to the sports field

Parco Fratelli Rosselli

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Green area F.lli Rosselli

Ferrara Barco District

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FerraraCirc. Zona N-O

- Monitoraggio

- BIKE PARK Mizzana Campound (studio fattibilità)

- Parco degli Uccellini (progettazione partecipata

parco)[1]

- “Play Party & more” [3]

- Parco Scuola Materna (Porotto) [4]

Circ. Zona NORD

-- Monitoraggio

-- Progetto ex Teatro P.zza Buozzi

(studio fattibilità) [13]

- - Laboratori presso “L’Urlo” [14]

Circ. Zona N-E

- Monitoraggio

- Evento “Fe-sta x Baura” [10]

-“Play Party & more” [9]

-rafforzamento centro

“Passaggio a N.E.” [14]

Circ. Zona EST

- Monitoraggio

- Festa Parchino Schiaccianoci

- Mostra fotografica sul parco e

sul quartiere [12]

Circ. Centro Cittadino

-Giornata dell’Arte

-Laboratori presso

“Sonika” [14]

Circ. GAD

- Troupe @ Grattacielo

[5]Circ. Zona SUD

- Monitoraggio

Circ. VIA BOLOGNA

- Troupe @ Carnevale di Via Bologna [6]

- Troupe @ Inaugurazione Covo degli

Adolescenti [6]

- P.zza dei Poeti per la Break Dance

(progettazione) [7]

- “Il quartiere dai miei occhi”

(laboratorio) [8]

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Barcelona

• After Franco dictatorship

• Bottom up participative projects

• Informal appropriation

• Formalized projects

• Processual dimension

• The 2003 Strategic Plan

• The Social research Laboratory of the INEFC

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Plà estratègic

de l’esport de Barcelona, 2003:

Favorecer la utilización del espacio

público para la práctica del deporte

“La práctica deportiva en los espacios públicos contribuye

a convertirlos en un lugar de encuentro y convivencia, al

mismo tiempo que incide positivamente en la calidad de

vida de los ciudadanos y ciudadanas”

Barcelona

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Barcelona Foixarda Climbing Wall

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Barcelona Foixarda Climbing Wall

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III. ELEMENTOS TEÓRICOS

PERSPECTIVA TEÓRICA 1:

Léfèbvre, H. (1976). La production de l’espace

Dimensiones que no siempre coinciden:

Representaciones del espacio

Prácticas espaciales

Espacios de la representación (significados culturales)

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La Foixarda. Montjuïc.

Carretera secundaria y túnel.

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Escalada deportiva

Rocódromo más grande de Europa

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Plaça dels Països Catalans

Representación del

espacio, según

autores.

SantsLa presente è una bozza adatta al

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Prácticas espaciales (skate)

Significados del espacio

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Skate parc Via Favència (Nou Barris)Red amigos adolescentes y jóvenes de deportes

posmodernos

Génesis

Acceso

Características

Instalaciones

Contexto urbano y social

PRECONDICIONES

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Asociación DEH

Kasal de Joves

Roquetes

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Transformación y mantenimiento

(2003)

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Skate in pool

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CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA RED

Adolescentes y jóvenes

Mayoría masculina

“Locales”: Barrio, Barcelona

Visitantes: Barcelona, otras regiones y extranjero

Diversas profesiones y formaciones

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MOVILIDAD

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FUNCIÓN DE LA RED

Pertenecer a un colectivo (identidad)

Relaciones adolescentes y jóvenes hombres. Capital

social

Estilo de vida

Deporte

Turismo

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Case studies:

Barcelona Bon Pastor

(Sant Andreu) Tennis Club

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• Case of informal appropriation of p.s.

• 1992, sportsgrounds

• Lack of participative policies

• Space deteriorated

• 2003, new start up involving inhabitants

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Vandalism

Perception of neighbourhood

unsafety

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Barcelona:Avinguida de l’Estatut

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• High attention to public space

• Public spaces allowing body

expression

• Mix of official and unofficial sport

• Participation, but young people?

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Paris Rive Gauche Project and Bercy

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Finland: Lauttasaari

June 2008 August 2008

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Lauttasaari

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Lauttasaari: children area

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Lauttasaari: youngsters area

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Lauttasaari: youngsters area

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Lauttasaari: connections

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Lauttasaari: wood area

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Lauttasaari: the context

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Lauttasaari: beach area

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Post-modern in a golden, very well offered, cage?: Plug n Play Copenhagen

Body and control of spaces

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Discussion

The study is not ended, it is in a phase of finalization.

It’s very difficult to identify and compare the situations due to the

large number of variables

nonetheless

An ongoing qualitative tentative of comparison is presented in the

next slides.

With reference to several authors (Duverger, 1967; Lijphart, 1971;

Ragin, 1989; Scheuch, 1989; Sartori, 1991;Smelser, 1982 ) we can

call the tentative

“comparative microanalysis of different systems”

as like as

a list of criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of the investigated

projectsLa presente è una bozza adatta al

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Criteria of Monitoring and Evaluation of the Cases

The aim of the research was: to investigate the effectiveness of

experiences of participative planning of public spaces involving

young people in the four study cases

Quality and width of the involvement (e.g methods, ladders)

Time of construction/realization of the interventions

Maintenance of the interventions (both built and social

environments) during the years.

Monitoring

Growth of social awareness (e.g. availability on participating in

participative processes in the future) (Suomi, 1998)

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A tentative of qualitative

comparison of the casesTown

planning

history

concerni

ng public

planning and

general

provisions

(mobility,

facilities) in

the recent

concerning

the body

Current use

(mobility,

sport) and

respect of the

public space

Confidence

and attitude

towards

public

adiministrati

Legislation about

town planning

participative

processes/real

procedures

Participative processes

Adults/YP/Children

Bottom up

Top down

Methods/Technolgies

Results

Processes

BA Relevant

XIX C.

Relevant and

partially

contradictory

Highly

differentiated

and entropic

Critical

confidence

Debate

Allowing Top down

Bottom up

Processual dimension

Informal appropriation

Highly

differentiated

Accomodation

assimilation

FE Relevant

since XV

Relevant

Decreasing in

quality

Disregarded

Not facilitated

confidence

Complaint

Compulsory -

Facilitating for

public

areas/discouraged

Top down

Action-research

Scattered

Unplanned

Standardized

FI Relevant

XIX C.

Relevant Facilitated

Very High

confidence

Facilitating (New

Land’s Law)

Top Down/

Monitoring/

Technology

Effective

Planned

Standardized

PA Highly

relevant

Relevant Facilitated

Attitude to

Discuss

Facilitating (ZAC) Top down/

Monitoring

Effective

Planned

DifferentiatedLa presente è una bozza adatta al

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Provisional Conclusions

There are probably no answers that can be applied throughout Europe. We rely mostly on an intelligent

management of public policies, which have, as their frame, active citizenship, and as a target, real

sustainability of the interventions, expressed in actions to be developed as an ongoing process.

There is a lack of consideration of the processual nature of these kind of projects.

Often the focus of the Public Administration is on the way of contacting the youngsters but more often the

problem and the reason of the failure of a project is due at the lack of connection within the Public

Administration sectors: mainly Youth and Town Planning Sectors

The PA often underestimates the will of youngsters to do concrete thinks like helping in constructing facilities;

sometimes adults don’t take care to inform young people of the building youth centres or playgrounds. There

isn’t, often, any mutual growth, any common change within the group of adults and young people.

An adequate participative environments can be seen as “adapters created between young people and the

rest of the local community” (Gretschel, 2002) and the sense of involvement created as the basis of personal

belonging to the local community.

Working in this perspective, the role of PA needs to change from producers of physical constructions to

provider of involvement services.

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Provisional Conclusions

There is a relevant problem of perception of young people and adolescents

They are considered

- a threaten for the willing/obsession (Camino, 2008) of control of adults/public

administration

- unable to project and plan

This problem is even stronger when talking about public spaces whose control is

crucial for the urban policies

The public space is the object of continuous fighting amongst several strong powers,

public and private

Moreover, the everyday body is object of a very interested attention which push

towards an healthy and athletic body

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The body in the City:

Facilitating Body Processes and youth Participation -

Four European Case Studies.

Conclusions

Good participative projects

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The body in the City:

Facilitating Body Processes and youth Participation -

Four European Case Studies.

Conclusions

Not realized participative projects

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Lampi e impronte dello sport in strada - Legge 383 -...

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