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TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK
Václav Báča, David KachlíkTereza Smržová, Martin Holek, Katarina
Hubčíkova, Radek Jakša
Department of
Anatomy, Third
Faculty
of
Medicine, Charles University in Prague
supported by grant FRVS 1101/2008/F3
REGIO CERVICALIS REGIO CERVICALIS ANTERIORANTERIOR
TRIGONUM CERVICALE TRIGONUM CERVICALE ANTERIUSANTERIUS
BORDERS:
CRANIAL:
lower
mandibular
border
LATERAL:ventral
border
of
m. sternocleidomastoideus
CONTENT:
trigonum
submandibulare
trigonum
submentale
trigonum
caroticum
trigonum
musculare
(omotracheale)
TRIGONUM SUBMANDIBULARETRIGONUM SUBMANDIBULAREBORDERS:
CRANIAL:lower
mandibular
border
MEDIAL:venter
ant. m. digastrici
LATERAL:venter
post. m. digastrici
BOTTOM:m. mylohyoideus
and
m. hyoglossus
CONTENT:glandula
submandibularis
vasa
facialia
(+ their
branches)
ductus
submandibularis
nervus lingualis
ganglion submandibulare
arteria
lingualis
nervus hypoglossus
nodi
lymphoidei
submandibulares
TRIGONUM CAROTICUMTRIGONUM CAROTICUM ((MalgaigneMalgaigne))
BORDERS:
CRANIAL:venter
post. m. digastrici
CAUDAL:venter
sup. m. omohyoidei
LATERAL:m. sternocleidomastoideus
CONTENT:
nervus hypoglossus
(running as arcus n. XIIventrally of the blood vessels) + v. comitans
n. hypoglossi
truncus
sympathicus
+ ganglion cervicale
superius
n. accessorius
nodi
lymphoidei
cervicales
profundi
glandula
thyroidea
in vagina carotica:
arteria
carotis
communis
–
branching
at
the
level
of
C4 (med.)
arteria
carotis
int.
arteria
carotis
ext.
+ its
branches
and
their
veins
vena
jugularis
int. + its
tributaries
(laterodors.)
radix
sup. ansae
cervicalis
profundae
(ventr.)
nervus vagus + nervus laryngeus
sup.
(dors.)
TRIGONUM MUSCULARE (fossa suprasternalis, trigonum omotracheale)
BORDERS:
CRANIAL:corpus ossis
hyoidei
CAUDAL: incisura
jugularis
sterni
LATERO-CRANIAL:vent. sup. m. omohyoidei
LATERO-CAUDAL: m. sternocleidomastiodeus
CONTENT:
larynx
→ trachea
glandula
thyroidea
+ itsvessels
and
nerves
musculus
sternothyroideusmusculus
sternohyoideus
musculus
thyrohyoideus
arcus
venosus
juguli
TRIGONUM SUBMENTALEBORDERS:
LATERAL:ventera
ant. mm. digastricorum
VENTRO-CRANIAL:corpus mandibulae
CAUDAL:corpus ossis
hyoidei
BOTTOM:mm. mylohyoidei
CONTENT:
vasa
submentalia
nodi
lymphoidei
submentales
nervi mylohyoidei
TRIGONUM A. LINGUALISTRIGONUM A. LINGUALIS
((trigonumtrigonum PirogoviPirogovi))
BORDERS:
CRANIAL:n. hypoglossus
VENTRAL:dorsal
border
of
m. mylohyoideus
CAUDAL:venter
post. m. digastrici
BOTTOM:m. hyoglossus
CONTENT:
arteria
lingualis
(ligation)
vena
lingualis
ANGULUS BANGULUS BÉÉCLARDICLARDIBORDERS:
CRANIAL:venter
post. m. digastrici
m. stylohyoideus
CAUDAL:cornu
majus
ossis
hyoidei
CONTENT:
arteria
lingualis
(ligation)
REGIO REGIO STERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDEASTERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDEA
FOSSA SUPRACLAVICULARIS FOSSA SUPRACLAVICULARIS MINORMINOR
BORDERS:
MEDIAL+LATERAL:beginnigs
of
m. sternocleidomastoideus
CAUDAL:clavicula
CONTENT:
cupula
pleurae
projectsin the
depth
REGIO CERVICALIS LATERALISREGIO CERVICALIS LATERALISBORDERS:
CRANIAL:proc. mastoideus
VENTRAL:dorsal
border
of
m. sternocleidomastoideus
DORSAL:ventral
border
of
m. trapezius
CAUDAL:clavicula
CONTENT:
trigonum
omotrapezium
trigonum
omoclaviculare
TRIGONUM OMOCLAVICULARETRIGONUM OMOCLAVICULARE correspondscorresponds to to superficialsuperficial FossaFossa supraclavicularissupraclavicularis majormajor
BORDERS:
CRANIAL:venter
inf. m. omohyoidei
CAUDAL:clavicula
VENTRAL:dorsal
border
of
m.
sternocleidomastoideus
CONTENT:
vasa
subclavia
angulus
venosus
(+ estuary
of
ductus
thoracicus
(left) / ductus
lymphaticus
dx. + its
tributaries)
plexus
brachialis
nodi
lymphoidei
supraclaviculares
(Virchow-Troisier)
nervus phrenicus
arteria
cervicalis
ascendens
+ vena
vertebralis
anterior
arteria
transversa
cervicis
(or only its branch r.superficialis)
vasa
suprascapularia
nervi supraclaviculares
vena
jugularis
externa
TRIGONUM OMOTRAPEZIUMTRIGONUM OMOTRAPEZIUM
BORDERS:
VENTRAL:dorsal
border
of
m.
sternocleidomastoideus
DORSAL:ventral
border
of
m. trapezius
CAUDAL:venter
inf. m.omohyoidei
CONTENT:
vena
jugularis
externa
(+ its
tributaries,e.g. vv. transversae
colli)
arteria
transversa
colli
(+ its
branches)
arteria
cervicalis
ascendents
+ venavertebralis
anterior
+ nervus phrenicus
vasa
cervicalia
profunda
arteria
transversa
cervicis
(or only itsbranches)
punctum nervosum
+ its
branches
nervus accessorius
pars
supraclavicularis
plexus
brachialis
nodi
lymphoidei
cervicales
...AND IN DEPTH...AND IN DEPTH
TRIGONUM SCALENOVERTEBRALE (in the depth of trig. omoclaviculare)
BORDERS:
DORSAL:m. longus
colli
LATERAL:m. scalenus
ant.
CAUDAL:cupula
pleurae
MEDIAL:trachea, esophagus, glandula
thyroidea
VENTRAL:m. sternocleidomastoideus
CONTENT:arteria
subclavia
(pars
intrascalenica)
plexus
brachialis
truncus
sympathicus
(ggl. stellatum) + ansa
subclavia
nervi cardiaci
cervicales
ductus
thoracicus
(on the left sideonly)!
FISSURA SCALENORUM FISSURA SCALENORUM
BORDERS:
VENTRAL:m. scalenus
anterior
DORSAL:m. scalenus
medius
CAUDAL:clavicula
CONTENT:
arteria
subclavia
(subclavian vein runs in front of m. scalenus ant.)
arteria
transversa
cervicis
(or only its branch r. profundus)
plexus
brachialis
TRIGONUM KILLIANI TRIGONUM KILLIANI BORDERS:
CRANIAL:pars
(m.) thyropharyngea
m.
constrictoris
pharyngis
inferioris
CAUDAL:pars
(m.) cricopharyngea
m.
constrictoris
pharyngis
inferioris
CONTENT:
weakened
wall
–possible
site
of
pulse
diverticle
(of
Zenker)occurence
TRIGONUM LAIMERITRIGONUM LAIMERIBORDERS:
CRANIAL:pars
(m.) cricopharyngea
m.
constrictoris
pharyngis
inferioris
CAUDAL:superior oblique
fibres
of
longitudinal
oesophageal
musclelayer
BOTTOM:circular
oesophageal
muscle
layer
CONTENT:
weakened
wall
–
possiblesite
of
pulse diverticle
occurence
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