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One More Peek at the Smarter Balanced Assessment System. http://www.smarterbalanced.org /. Ripe Figs. Read through the passage. Then use what you know to answer the questions. Find the others with the same book cover as you and discuss your responses. Text Complexity. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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One More Peek at the Smarter Balanced Assessment System
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http://www.smarterbalanced.org/
Ripe Figs
Read through the passage. Then use what you know to answer the questions.
Find the others with the same book cover as you and discuss your responses.
Text Complexity
Defining Rigor through Research and the Common Core Standards
Outcomes
Define text complexity and describe why it matters
Practice reading complex text and using text-based evidence in discussion
Evaluate text complexity of a non-fiction passage
Identify implications for our work as school and district leaders
Myths about CCSS
Myth #3 The Common Core standards represent a modest change from current practice.
“…several states conducted analyses that found considerable alignment
between them and their current standards. Yet while the content of the
two sets of standards is similar, the level of knowledge and skills the
Common Core calls for is in many respects quite different from what
current standards expect and what schools currently practice.”
Five Myths About the Common Core State Standards
By Robert Rothman
Protocol – part 1
Read Appendix A, pages 2, 3 and top half of 4 Identify a passage that you feel has
implications for your work Identify a back up passage
Three Levels of Text Protocol
1. Form a group of three people
2. Identify a time keeper and a facilitator
3. One person has up to three minutes to:
Level 1- read aloud the passage they selected Level 2 – tell about what he/she thinks about the passage
Level 3 – Tell about the implications for their work
4. The group responds for up to two minutes
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until everyone has shared their passage.
Break http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo0Cazxj_yc
Text Complexity
“The Common Core Standards hinge on students encountering appropriately complex texts at each grade level in order to develop the mature language skills and the conceptual knowledge they need for success in school and life.”
“A survey by the National Association of Manufacturers, Anderson, and the
Center for Workforce Success (2001) found that 80 percent of businesses
had a moderate to serious shortage of qualified candidates, citing poor
reading as a key concern.”
“Another survey, published in 2000, found that 38 percent of job applicants
taking employer-administered tests lacked the reading skills needed for the
jobs for which they applied; this percentage had doubled in four years, not
just because applicants lacked basic skills but also because the reading
requirements for these jobs had increased so rapidly (Center for Workforce
Prevention, 2002).”
Career Readiness
“Based on 2005 ACT-tested high school graduates, it appears that only about half of our nation’s ACT-tested high school students are ready for college-level reading. Unfortunately, the percentage…is substantially smaller in some groups.”“Since 1999, readiness has declined – the current figure of 51 percent is the lowest of the past 12 years.”
College Readiness
All students must be able to comprehend texts of steadily increasing complexity as they progress through school.
What are the current realities in college and career readiness?
ACT, INC. Report (2006)
Key requirement for college and career readiness
As performance on one level increases, so does the performance on the other and to the same degree.
Comprehension Level
As performance on one level increases, so does the performance on the other and to the same degree.
Textual Elements
“Performance on complex texts is the clearest differentiator in reading between students who are more likely to be ready for college and those who are less likely to be ready.”
Text Complexity
Summary of Findings:
Literal and inferential questions No clear differentiator of readiness for college
Textual elements No clear differentiator of readiness for college
Performance with complex text Clear differentiator of readiness for college
Hunt Institute Video Segment 2
The balance between Informational and Literary Texts in K-5
Turn to your elbow partner and discuss what the implications might be. What new things might be required of students?
Overview of Text Complexity
Text complexity is defined by:
Qua
litat
ive
2. Qualitative measures – levels of meaning, structure, language conventionality and clarity, and knowledge demands often best measured by an attentive human reader.
Quantitative
1. Quantitative measures – readability and other scores of text complexity often best measured by computer software.
Reader and Task3. Reader and Task considerations – background knowledge of reader, motivation, interests, and complexity generated by tasks assigned often best made by educators employing their professional judgment.
Where do we find texts in the appropriate text complexity band?
Choose an excerpt of text from Appendix B:
We could...
or…
Use available resources to determine the text complexity of other materials on our own.
A Four-step Process:
Determining Text Complexity
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QuantitativeQ
ualit
ativ
e
Reader and Task
4. Recommend placement in the appropriate text complexity band.
3. Reflect upon the reader and
task considerations.
2. Analyze the qualitative measures of the text.
1. Determine the quantitative measures of the text.
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Measures such as:• Word length• Word frequency• Word difficulty• Sentence length• Text length• Text cohesion
Step 1: Quantitative Measures
Step 1: Quantitative Measures
Lexiles
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The Quantitative Measures Ranges for Text Complexity Gr. Band Old Lexile Lexile Rangle
Aligned to the CC Standards
K - 1 N/A N/A
2 – 3 450 - 725 450 – 790
4 – 5 645 - 845 770 – 980
6 – 8 860 – 1010 955 – 1155
9 – 10 960 - -1115 1080 – 1305
11 - CCR 1070 – 1220 1215 - 1355
Step 1: Quantitative Measures
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Let’s imagine we want to see where a text falls on the quantitative measures “leg” of the text complexity triangle, using the Lexile text measures.
For illustrative purposes, let’s choose Harper Lee’s 1960 novel To Kill a Mockingbird.
Finding a Lexile Measure for Text: http://www.lexile.com/findabook/
Step 1: Quantitative Measures
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Step 1: Quantitative Measures
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Text Complexity Grade Bands
Suggested Lexile Range
Suggested ATOS Book Level Range**
K-1 100L – 500L* 1.0 – 2.5
2-3 450L – 790L 2.0 – 4.0
4-5 770L – 980L 3.0 – 5.7
6-8 955L – 1155L 4.0 – 8.0
9-10 1080L – 1305L 4.6 – 10.0
11-CCR 1215L – 1355L 4.8 – 12.0
Quantitative Measures Ranges for Text Complexity Grade Bands
Kansas Common Core Standards
* The K-1 suggested Lexile range was not identified by the Common Core State Standards and was added by Kansas.
** Taken from Accelerated Reader and the Common Core State Standards, available at the following URL: http://doc.renlearn.com/KMNet/R004572117GKC46B.pdf
Step 1: Quantitative Measures
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Lexile Text Measure:
ATOS Book Level
870L
5.6
Step 1: Quantitative Measures
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For texts not in the Lexile database, consider using the Lexile Analyzer: http://www.lexile.com/analyzer/
• Registration is required (free) http://www.lexile.com/account/register/
• Allows user to receive an “estimated” Lexile score
• Accommodates texts up to 1000 words in length
• Texts of any length can be evaluated using the Professional Lexile Analyzer—educators can upgrade to this tool for free by requesting access http://www.lexile.com/account/profile/access/
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Step 2: Qualitative Measures
Measures such as:• Levels of meaning• Levels of purpose• Structure• Organization• Language
conventionality• Language clarity• Prior knowledge
demands
Step 2: Qualitative Measures
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The Qualitative Measures Rubrics for Literary and Informational Text:
The rubric for literary text and the rubric for informational text allow educators to evaluate the important elements of text that are often missed by computer software that tends to focus on more easily measured factors.
Partner Share
How do the demands for text complexity increase from low to high?
Step 2: Qualitative Measures
Lexile Text Measure:
ATOS Book Level:
870L
5.6
From examining the quantitative measures, we knew:
But after reflecting upon the qualitative measures, we believed:
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Considerations such as:• Motivation• Knowledge and
experience• Purpose for reading• Complexity of task
assigned regarding text
• Complexity of questions asked regarding text
Step 3:Reader and Task Considerations
“Texts can be difficult or easy,
depending on factors inherent
in the text, on the relationship
between the text and the
knowledge abilities of the
reader, and on the activities in
which the reader is engaged…
When too many of these factors
are not matched to a reader’s
knowledge and experience, the
text may be too difficult for
optimal comprehension to
occur.”
Reader & Task Step 3:Reader and Task Considerations
Step 3:Reader andTask Considerations
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The questions included here are largely open-ended questions without single, correct answers, but help educators to think through the implications of using a particular text in the classroom.
Step 4: Recommended Placement
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Based upon all the information—all three legs of the model—the final recommendation for To Kill a Mockingbird is….
Step 4: Recommended Placement
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In this instance, Appendix Bconfirms our evaluation of the novel. To Kill a Mockingbird is placed within the grade 9-10 text complexity band.
Tim Shanahan
“To succeed, we will need to…strive to
identify what makes a book hard and then to
provide the scaffolding and motivation that
would sustain students’ efforts to learn from
such challenging texts.”
Common Core Standards: Are We Going to Lower the Fences or Teach Kids to Climb? Thursday, October 13, 2011
Step 4: Recommended Placement
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Template for Text Complexity Analysis and Recommended
Placement Form:
Appendix B: Text Exemplars
Go to pages 4-13 in Appendix B. Locate where to find Informational Text exemplars for your grade level/content area.
Then, take a look at those exemplars.
Hunt Institute Video Segment 3
Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects
Peruse through pages 60-66 of your ELA CCSS. What are your observations? What are the implications for Social Studies
and Science Teachers?
Wrap Up
1. Exit Slip – Readiness to Implement Survey
2. Clock Hours Feedback Form
3. Clock Hours
Research Base
ACT, INC. Report (2006)
Common Core State Standards (2010)
National Reading Panel Report (2000)
Publishers’ Criteria for the Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts and Literacy Grades K-2 and Grades 3-12 (2011)
RAND Report: Reading for Understanding: Toward an R&D Program in Reading Comprehension (Snow, 2002)
Reading in the Disciplines: The Challenge of Adolescent Literacy (Lee & Spratley, 2010)
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