The Colonies Unite Chapter 8. Fighting for Control Chapter 8 Lesson 1

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The Colonies UniteThe Colonies UniteChapter 8Chapter 8

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Fighting for ControlFighting for Control

Chapter 8 Lesson 1Chapter 8 Lesson 1

Conflicting ClaimsConflicting Claims

• The Ohio River Valley was claimed by both the British and the French

• France sent soldiers to the Valley to build forts

• Britain saw this as an act of war and decided to fight back

• The Ohio River Valley was claimed by both the British and the French

• France sent soldiers to the Valley to build forts

• Britain saw this as an act of war and decided to fight back

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The French and Indian War Begins

The French and Indian War Begins

• Alliance: French vs. British• Colonial leaders met in Albany,

New York in 1754– Discussed how to deal with the

French

• French and Indian war began in 1754 at Fort Necessity

• Alliance: French vs. British• Colonial leaders met in Albany,

New York in 1754– Discussed how to deal with the

French

• French and Indian war began in 1754 at Fort Necessity

The War ExpandsThe War Expands

• War ended in 1763• Treaty of Paris gave Britain:

– most of Canada – all French lands east of the Mississippi – Spanish Florida

• France lost nearly all of its lands in North America

• War ended in 1763• Treaty of Paris gave Britain:

– most of Canada – all French lands east of the Mississippi – Spanish Florida

• France lost nearly all of its lands in North America

More TroublesMore Troubles

• Proclamation of 1763– King’s law telling the colonists that all land

west of the Appalachian Mountains belonged to the Native Americans

– Colonists could not settle on those lands

• Most colonists ignored the proclamation and were angry the King was blocking their settlement on western lands

• Proclamation of 1763– King’s law telling the colonists that all land

west of the Appalachian Mountains belonged to the Native Americans

– Colonists could not settle on those lands

• Most colonists ignored the proclamation and were angry the King was blocking their settlement on western lands

More TroublesMore Troubles

• Britain passed tax laws so the colonists could help pay for the war

• Sugar Act– Tax on imports of sugar and molasses

• Colonists were angry about having to pay taxes

• Britain passed tax laws so the colonists could help pay for the war

• Sugar Act– Tax on imports of sugar and molasses

• Colonists were angry about having to pay taxes

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Colonists Speak OutColonists Speak OutChapter 8 Lesson 2Chapter 8 Lesson 2

The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act

• When– 1765

• It was a tax on paper products• Colonists were angry and

proclaimed “No taxation without representation”– No one was speaking or acting for

them in Parliament

• When– 1765

• It was a tax on paper products• Colonists were angry and

proclaimed “No taxation without representation”– No one was speaking or acting for

them in Parliament

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Colonists Work TogetherColonists Work Together

• Colonists wanted Britain to remove the Stamp Act

• Groups formed to work against the tax– Sons of Liberty & Daughters of Liberty

• Due to their efforts, Parliament repealed or took the Stamp Act back

• Colonists wanted Britain to remove the Stamp Act

• Groups formed to work against the tax– Sons of Liberty & Daughters of Liberty

• Due to their efforts, Parliament repealed or took the Stamp Act back

Colonists Work TogetherColonists Work Together

• Committees of Correspondence– Helped spread information more

quickly through the colonies– They asked people to protest the

British taxes and policies

• Committees of Correspondence– Helped spread information more

quickly through the colonies– They asked people to protest the

British taxes and policies

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The Townshend ActsThe Townshend Acts

• When– 1767

• Taxes on imports• Colonists boycotted British goods• In response Parliament

– Took back all taxes except Tea Act– Sent troops to the colonies

• When– 1767

• Taxes on imports• Colonists boycotted British goods• In response Parliament

– Took back all taxes except Tea Act– Sent troops to the colonies

The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre

• Who: Boston colonists & British soldiers• What: Angry colonists started a fight

with British soldiers and 5 colonists were killed

• Where: Boston, Massachusetts• When: March 5, 1770• Why: Colonists were angry about the

taxes and the British troops being in the colonies

• Who: Boston colonists & British soldiers• What: Angry colonists started a fight

with British soldiers and 5 colonists were killed

• Where: Boston, Massachusetts• When: March 5, 1770• Why: Colonists were angry about the

taxes and the British troops being in the colonies

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Disagreements GrowDisagreements Grow

Chapter 8 Lesson 3Chapter 8 Lesson 3

The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party

• Who: Sons of Liberty• What: Boarded British tea ships

and threw 342 chests of tea overboard

• Where: Boston Harbor• When: December 16, 1773• Why: Protesting the Tea Act

• Who: Sons of Liberty• What: Boarded British tea ships

and threw 342 chests of tea overboard

• Where: Boston Harbor• When: December 16, 1773• Why: Protesting the Tea Act

The Coercive ActsThe Coercive Acts

• When:– March 1774

• New laws from Parliament to punish the colonists– British blockade of Boston Harbor– Massachusetts legislature could not meet– Colonists forced to quarter or house and

feed British soldiers

• These laws united the colonists against Britain

• When:– March 1774

• New laws from Parliament to punish the colonists– British blockade of Boston Harbor– Massachusetts legislature could not meet– Colonists forced to quarter or house and

feed British soldiers

• These laws united the colonists against Britain

The First Continental Congress

The First Continental Congress

• First meeting– September 1774 in Philadelphia

• Who– Colonial Leaders

• What they did:– Sent a petition to the King– Voted to stop trading with Britain– Asked colonies to form militias

• First meeting– September 1774 in Philadelphia

• Who– Colonial Leaders

• What they did:– Sent a petition to the King– Voted to stop trading with Britain– Asked colonies to form militias

Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord

• Who: Massachusetts Militia & British Army• What: Fighting broke out between the

Minutemen and British soldiers. The American Revolution had begun

• Where: Lexington and Concord Massachusetts• When: April 1775• Why: British were planning to arrest leaders of

the Sons of Liberty and were looking to take the colonists weapons in Concord

• Who: Massachusetts Militia & British Army• What: Fighting broke out between the

Minutemen and British soldiers. The American Revolution had begun

• Where: Lexington and Concord Massachusetts• When: April 1775• Why: British were planning to arrest leaders of

the Sons of Liberty and were looking to take the colonists weapons in Concord

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The Road to WarThe Road to War

Chapter 8 Lesson 4Chapter 8 Lesson 4

Second Continental Congress

Second Continental Congress

• When: May 10, 1775• Where: Pennsylvania State House in

Philadelphia• Actions:

– Formed Continental Army– Chose George Washington as Commander in

Chief– Asked each colony to give money to support

army– Printed its own paper money called

Continentals

• When: May 10, 1775• Where: Pennsylvania State House in

Philadelphia• Actions:

– Formed Continental Army– Chose George Washington as Commander in

Chief– Asked each colony to give money to support

army– Printed its own paper money called

Continentals

The Battle of Bunker HillThe Battle of Bunker Hill

• When: June 17, 1775• Battle actually took place at Breed’s Hill• Colonial commanders:

– Israel Putnam– William Prescott

• Outcome:– Continentals ran out of ammunition and the

British won but suffered many loses

• When: June 17, 1775• Battle actually took place at Breed’s Hill• Colonial commanders:

– Israel Putnam– William Prescott

• Outcome:– Continentals ran out of ammunition and the

British won but suffered many loses

Trying for PeaceTrying for Peace

• When: July 5, 1775• Events:

– Sent the Olive Branch petition to the King– The King responded and said he would

crush their rebellion

• When: July 5, 1775• Events:

– Sent the Olive Branch petition to the King– The King responded and said he would

crush their rebellion

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Declaring IndependenceDeclaring Independence

Chapter 8 Lesson 5Chapter 8 Lesson 5

Moving Toward IndependenceMoving Toward Independence

• Pamphlet: Common Sense– By: Thomas Paine– Motivated and inspired people to call

for independence from Britain

• Richard Henry Lee wanted a resolution or written statement of independence

• Pamphlet: Common Sense– By: Thomas Paine– Motivated and inspired people to call

for independence from Britain

• Richard Henry Lee wanted a resolution or written statement of independence

Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence

• Preamble– Told why the declaration was needed

• Part 2– describes colonists main ideas about

government– Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• Part 3– Longest part– listed colonists complaints against Britain

• Part 4– Declared the colonies independence from Britain

• Preamble– Told why the declaration was needed

• Part 2– describes colonists main ideas about

government– Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• Part 3– Longest part– listed colonists complaints against Britain

• Part 4– Declared the colonies independence from Britain

Congress Approves Declaration

Congress Approves Declaration

• Accepted on July 4, 1776• Signed by all members of Continental

Congress• Declaration has inspired people around

the world to work for freedom and equal rights

• Accepted on July 4, 1776• Signed by all members of Continental

Congress• Declaration has inspired people around

the world to work for freedom and equal rights

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Forming a New Government

Forming a New Government

• John Dickinson committee head• Created the Articles of Confederation

– National legislature called Confederation Congress

– Weakness: most power belonged to the states and the national government was limited in what it could do

• John Dickinson committee head• Created the Articles of Confederation

– National legislature called Confederation Congress

– Weakness: most power belonged to the states and the national government was limited in what it could do