Chapter 3Settling the Northern Colonies

AP U.S. History

The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism

• Catholic Church/Pope• Leo – raising money, selling• Indulgences – payments to reduce/cancel sin• Martin Luther – started the Protestant

Reformation• Belief of Bible? Source of God’s word• 95 Thesis – 1517 – statements on abuses of

church

• John Calvin – conversion experience – intense identifiable personal experience leads to a sanctified life

• King Henry 8th – church? Made himself head of the church, led to some wanting total reform in church

• Edward “Bloody” Mary Elizabeth Protestant Catholic Protestant

The Pilgrims End their Pilgrimage at Plymouth

• Separatists – went to? Holland Left there b/c? Children too Dutch

• Charter – VA Company of London• 1620 – New England• Mayflower Compact – agreement to form a government and submit to the will of the majority• First Winter – 44 of 102 survived• Get help from – Squanto, Samoset. Next winter – better• William Bradford – Governor 30 times

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth

• Non-separatists – sought to change the church from within

• “City on a Hill” – agreement to build a holy society that would be a model to everyone

• John Winthrop – 1st Governor• Economy based on? Fur trading, fishing,

shipbuilding

Building the Bay Colony

• Franchise – adult males who belonged to the church

• Government – male property owners• Who had real power? Religious leaders

Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth

• Quakers – persecution with fines, floggings, and banishments• Anne Hutchison – sharp in theology,

predestination, brought to trial for heresy. Banished, went to RI

• Roger Williams – wanted clean break from church of England. Wanted Indians compensated for land. Banished

The Rhode Island Sewer/New England Spreads Out

• Offered complete freedom of? Religion!! Even for Jews and Catholics. No oaths, no compulsory attendance, no taxes to support state church.

• Hartford – CT – river where land was fertile• Thomas Hooker – Fundamental Orders of Conn. –

gave power to many people.• New Haven Colony – Puritans wanting a closer

church/state relationship. Merged with CT• New Hampshire – separated from MA

Puritans vs. Indians

• Little resistance at first – diseases• Pequot War – 1637 – English set fire to

villages and shot Pequots• King Phillips War – Metacom hit frontier

settlements (52 towns), hundreds killed. Metacom captured and killed.

Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence

• New England Confederation – 4 colonies together for defense from Indians, French, and Dutch.

• Colonies did not like … - Ma ignored royal orders• Crown – gave CT a sea-to-sea charter, revoked MA’s

charter

• Dominion of New England – New England, NY, NJ. Bolster colonial defense. Enforce the English Navigation Laws – restrict trade with other countries

• Edmund Andros – Head of Dominion. Very harsh – supported the Catholic Church, no town meetings, heavy taxes

• Glorious Revolution – William and Mary (daughter of James II) took the throne. Colonists chased Andros out!

• Salutary Neglect – Navigation Acts were weakly enforced.

**** Colonies were more prosperous when left alone****

Old Netherlands at New Netherlands

• Henry Hudson – English but sailed for the Dutch – Hudson River

• New Netherlands – multi-ethnic, rare, money, Iroquois

• New Amsterdam – New York City

Friction with… /Dutch Residues…

• Dutch allies with Iroquois• New Sweden – Peter Stuyvesant• Charles II – New York, Proprietary, Royal

Penn’s Holy Experiment

• Quakers – Religious Society of Friends• Characteristics – no taxes to church, no paid

clergy, spoke in church when moved, kept hats on, “thee,” “thou,” no oaths, refused military service

• Practiced religious tolerance, …rich mix of ethnic groups

• Exported – grain and other foodstuffs

Questions

• 1. Compare and contrast the New England and middle colonies in terms of motives for founding, religious and social composition, and political development.

• 2. What efforts were made to strengthen English control over the colonies in the 17th century, and why did they generally fail?