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Review• How much of their income were the peasants spending just
on bread?
• Describe the Great Fear
• Discuss the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen—describe its success and failures
• List some moderate reforms enacted by the National Assembly
• What was the Declaration of Pilnitz?
Abolishment of the Monarchy• Prussian forces destroy
French recruits
• Royalist officers desert the Army
• Parisians storm the Tuileries, kill the guards
• Citizens attack prisons, killing nobles and priests “September Massacre”
Abolishment of the Monarchy• Radicals take control of the
Legislative Assembly, create a new legislative body called the National Convention
• National Convention abolishes the monarchy and establishes the French Republic—and a second constitution
• Jacobins seize noble land and abolish all titles
• The National Convention tries Louis for treason and votes to execute him
The Reign of Terror• France at war with Britain,
Netherlands, Spain and Prussia
• More food shortages and inflation
• National Convention torn between Jacobins and Girondins
• Army begins to have success v. Netherlands, Italy, and peasant revolts at home
The Reign of Terror• National Convention creates
12-member Committee of Public Safety
• Robespierre “the Incorruptible” leads CPS, uses terror against enemies of France = “prompt, severe, inflexible justice”
• 300k arrested, 17k executed by guillotine
• National Convention turns on Committee of Public Safety
Revolution—Stage 3• Moderates produce a 3rd
constitution
• Sets up 5-man directory and 2-house legislature
• Dominated by the bourgeoisie
• Peace declared with Prussia and Spain
• Suppressed hungry sans-culottes
Social and Political change
• Ancien Régime is gone• Monarchy executed• Church under state
control• Nationalism spreads• La Marseillaise becomes
the national anthem• Slave revolt in Haiti leads
to abolition of slavery in France and colonies
Napoleon Bonaparte• Devout Catholics
supporting a constitutional monarchy win majority of seats in the legislature
• Politicians turn to a military hero against the Austrians—Napoleon Bonaparte
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