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Preparing for Flood Hazard Management: The CADM experience. CADM Regional Team. Many disasters, such as earthquake, Tsunami and hurricane, taking place all over the world!. Disasters. Floods : Hazards to tackle with priority in the Caribbean. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Preparing for Flood Hazard Management:
The CADM experience
CADM Regional Team
Disasters
Many disasters, such as earthquake, Tsunami and
hurricane, taking place all over the
world!
Floods : Hazards to tackle with priority in the Caribbean
Floods are the most common, frequent and serious hazards
among all disasters in the Caribbean.
Flood hazard management
Early warning system
Re-location of people
Drainage works
Approach for Flood Hazard Management in the Caribbean
Community Disaster
Management
Essential for any measures to be
effective
Flood Hazard Mapping
The first step for all measures
Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM)
CADM
Flood Hazard MapShows possible inundation areas, evacuation routes,
location of shelters, etc.
Used by:• residents in risk areas for evacuation, • disaster management agencies for emergency operation,• government agencies for mitigation works and city
planning, • private sectors for investment plan.
Needed in homes and schools for awareness of flood risk.
Community Disaster Management Plan
Community Disaster Management Plan (CDMP) is a plan describing early warning system, evacuation system and what community people should do before, during and after flood event.
It should be in accordance with the national and district plan.
CDMP is needed for timely action without panic in the face of flooding.
On Producing Floodplain Maps in the Caribbean
1. Expertise2. Training opportunities3. Data availability4. Data acquisition5. Tools for Map Production
Flood Hazard Mapping
FLOODHYDROGRAPH
FLOODPLAINGEOMETRY
RIVERGEOMETRY
RAINFALLDATA
PHYSICAL DATAOF CATCHMENT
WATER LEVELSIN
FLOODED AREAS
HYDROLOGICANALYSIS
HYDRAULICANALYSIS
G I S
G I S
FLOOD HAZARD MAP
PRODUCTION ISSUES
Expert Needs
1. Hydrologic and Hydraulic expertise– Normally performed by Civil Engineers as they are
trained in both areas– Other scientists with graduate training in Hydrology
and sometimes Hydraulics
• Sufficiently trained persons in the Caribbean to perform tasks
• FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, UWI has an evolving programme focused on addressing the needs of the CARIBBEAN
Expert Needs2. GIS and Mapping Experts
• There is a growing number of GIS technicians in the region but the lack of GIS experts who understands map projection issues and knows how to formulate and resolve spatial modeling problems are still under developed.
3. Hydrologists and hydrologic assistants for network design, monitoring and operation
• Concentrated numbers in some countries, e.g., Trinidad and Jamaica. Others exist in other countries, but perhaps not in sufficient numbers.
Training Opportunities
Hydrology and HydraulicAnalysts
HYDROLOGICALASSISTANTS
READINESS TO TRAIN
REGIONAL TRAININGINSTITUTE
NEEDEDEXPERTS
U. W. I.FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ST. AUGUSTINE
CIVIL ENGINEERINGPROGRAMME
MAPPINGEXPERTS
C. I. M. HPROGRAMMESFOR WATERRESOURCESTECHNICIANS
SURVEYING ANDLAND INFORMATIONPROGRAMME
Data AvailabilityPhysical Data
– Generally available– Land cover and soils data extracted from old
paper maps
Ikonos satellite imagery available (or can be obtained) for most countries to update land cover information
Topographic data for hydrologic studies available from contour maps.DEM has been built from them
Elevations on floodplains not widely available
Data Availability
Hydrologic Data– Major deficiencies that can limit the accuracy of the maps
1. Streamflow– Very few countries have long term streamflow records
» Usually problematic because of difficulty in gauging steep streams that are common in the Caribbean
» Other problems of short staff to perform the gauging– Missing streamflow records prevent ability to validate
models2. Rainfall
– Very few countries have rainfall data to determine the rainfall versus depth relations at various places on the islands.
– Relation is important for estimation of runoff– Generally large amounts of daily rainfall data throughout
the Caribbean
Data Availability
FLOODHYDROGRAPH
FLOODPLAINGEOMETRY
RIVERGEOMETRY
RAINFALLDATA
PHYSICAL DATAOF CATCHMENT
WATER LEVELSIN
FLOODED AREAS
HYDROLOGICANALYSIS
HYDRAULICANALYSIS
G I S
G I S
Physical data generally available in digital format. Issues about:
•currency of land cover information•Resolution of DEM
•Rainfall data lacking temporal distribution•Flood hydrographs not available for calibration of models•Limited flood levels available for modelling
Data AcquisitionGenerally inadequate administrative units exist
throughout the Caribbean for hydrologic database development and management and application of data for water resources management, including flood hazard map production.
As a result, many countries not immediately ready for improving their hydrologic database, even with acquisition of instruments for database development
Problems stem from:– Inadequate staffing– Inappropriate staffing– Lack of instrumentation (Catch 22)
Tools Needed for Map Production• Well-established Administrative Unit (Water Resources
Agency or Drainage Unit) that has a clear mandate for map production
• Well-staffed unit, including:– Civil engineers– Hydrologists– Technical support staff, including
• Draughtsmen, engineering assistants, hydrological assistants
• Well-equipped Unit, including:
• Hardware (minimum requirements)– Computers—no extraordinary specifications are required– Large format plotter– Heavy duty printer– Surveying equipment– Rainfall gauges, including recording gauges– Appropriate current metering equipment– Stage recorders
Tools for Map Production
Software (minimum requirements)– WMS or appropriate software for hydrologic
analysis– HEC-RAS and FLO-2D, or appropriate
software for 1-D and 2-D hydraulic analysis– GIS software– Microsoft suite
•Old land cover maps•Soils map available•Contour maps
Available at 30 m gridintervals
One on record-01 Oct, 1999
•Time—Montreal gauge•Space—Limited•Amount—Dumbarton
One on record-31 Oct 1984
Available at 25 m gridintervals
•Time—Sedge Pond•Space—Limited•Amount—Bdos drain study
•Old land cover maps•Soils map available•Contour maps
•Old land cover maps•Soils map available•Contour maps
•Gauge within area•More than one in area•Long term stations
•Long term station on the riverbut quality needs verifying
Available; adequate
Available at 25 m gridintervals
•May have several events
Physical Data•Land cover•Soils•topography
Rainfall Data•Time•Space•amount
Observedstreamflow
River Geometry
FloodplainGeometry
Past floodlevels
Mesopotamia Speightstown San Juan
Available; adequateAvailable;To be checked
unavailable unavailable
DATA AVAILABILITY IN THE THREE PILOT CATCHMENTS
Principle: by/for community people
Planning by using the map
of their community
area
Discussion on activities in flood events
Community Disaster Management Planning
• Establishment of Plan Development Committee (PDC)
• Definition of Community
• Preparedness/Mitigation Planning
• Emergency Response Planning
• Recovery/Rehabilitation Planning
Institutional Cooperation
1. Ministry of Community/Social Development2. Town and Country Planning Authority3. Drainage Division4. Ministry of Agriculture5. Water Resources Agency6. Ministry of Housing7. Lands and Surveys Department8. Meteorology Department9. NEMO10. Local Government Authority11. Utilities: Water Supply and Electricity Supply12. Resident Associations13. Insurance Industry14. Mortgage Finance Industry15. Industry and Chambers Associations.
CADM Pilot States / Communities
Location of Pilot Areas/Countries
St. Vincent & The Grenadines Trinidad & Tobago Barbados
Mesopotamia San Juan Speightstown
Next steps
FHM
CDMP
FHM
CDMP
FHM
CDMP
Sustainability plan
Caribbean Community Regional Programme Framework 2005-2015
Communities
Extension of CADM
Next Steps• Capacity building in the training
institutions;
- UTEC,CIMH, UWI
• Build capacity to produce maps for different types of flooding; riverine, depression/sinkhole, groundwater induced
Challenges• Convince governments and
decision makers to train professional and keep trained professionals
• When we lose them, train more
• Need for standardized terms to eliminate confusion
CADM Regional Team
• CDERAJeremy Collymore
Andria Grosvenor
Donovan Gentles
Elizabeth Riley
Anderson Harris
Pamela Knights
UWI
Balfour Spence
Jacob Opadeyi
CIMH
Kailas Narayan
WRA, Jamaica
WRA, Trinidad & Tobago
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