APEH Reformation

The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

Bell RingerBell RingerWhich of the following beliefs was

central to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy?

A. Salvation by faith aloneB. Saints as intermediaries between the

individual Christian and GodC. The sacrament of penanceD. The priesthood defined as distinct from

the laityE. The equality of men and women

Which of the following beliefs was central to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy?

A. Salvation by faith aloneB. Saints as intermediaries between the

individual Christian and GodC. The sacrament of penanceD. The priesthood defined as distinct from

the laityE. The equality of men and women

What root words do you see?What root words do you see?

PROTESTANTREFORMATIONPROTESTANT

REFORMATION

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

What is the Protestant Reformation?

What is the Protestant Reformation?

The religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.

The religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.

VS.

Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance

As the Renaissance moved Northward, so did its ideals

Christian Humanism (aka Northern Humanism)

Goal - reform the Catholic Church

As the Renaissance moved Northward, so did its ideals

Christian Humanism (aka Northern Humanism)

Goal - reform the Catholic Church

Christian HumanismChristian Humanism

To change society, must 1st change humanity

Human beings able to reason & improve selves

Reading for selves = more pious (having strong religious feelings)

Inner piety reform of church & society

To change society, must 1st change humanity

Human beings able to reason & improve selves

Reading for selves = more pious (having strong religious feelings)

Inner piety reform of church & society

ErasmusErasmus

“the Philosophy of Christ”

Christianity should:show people how to

live good lives

“the Philosophy of Christ”

Christianity should:show people how to

live good lives

Erasmus’ EggErasmus’ Egg

Reform NOT Break

Ideas laid foundation

“Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched”

Reform NOT Break

Ideas laid foundation

“Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched”

Luther

Reasons for the Reformation

Reasons for the Reformation

upper levels of church were wealthy & oppressive

church = too feudal & old

Monarchy – wanted Church’s power & money

upper levels of church were wealthy & oppressive

church = too feudal & old

Monarchy – wanted Church’s power & money

Reasons for the Reformation (cont.)

Reasons for the Reformation (cont.)

Clerical immorality – violated celibacy & accused of drunkenness, gambling, and other vice

Clerical ignorance – many barely read or write

Clerical absenteeism and pluralism – esp. higher level officials – often absent and held more than one office at a time (often purchased their office)

SIMONY

NEPOTISM

Clerical immorality – violated celibacy & accused of drunkenness, gambling, and other vice

Clerical ignorance – many barely read or write

Clerical absenteeism and pluralism – esp. higher level officials – often absent and held more than one office at a time (often purchased their office)

SIMONY

NEPOTISM

How to Attain SalvationHow to Attain Salvation

People’s spiritual needs - not metMain concern - salvation (“How do

I get to Heaven?!”)Catholic Church answers:

Veneration of relicsObtaining indulgence

People’s spiritual needs - not metMain concern - salvation (“How do

I get to Heaven?!”)Catholic Church answers:

Veneration of relicsObtaining indulgence

Movie ClipMovie Clip

Luther - “The Price of Salvation”Luther - “The Price of Salvation”

What is an Indulgence?What is an Indulgence?The release from all or part of the punishment for

sin in purgatory (a place between Earth & afterlife where one “serves time” for their sins & is purified. Time spent here is directly proportional to the number & severity of sins committed in one’s life.)

The release from all or part of the punishment for sin in purgatory (a place between Earth & afterlife where one “serves time” for their sins & is purified. Time spent here is directly proportional to the number & severity of sins committed in one’s life.)

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Monk & professor of theology

Wittenberg, Germany

Conflicted by the difference in Catholic teachings/practices vs. what was said in the Bible

Monk & professor of theology

Wittenberg, Germany

Conflicted by the difference in Catholic teachings/practices vs. what was said in the Bible

Luther vs. Church: SalvationLuther vs. Church: Salvation

To Obtain Salvation…Church said: must have faith AND do

good worksLuther said: faith in God alone will earn

one salvation (key teaching known as “justification by faith alone”)

Luther’s theory based on Bible - became the sole source of religious truth to Protestants

To Obtain Salvation…Church said: must have faith AND do

good worksLuther said: faith in God alone will earn

one salvation (key teaching known as “justification by faith alone”)

Luther’s theory based on Bible - became the sole source of religious truth to Protestants

Luther’s 95 ThesesLuther’s 95 Theses

October 31, 1517Nailed to door of church in

Wittenberg 95 Theses - spelled out the abuses

of the ChurchPrinting Press - HUGE impact on

Reformation - Why?

October 31, 1517Nailed to door of church in

Wittenberg 95 Theses - spelled out the abuses

of the ChurchPrinting Press - HUGE impact on

Reformation - Why?

BacklashBacklash

Did NOT intend to break with Church - just wanted REFORM

Church wanted him to recant (take back) his criticisms

Luther says…

Did NOT intend to break with Church - just wanted REFORM

Church wanted him to recant (take back) his criticisms

Luther says…

ResultResult

Luther is excommunicated & defrocked (banned from the church & stripped of his position) in 1521

Angers not only the Pope, but Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor

Luther is excommunicated & defrocked (banned from the church & stripped of his position) in 1521

Angers not only the Pope, but Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor

The Diet of WormsThe Diet of Worms

IS NOT a means of obtaining nutritional sustenance from eating nothing but those little squiggly things in your garden…

IS a legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Emperor in the German city of Worms (pronounced Vuhrms)

IS NOT a means of obtaining nutritional sustenance from eating nothing but those little squiggly things in your garden…

IS a legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Emperor in the German city of Worms (pronounced Vuhrms)

Movie ClipMovie ClipLuther - “A Simple Reply”Luther - “A Simple Reply”

Edict of WormsEdict of Worms

Made Luther an outlawAll Luther’s works to be burnedLuther to be captured & turned

over to Charles V

Made Luther an outlawAll Luther’s works to be burnedLuther to be captured & turned

over to Charles V

Peasant RevoltsPeasant Revolts

June, 1524Luther “disappeared” - the worst was

rumoredPeasants revolted against nobility &

clergy (thought Luther would approve)Imperial army retaliated100,000 peasants dead

June, 1524Luther “disappeared” - the worst was

rumoredPeasants revolted against nobility &

clergy (thought Luther would approve)Imperial army retaliated100,000 peasants dead

Happy Ending??Happy Ending??

German Princes united under Luther (benefit = autonomy from HRE)

1555- Peace of Augsburg (treaty)***Charles V conceded to formally accept the

division of Christianity in GermanyGerman princes could choose the faith of their

state (not an individual choice)

German Princes united under Luther (benefit = autonomy from HRE)

1555- Peace of Augsburg (treaty)***Charles V conceded to formally accept the

division of Christianity in GermanyGerman princes could choose the faith of their

state (not an individual choice)

Major Contributions of Luther & the Reformation

Major Contributions of Luther & the Reformation

Translation of the Bible into GermanOpened door to religious freedomAbolition of vows of celibacy for

Protestant clergyCaused Catholic Church to consider

reforms

Translation of the Bible into GermanOpened door to religious freedomAbolition of vows of celibacy for

Protestant clergyCaused Catholic Church to consider

reforms

Spread of ProtestantismSpread of Protestantism

Division forever ChristianityProtestantism

SwitzerlandZwingli of Zürich

Division forever ChristianityProtestantism

SwitzerlandZwingli of Zürich

CalvinismCalvinism

John Calvin - founderDoctrine of

justification by faith alone

Predestination - God had determined in advance those who would be saved and those who would not

John Calvin - founderDoctrine of

justification by faith alone

Predestination - God had determined in advance those who would be saved and those who would not

Calvin’s ReformsCalvin’s Reforms

GenevaThe Consistory

Special courtEnforced moral disciplineOversaw morality Punished deviants

Crimes = singing obscene songs, dancing, swearing, drunkenness, playing cards

GenevaThe Consistory

Special courtEnforced moral disciplineOversaw morality Punished deviants

Crimes = singing obscene songs, dancing, swearing, drunkenness, playing cards

You little

$#@&!!

I LIKE BIG BUTTSAND I CANNOT

LIE…

AnabaptistsAnabaptists

“Re-baptizer”A radical adult Christian

group that believed:All believers equalAny member could be ministerComplete separation of Church

& StatePersecuted by both Catholics

& ProtestantsToday - Mennonite & Amish

“Re-baptizer”A radical adult Christian

group that believed:All believers equalAny member could be ministerComplete separation of Church

& StatePersecuted by both Catholics

& ProtestantsToday - Mennonite & Amish