Cellular Respiration

Description/definition of cellular respiration

When an organism breaks down glucose and transfers glucose or chemical energy into ATP or cellular energy/usable energy.

Both plants AND animals use cellular respiration to transfer energy.

Cellular Aerobic Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Mitochondrial Structure

Matrix

Inner Membrane

Intermembrane Space

Cristae

Outer Membrane

Mitochondria

• Double membrane & Cristae– Increases surface area for cellular respiration to

occur– Location of the Electron Transport Chain

• Matrix– Location of the Krebs cycle

Recall Electron Carrier Molecules

• NADH• FADH2

Process of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis

Without O2 With O2

Alcoholic Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport

Chain

The First Process of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis

• Occurs in the Cytoplasm• Does not require oxygen• Breakdown of glucose or glycogen• “Splitting of sugar”

Glycolysis

• Series of 10 reactions

• Glucose is split into two smaller molecules called PYRUVATE or pyruvic acid

• 2 ATP are used but 4 ATP are produced

• Net gain of ATP? 2 ATP molecules

• Glycolysis Process

C6H12O6 + 2ATP + 2NAD+ 2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + H+

Glycolysis AnimationClick on the link above to view the animation

Process of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis

Without O2

Without Oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Fermentation

• Occurs in the cytoplasm• Does not produce ANY ATP• Regenerates NAD+ for reuse in glycolysis• Two types

– Alcoholic Fermentation– Lactic Acid Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation

• Plants Cells• Used to produce alcoholic beverages and to make bread• Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) is converted into ethyl alcohol,

carbon dioxide, NAD+.

• Alcoholic Fermentation Equation Pyruvic acid + NADH ethyl alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Animal Cells• Used to produce yogurt and cheese• Cause soreness in muscle cells• Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) is converted into lactic

acid, & NAD+

• Lactic Acid Fermentation Equation Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+

What’s the point of fermentation?

Glycolysis – 2 ATPFermentation – 0 ATPTotal – 2 ATP

• Regenerate the electron carrier, NAD+

• NAD+ can allow for cellular respiration to continue