French revolution

LOUIS XVI execution

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Deficit crisis

French soldiers who helped came inspired

Signing of the Declaration of Independence

Enlightenment:

Liberty

Equality

Reason

Progress

John Locke (1632-1704)

DEFICIT CRISIS AND BAD HARVESTS

◦ Seven Years´s War

◦ Squandering

◦ Bad harvests since 1878

◦ Tax exemptions

BANCKRUPTCY

LUOIS XVI required money

asked the privilegeds for pay taxes

refused

LOUIS XVI was forced to call the Estates General (1st time since 1614):

Representatives from the third estate demanded that voting by the population.

Representatives of the privilegeds demanded each estate had one vote: majority.

The third estate left the Estates General

They met at a tennis court

The Third Estate declared itself to be NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

The members of this meet swore not to separate until France had a CONSTITUTION

National assembly was threatened by the Army

the people of Paris supporting the Assembly

STORMING OF THE BASTILLE: 14 July 1789

Colours of Paris

Colours of the Bourbon family

1791: CONSTITUTION:

France became a constitional monarch

Separation of powers: Executive: KING Legislative: LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

National sovereignty

Equal justicie under law

Limited suffrage

ELECTIONS: limited suffrage: political parties:

ROYALIST

LA PLAINE: moderate majority

REPUBLICANS: Moderates: misnamed GIRONDINS

Radical: JACOBINSsupported by Sans

Culottes Extremist: MONTAGNARDS

LOUIS XVI attemped to escape.

He and his family were stopped.

First time: THE REPUBLIC is possible.

Monarchies of Europe considered intervene:

EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA (Marie Antoinette´s brother)

Legislative Assembly preemptively declared war on Austria: april 1792

AUSTRIA vs FRANCEPRUSSIA

Initial battles of the war: DISASTER

SANS COLOTTESLA COMMUNE RIOTS IN PARISPEOPLE OF PARIS

10 august 1792 assaulted the Tuileries Palace

The King took refuge in the Legislative Assembly

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY just 1/3 of the deputies were present, most of the Jacobins.

Suspend the King

Decreed the convocation of a NATIONAL CONVENTION elected by universal male suffrage

2 september 1792: Prussian army invaded France

Mob (Sans Culottes

supported by Jacobins and Montagnards)

Killed 1500 prisioners

SEPTEMBER MASSACRES

1ST ERUPEAN ELECTIONS WITH UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGE

NATIONAL CONVENTION: legislative power

The National Convention proclaimed:

FRENCH FIRST REPUBLIC

January 1793: LOUIS XVI was executed by guillotine

European monarchies declared war on France

War went badly

Price increase

Sans culottes riots

Counter-revolutionary activities

Mop and La Commune sorrounded the National Convention

Demanded the arrest of the “Girondins”

The National Convention surrendered to the threat

Canons aim to the National Convention

Jacobins controlled the Convention

They created: COMMITEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY

led by ROBBESPIERRE

de facto executive goverment

no power to the Legislative assembly

really: DICTATORSHIP

Levée en masse

Law of the Maximus: price controls

Cult of reason: closed the churchs

Levée en masse

◦ obligatory military service.

◦ 300.000 men from all the departments of France.

◦ some departments refused to the Levée:

WAR IN THE VENDÉE REVOLT IN LYON

Law of the Maximum:

setting price limit

trying to establishing a managed economy

consequences:

killing those hid food: TERROR

shortage

CULT OF REASON

was replaced by

CULT OF THE SUPREME BEING

became a state religion by Robbespierre

Almost 200.000 people were killed:

◦ 1st: counter-revolutionary

◦ 2nd: counter-jacobins

◦ 3rd: counter-Robbespierre

July 1794 COUP D´ETAT (moderates)

Jacobins and Robespierre

were guillotined

French conservative bourgeoisie

European absolutism

French absolutism

French extremism

Limited suffrage

Separation of powers

Executive: THE DIRECTORY

Legislative: bicameral

COUNCIL OF FIVE HUNDRED

COUNCIL OF ANCIENTS

WAR POWER TO THE

ARMY

European kingdoms

Absolutist threats

Radical threats

The most famous militar was a young officer from Corsica

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Victories in Italy (1797) and Egypt (1798) Napoleon crossing the Alps, David

Bonaparte with the support of moderate group:

End of DIRECTORY

COUP D´ETAT

Start of CONSULATE