PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 159: 31-38 OCTOBER 2010

Tapparone-Canefri’s type material of fasciolariid Gastropoda (Mollusca) at the Genoa Natural History Museum

MARTIN AVERY SNYDER

PAUL CALLOMON

Department of Malacology, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103, USA. E-mail: callomon@ansp.org

ABSTRACT.—Types of species nominally belonging to the family Fasciolariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described by C. M. Tapparone-Canefri and housed in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Genoa, Italy are examined and figured. Of nine type lots represented, six represent fasciolariids, two are buccinids and one is a muricid. Lectotypes are selected for Fusus bruijnii Tapparone-Canefri, 1876, Latirus carotianus Tapparone-Canefri, 1880, Peristernia castanoleuca Tapparone-Canefri, 1879, Lati-rus concinnus Tapparone-Canefri, 1880, Latirus forskalii Tapparone-Canefri, 1875, Latirus scabrosus var. nigritellus Tapparone-Canefri, 1882, Peristernia elegans var. papuensis Tapparone-Canefri, 1879 and Latirus fischerianus Tapparone-Canefri, 1882.

ISSN 0097-3157

INTRODUCTION

With the cooperation of museum staff, the authors have been able to examine the types of the nominally fasciolariid species in the collection of Cesare Maria Tapparone-Canefri (1838-1891). This material is now held at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” in Genoa, Italy. There is type material in unnumbered lots representing nine species, six of which are fasciolariids. Of the remainder, two are now placed in the Buccinidae and one in the Muricidae. All the lots but three contain material matching Tapparone-Canefri’s original descriptions, but several also contain extra shells belonging to other species and families and one named lot has been mixed up to the extent that none of the shells represents that species. By far the most interesting material is the type lot of Fusus bruijnii Tapparone-Canefri, 1876, a largely overlooked species that is redescribed here. Lectotype selections are here made to stabilize the names, many of which have remained in obscurity since their publication.

ABBREVIATIONS

ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, USAMSNG: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo

Doria”, Genoa, ItalySL: Shell length

SYSTEMATICS

Order Neogastropoda Wenz, 1938Family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853

Fusolatirus bruijnii (Tapparone-Canefri, 1876) n. comb.(Figs. 1-3)

Fusus bruijnii Tapparone-Canefri, 1876: 323.Fusus Bruynii [sic] Tapparone-Canefri – Troschel, 1879:

354.Fusus bruijnii Tapparone-Canefri – Tryon, 1881 in 1880-

81: 61.

Type material.—Lectotype, here selected, 37.2 mm SL (Fig. 1). Paralectotypes: 39.4 (Fig. 2), 39.0, 29.8 & 36.7 mm SL, from type locality. Type locality: “Ansus, Is. Giobi” (Miosnum (Jobi) Island off the western end of Yapen Island in Cenderawasih Bay, Papua New Guinea).

Other material examined.— 35.9 (Fig. 3), 32.9, 33.8, 33.0 & 29.9 mm SL, collected by diver at 4-5 meters on silt covered log, Laing Island, Hansa Bay, Papua New Guinea. ANSP 424987.

Redescription.—Shell of average size for genus (largest 39.4 mm SL, average 34.8 mm SL, n = 10), broad fusiform. Protoconch missing in all material examined, but minute, roughly 0.5 mm in final diameter. Teleoconch of nine whorls, bearing broad, rounded axial ribs of equal breadth to their intervals; ribs offset slightly, with differing degrees of alignment, becoming slightly reduced in height and somewhat more widely spaced on body whorl. Three or four major spiral cords on first two to three whorls, increasing in number to eight at point above terminus of suture; cords not weakening or thickening in crossing axial ribs. Single weak minor cord emerging between each major by third whorl. Cords persist over entire body whorl and to tip of neck, angle relative to axis steepening towards anterior end; minors strongest on anterior half of neck. Axial sculpture of very numerous fine but distinct growth flanges that decussate cords in crossing them. Suture deeply impressed, lying in channel between immediately

32 M.A. SNYDER AND P. CALLOMON

posterior and anterior cords. Aperture with smoothly curved sinuous columella

but distinctly quadrate outer lip in adults. Labral margin deeply serrated, with indents corresponding to termini of spiral cords. Labral wall bears smooth spiral lirae not corresponding in position to outer spiral sculpture; lirae terminate slightly before lip. Parietal wall smooth, strongly thickened; parietal margin detached from anterior half of aperture to distal terminus of canal. Canal deep, parallel-sided, smooth within. Neck sharply tapering, very broad at juncture with body whorl, somewhat recurved in distal half; tip rounded, fragile.

Shell exterior mid to dark orange-brown overall, with no patterning or staining. Interior of aperture paler brown, but inner lip margin somewhat darker.

Operculum typical for family; chitinous, dark brown, leaf-shaped with nucleus at anterior end. Animal not examined.

Remarks.—The original description of this species lacked a figure and there have been only two subsequent citations in literature, neither illustrated. Tryon (1880: 62) suggested that it might belong in Coralliophila [Muricidae: Coralliophilinae], but it is here placed in the peristerniine genus Fusolatirus on the basis of its shell characters, though the subsutural band bearing imbricate flanges that is commonly found in species of that genus is here highly reduced. Tapparone-Canefri compared F. bruijnii with Fusolatirus constrictus (Koch, 1845), but distinguished it by its color being “dark rust rather than orange”, its being “more elongated and less inflated” with a “longer tail” and in lacking the “deep umbilicus” of constrictus. He also distinguished the two on the shape and color of the aperture. Fusolatirus constrictus itself requires study; it is very difficult to distinguish from F. paetelianus (Küster & Kobelt, 1874), which may prove to be a synonym.

Peristernia carotiana (Tapparone-Canefri, 1880)(Figs. 4-6)

Turbinella ustulata Reeve – Küster and Kobelt, 1874 in 1844-1876: 87; 1876 in 1844-1876, pl. 22, figs. 4, 5. Non Turbinella ustulata Reeve, 1847: sp. 62.

Latirus carotianus Tapparone-Canefri, 1880: 79, pl. 3, figs 15, 16.

Latirus Carotianus [sic] Tapp. C. – Paetel, 1887 in 1887-8: 162.

Peristernia carotiana (Tapp.-Canefri) – Melvill, 1891: 408Peristernia carotiana Tapparone-Canefri – Schepman,

1911: 298.Type material.—Lectotype, here selected:

Tapparone-Canefri, 1880: pl. 3, figs. 15, 16 (Fig. 5).

Type locality: “Ile Maurice” (Mauritius). Tapparone-Canefri based this species on a shell figured by Küster and Kobelt and misidentified as Turbinella ustulata Reeve, 1847 (Fig. 4). In his description he also supplied his own illustration of the species, and Tryon (1881: pl. 65, fig. 86, as P. ustulata, but reproducing Küster and Kobelt’s figure) was the first to place the species in Peristernia. There is a lot in the Tapparone-Canefri type material labeled “Latirus carotianus”, but it contains eleven specimens of Planaxis lineata Da Costa, 1776 [Planaxidae]. We here select the specimen illustrated by Tapparone-Canefri (1880: pl. 3, figs. 15, 16) as the lectotype of this species. If Tapparone-Canefri did retain a specimen of Latirus carotianus in his collection, it might have been mixed in with one of the other type lots. One candidate was found in the lot containing the type of Peristernia castanoleuca, another in the type lot of Peristernia elegans papuensis, and a third, of 20.1 mm SL, in a separate container with a modern label reading simply “New Caledonia”. Judging from the original figure the last (Fig. 6) is most likely to have been Tapparone-Canefri’s specimen, but the subtlety of the morphological distinctions between species in this group makes it difficult to be certain, and it is not an exact match for the original figure. The locality “New Caledonia” is possibly an error. The other two shells (Figs. 7, 8) both represent a single species but apparently not Latirus carotianus. They have a shorter and broader canal than shown in either illustration, a purplish stain at the anterior end and somewhat less dense axial ribs.

Peristernia castanoleuca Tapparone-Canefri, 1879(Figs. 9- 11)

Peristernia castanoleuca Tapparone-Canefri, 1879: 318. Nomen novum for Turbinella philberti Récluz sensu Reeve, 1847: pl. 12, fig. 63 non Récluz, 1844a: 48; 1844b, sp. 93.

Latirus castaneoleucus [sic] Tapp. C. – Paetel, 1887 in 1887-8: 162.

Peristernia castanoleuca Tapparone – Hidalgo, 1904: 35; Faustino, 1928: 272.

Type material.—Lectotype, here selected: 26.2 mm SL (Fig. 10). Paralectotype: 23.8 mm SL (Fig. 11). Type locality: Philippine Islands (Cuming collection). The single labeled lot contains four shells, two of which are Peristernia castanoleuca, and we here designate the larger one as the lectotype (Fig. 10). This species has seldom been cited in the literature and has often been confused with Turbinella philberti Récluz, 1844, but is here considered valid. Coloration varies somewhat in this species, as shown by the present paralectotype (Fig. 11).

TAPPARONE-CANEFRI’S FASCIOLARIID TYPE MATERIAL AT THE GENOA NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 33

The lot also contains a specimen of Peristernia zealandica (Küster and Kobelt, 1876), which Tapparone-Canefri unnecessarily renamed in 1879 as Peristernia kobeltiana, and another fasciolariid (Fig. 8) that resembles Latirus carotianus but does not apparently represent that species.

Latirus concinnus Tapparone-Canefri, 1880(Fig. 12)

Latirus concinnus Tapparone-Canefri, 1880: 79, pl. 2, figs. 10-11.

Type material.—Lectotype, here selected: 25.9 mm SL (Fig. 12). Type locality: “Ile Maurice” (Mauritius). The single specimen in the lot is here designated as the lectotype. Salisbury (1982: 6) suggested that this name represents a golden color form of L. maculatus (Reeve, 1847) (Fig. 13), with which the present authors concur.

Peristernia forskalii Tapparone-Canefri, 1875(Fig. 14)

Latirus forskalii Tapparone-Canefri, 1875: 616, pl. 19, fig. 4

Type material.—Lectotype, here selected: 19.8 mm SL (Fig. 14). Type locality: Red Sea.

The single specimen in the lot is here designated as the lectotype. This is a well-known species. It was placed in Peristernia by Kobelt (1876: 26) and illustrated by Kilburn (1972: fig. 12) and Abbott and Dance (1981: 187) among others. Some authors, including Tryon (1881 in 1880-81: 259), have cited it as a subspecies of P. nassatula (Lamarck, 1822), but the present authors consider the two to be distinct.

Peristernia nigritella (Tapparone-Canefri, 1882) n. comb.(Fig. 15)

Latirus scabrosus var. nigritellus Tapparone-Canefri, 1882: 36, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13.

Type material.—Lectotype, here selected: 32.3 mm SL (Fig. 15). Type locality: “J’ignore la patrie de ce mollusque” (unknown).

The lot contains a single specimen of 32.3 mm SL (Fig. 15), which we here designate as the lectotype. This species has apparently not been cited in literature since its description. Tryon (1881 in 1880-81: 83) placed P. scabrosa (Reeve, 1847) in synonymy with P. chlorostoma (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825). He included Latirus scabrosa var. gracilior (Küster & Kobelt, 1876) in the synonymy,

but did not mention nigritella. Nothing is known of the geographical distribution of this species, but it is sufficiently distinct from all its known congeners to warrant full species status.

Family Buccinidae

Engina papuensis (Tapparone-Canefri, 1879) n. comb. (Fig. 16)

Peristernia elegans var. papuensis Tapparone-Canefri, 1879: 325.

Type material.—Lectotype, here selected: 21.2 mm SL (Fig. 16). Type locality: “Port Dorey, Nouvelle-Guinée" (Manokwari, Irian Jaya, Indonesia).

This lot consists of three specimens, only one of which represents papuensis. There was no original figure, but the shell here selected as the lectotype agrees in all particulars with the original description. This species has apparently only been cited once in literature since its description, and is known only from the type locality. From its shell characters it apparently belongs in Engina, though Cernohorsky (1971: 157) placed it as a synonym of Cantharus (Pollia) pulchra, now Clivipollia pulchra (Reeve, 1846).

Of the other specimens in the lot, one is Peristernia lirata (Pease, 1868) and the other is a fasciolariid (Fig. 7) that resembles but apparently does not represent Latirus carotianus.

Engina paulucciae (Tapparone-Canefri, 1879)(Fig. 17)

Peristernia paulucciae Tapparone-Canefri, 1879: 325; 1880, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15.

There is a single specimen in the sole MSNG lot that bears this name. It does not agree well with Tapparone-Canefri’s figure, either in size or sculpture, having considerably coarser spiral cords and a narrower apertural margin with less prominent dentition. Its label shows it to have originated in the Della Chiaje collection. This shell might nevertheless represent the variant that Tapparone-Canefri described thus: “Cette coquille offre une variété plus petite et d’une coloration uniformement plus claire” [This shell has a variant that is smaller and has a uniformly paler coloration]. However, its description as a distinct variant would exclude it from the type series of E. paulucciae. It is here shown for reference.

Turbinella incarnata Deshayes, 1830 was placed in the genus Latirus [Fasciolariidae] by Tapparone-Canefri

34 M.A. SNYDER AND P. CALLOMON

(1876: 616) and Tomlin and Salisbury (1928: 33) placed paulucciae in the synonymy of incarnata. Cernohorsky (1971: 161) conserved this synonymy but in turn moved incarnata to Engina [Buccinidae].

Family Muricidae

Orania fischeriana (Tapparone-Canefri, 1882)(Fig. 18)

Latirus fischerianus Tapparone-Canefri, 1882: 33, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9.

Type material.—Lectotype, here selected: 12.1 mm SL (Fig. 18). Type locality: "Nouvelle-Caledonie” (New Caledonia).

The single specimen in the lot is here designated as the lectotype. This species was discussed by Houart (1995: 269), who placed it in Orania. He stated that “the type material has not been located”. In the original description Tapparone-Canefri specifically mentioned at least one specimen in his own collection. The lectotype matches his figure well, although the printed scale bar is slightly longer (12.4 mm).

Other lots examined.—Latirus funiculatus Tapparone-Canefri, 1882. The lot labeled with this name contains three specimens, none of which are L. funiculatus. There is not even close agreement with the original figure, which resembles a Benimakia [Fasciolariidae]. Neither do any of the three agree with the shell incorrectly illustrated by Cernohorsky (1978: 92, pl. 29, fig. 4) as Latirus funiculatus. One specimen is Peristernia lirata (Pease, 1868), and the other two are conspecific with each other but probably not fasciolariid. They may be undescribed, and likely belong in either the Buccinidae or Muricidae. The whereabouts of the type material of L. funiculatus remain unclear.

The putative MSNG type material contains two further lots in addition to those examined above. Both represent the family Costellariidae but are labeled simply “Is. Mauritius”. One comprises eight specimens of Vexillum unifasciale (Lamarck, 1811) and the other is a single specimen of V. crocatum (Lamarck, 1811).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to thank MSNG director Dr. Roberto Poggi, and curators Drs. Giuliano Doria and Maria Tavano for their collaboration and loan of specimens. Invaluable contributions and modifications to the manuscript were made by Mr. W. G. Lyons of St. Petersburg, Florida, and Dr. J. Leal of Sanibel, Florida.

Thanks are also due to Mr. Gene Everson of Louisville, Kentucky for his collection and contribution to the Academy of Natural Sciences of specimens of Fusus bruijnii.

LITERATURE CITED

Abbott, R. T. & Dance, S. P. 1982. Compendium of Seashells: a color guide to more than 4,200 of the world’s marine shells. New York, E. P. Dutton. ix + 411 p.

Cernohorsky, W. O. 1971. Indo-Pacific Pisaniinae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) and related buccinid genera. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 8: 137-167.

Cernohorsky, W. O. 1978. Tropical Pacific marine shells. Sydney: Pacific Publications. 352 p, 68 pls.

Faustino, L. A. 1928. Summary of Philippine Marine and Fresh-water Mollusks. Bureau of Science, Manila, Monograph No. 25.

Hidalgo, J. G. 1904. Catalogo de los Moluscos Testáceos de las Islas Filipinas, Joló y Marianas. I. Moluscos Marinos. Madrid. xvi + 408 p.

Houart, R. 1995. The Ergalataxinae (Gastropoda, Muricidae) from the New Caledonia region with some comments on the subfamily and the description of thirteen new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Section A (Zoologie, biologie et écologie animales), Série 4, 16 (2-4): 245-297, figs. 1-153.

Kilburn, R. N. 1972. Taxonomic notes on South African marine Mollusca (2), with the description of new species and subspecies of Conus, Nassarius, Vexillum and Demoulia. Annals of the Natal Museum 21 (2): 391-437.

Küster, H. C. and W. Kobelt. 1844-1876. Die geschwäntzen unbewehrten Purpurschnecken. Erste hälfte: Turbinella und Fasciolaria In: H. C. Küster (Ed.) Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, 2nd ed. 3 (3a): 1-164, pls. 1-32, 9a, 9b, 13b.

Melvill, J. C. 1891. An historical account of the genus Latirus (Montfort) and its dependencies with descriptions of eleven new species and a catalogue of Latirus and Peristernia. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, series 4:365-411, pl. 2.

Paetel, Fr. 1887-88. Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung von Fr. Paetel. Vol. I. Verlag von Gebrüder Paetel, Berlin. 639 + [16] p.

Pease, W.H. 1868. Description of a new species of genus Latirus, Montf. American Journal of Conchology 4 (3): 152.

TAPPARONE-CANEFRI’S FASCIOLARIID TYPE MATERIAL AT THE GENOA NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 35

Récluz, C. 1844a. Descriptions de trois coquilles univalves provenant des îles Philippines. Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 7:48-49.

Récluz, C. 1844b [Description and illustration of Turbinella philberti]. Magazin de Zoologie 6:sp. 91.

Reeve, L. A. 1847. Monograph of the genus Turbinella. Conchologia Iconica 4: pls. 1-13, unpaginated text.

Salisbury, R. 1982. Notes on shell identifications. Hawaiian Shell News 30 (10): 6-7.

Schepman, M. M. 1911. The Prosobranchia of the Siboga Expedition. Part IV. Rhachiglossa. p. 247-363, pls. 18-24. In M. Weber (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie…1899-1900. Monograph 49.

Tapparone-Canefri, C. M. 1875. Viaggio dei signori O. Antinori, O. Beccari ed A. Issel nel mar Rosso, nel territorio del Bogos, e regioni circostanti durante gli anni 1870-1871. Studio monografico sopra i Muricidi del mar Rosso. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 7:569-630.

Tapparone-Canefri, C. M. 1876. Contribuzioni per una fauna malacologica della Isole Papuane. III. Molluschi della Baia di Geelwinck inviati dai sig. O. Beccari, L.M. D’Albertis e A.A. Bruijn. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 8:323-332.

Tapparone-Canefri, C. M. 1879. Museum Pauluccianum. Études malacologiques. Journal de Conchyliologie 27:316-327.

Tapparone-Canefri, C. M. 1880. Glanures dans la faune malacologique de I’Île Maurice. Catalogue de la famille des Muricidés (Woodward). Annales de la Société Malacologique de Belgique 15(1): 1-100, pls. 2, 3. [Also issued as a separate, Bruxelles, 1881].

Tapparone-Canefri, C. M. 1882. Museum Pauluccianum. Études malacologiques. Journal de Conchyliologie 30:22-37.

Tomlin, J. R. Le B. and Salisbury, A. E. 1928. Laborde’s “Voyage” and the mollusca therein described by Deshayes. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 18:27-48.

Troschel, F. H. 1879. Bericht über die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Mollusken während des Jahres 1878. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 45(2): 319-380.

Tryon, G. W. 1880-1881. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Volume 3. Tritonidae, Fusidae, Buccinidae. Philadelphia. 310 p., 87 pls. [1-64, 1880; 65-310, pls. 25-87, 1881].

36 M.A. SNYDER AND P. CALLOMON

Plate 1. Fig. 1. Fusolatirus bruijnii Lectotype, 37.2 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 2. Fusolatirus bruijnii Paralectotype, 39.4 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 3. Fusolatirus bruijnii 35.9 mm SL. ANSP 424987. Fig. 4. Peristernia carotianus. Küster and Kobelt, 1876, pl. 22 figs. 4 (4a) & 5 (4b). Fig. 5. Peristernia carotianus. Tapparone-Canefri 1880, pl. 3, figs 15 (5a) & 16 (5b). Fig. 6. Peristernia carotianus. 20.1 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 7. Peristernia sp. 21.6 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 8. Peristernia sp. 20.7 mm SL. MSNG.

TAPPARONE-CANEFRI’S FASCIOLARIID TYPE MATERIAL AT THE GENOA NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 37

Plate 2. Fig. 9. Peristernia castanoleuca. Reeve, 1847: pl. 12, fig. 63a (9a) & 63b (9b). Fig. 10. Peristernia castanoleuca. Lectotype, 26.2 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 11. Peristernia castanoleuca. Paralectotype, 23.8 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 12. Latirus concinnus. Lectotype, 25.9 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 13. Latirus maculatus. 27.4 mm SL, Cebu Province, Philippines. ANSP 424988. Fig. 14. Latirus forskalii. Lectotype, 19.8 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 15. Peristernia scabrosa nigritella. Lectotype, 32.3 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 16. Engina elegans papuensis. Lectotype, 21.2 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 17. Engina cf. paulucciae. 22.0 mm SL. MSNG. Fig. 18. Orania fischerianus. Lectotype, 12. 1 mm SL. MSNG.

38 M.A. SNYDER AND P. CALLOMON

Plate 3. Original labels from Tapparone-Canefri’s own collection (upper) and the MSNG (lower) for all the type lots in the order examined here.