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CHAPTER 5: CULTURE SHOCK&
CHAPTER 6: ADAPTATION
By:
Teddy Fiktorius (F5221 2025)Angela Genoveva (F5221 2028)
Postgraduate Study of English Language Education
Teacher Training and Education FacultyUniversity of Tanjungpura
Pontianak2013
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CULTURE SHOCK
International students’ challenges
Environmental lingusitic academic social
Adaptation
Difficulty
Familiar ways VS. New ways
MULTITUDE OF DIFFERENT BEHAVIOURSObvious VS. Not so obvious behaviours
American students bring food and drinks to classroomsAmericans show physical affection in public places
obvious behaviours
How American greet, introduce, interrupt, take turns speaking, stand in line, open a gift, ask the teacher questions, etc
Not so obvious behaviours
More difficult to cope with
MICRO-BEHAVIOURS
Hall (1998):
Micro-behaviours
Nonverbal cues
Cues that tell people how to behave
Whether or not to pass an approaching person on a sidewalk on the left or right?When and how long to look into a person’s eyes during a conversation?
Differ across cultures out of awareness(Anderson & Wang, 2006; Hall, 1998; Morain, 1986)
WHAT CAUSE CULTURE SHOCK?
obvious behaviours not so obvious behaviours micro-behaviours
Emotional difficulties
Culture shock
Brown (2000), Kohls (1996), and Storti (1989):Symptoms of culture shock
Anxiety, homesickness, helplessness, boredom, depression, fatique, confusion, self-
doubt, weeping, paranoia, physical ailments, isolating behaviours, aggressive symptoms
- Stay alone in the room
- read and study excessively
- avoid contact with Americans
- solely befriend with people from their own homeland
Isolating behaviours
AGGRESIVE SYMPTOMS
- Compulsive eating
- obsessive drinking
- exaggerated cleanliness
- hostility towards Americans
How culture shock can affect a student’s behaviour and attitude
Narrative 1: What happened to Roger?An American student sees behavioural changes in her Malaysian boyfriend
Roger: A Malaysian fitness trainer who went to the United States to study Physical therapyRoger’s girlfriend (the narrative writer): An American women strength trainer
who have similar interests
Frequented the movie theatre Did aerobics
Went cycling, running, swimming, and dancingEnjoyed listening to the ‘80s music
A beautiful life romance, huh???????
AFTER SOME TIME IN THE U.S.
…entering a stage of …
Roger started to complain about
The snow-covered terrain
A freezing apartment
The food
Grueling semesters of classes
“What have I done? I had a good life (in Malaysia), I think I really made a
mistake”
WHAT IS NEXT???
Roger identified it as STRESS
depression related to culture shock
emotional and physical hardship of living in another country
…A happy ending narrative…
Roger finally worked through his depression and regained his ‘life’
Roger’s girlfriend now understands more about
cultural adjustment & culture shock
IS THE CURE?????
NARRATIVE II: Stranger at My Door-A Married Indian Student’s feeling of Isolation Sparks Her Wild Imagination
How loneliness and isolation triggers ….
Husband: An Indian graduate student in the U.S.Wife (the narrative write): An Indian undergraduate student in the U.S.
How it starts….
Arriving at a new, quiet home far away from the city….
A perfect place that would inspire anyone to study???
YET,…
As time went by….
The nice big house A place of its own
Homesickness and loneliness Nobody to see or talk to
Loss of appetite, ability to read and study, & smile Life changed
Wild Imagination (beyond our imagination) Depression & fear
‘A Stranger at My Door’
HOW IT ENDS….
After spending a good deal of time in the U.S. and living in that house….
…becoming used to life there
Making a lot of friends
Being able to adapt to the quiet country life…
AGAIN, IS THE CURE????
Stages of Cultural Adaptation: Emotional Reactions to the Unfamiliar
• Preparation• Initial Experiences• Ongoing Interaction and Challenges• Culture Shock• Adjustment
The U Curve of Cultural Adaptation
It is called a "U Curve" because people generally start at a high
point, then experience a decline, or depression, before a leveling off period, then go through a critical
"recovery" stage and end up more or less balanced, where they began
Phases of adaptation according to Oberg (1960)
Honeymoon Stage(Happiness and fascination)
• Have high hopes and expect great things• Feel this is a very exciting time• Feel everything is new and interesting• Feel confident and that you can easily cope
with problems and stress• Tend to focus on what is similar between the
host country and the culture and country you come from
The Crisis(Disappointment, confusing feelings,
frustration and irritation)
• Feel happy about the challenges you have overcome• Feel frustrated, confused and disappointed• Feel very positive one day & very negative the next
day• Focus on the differences between yourself & natives• Miss your family & feel no connection to the host
country• Feel loneliness for your country and loved ones• Feel guilty about leaving family members behind
Recovery(Gradual adjustment)
• Feel more in control of your life as you gain a better understanding of the host country
• Feel more confident in your language skills• Gradually get involved in the community• Have a better understanding of how to adapt
to live in the host country• Have a better sense of what you need to do to
get what you want
Adjustment(Acceptance)
• Feel more comfortable in the host country• Have made some friends and be more
involved in your new community• Understand better how things are done in that
new country• Be studying, planning to return to school or
working at better jobs• Generally feel content about having come to
the country
Adjustment• Some have too many conflicts with values and
ways of behaving and cannot fully adjust• Some do adjust enough to participate in the
culture, but they become comfortable and do not want to go much beyond the minimum
• Other international students move into larger community (make friends, adapt the values)
• Some even become bicultural (function in two cultures with confidence)
Thank you
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