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100
(AU)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 (nm) 700
100
(AU)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
[ACPE] mg mL¯ 1
100
75
50
25
0
00.03 0.03 1.0[Verapamil] µM
0.3
SpontaneousK (80 mM)+
(b)
%ofcontrol
100
75
50
25
0
0.3 3.0 30.0
%ofcontrol
SpontaneousK (80 mM)+
(c)
[Papaverine] µM
100
75
50
25
0
-4.5 -3.5 -2.5 -1.5
Log [Ca ] M++
ControlPapaverine (3 µM)Papaverine (10 µM)
(c)
%ofcontrolmaximum
%ofcontrol maximum
-4.5 -3.5 -2.5 -1.5Log [Ca ] M++
ControlVerapamil (0.01 µM)Verapamil (0.03 µM)
(b)100
75
50
25
0
ControlACPE (0.3 mg mL¯ )1ACPE (1.0 mg mL¯ )1
100
75
50
25
0
%ofcontrolmaximum
-4.5 -3.5 -2.5 -1.5Log [Ca ] M++
(a)
(c)
100
75
50
25
0
Control(%)
0.3 3
Carbachol (1 µM)K (80 mM)+
30
(b)
Carbachol (1 µM)K (80 mM)+
100
75
50
25
0
Control(%)
0.03 0.3 103
(a)
[Verapamil] µM
[Papaverine] µM
Control(%)
0.1 1 3ACPE (mg mL¯ )1
IsoprenalineACPE (0.1 mg mL¯ )1ACPE (0.3 mg mL¯ )1
100
75
50
25
0
CChmaxcontrol(%)
0.001 0.01 0.1 0.3Isoprenaline (µM)
(a)
IsoprenalinePapaverine (3 µM)Papaverine (1 µM)
100
75
50
25
0
CChmaxcontrol(%)
0.001 0.01 0.1 0.3Isoprenaline (µM)
(b)
**
***
*
**
***
100
75
50
25
0
CCh-inducedbronchoconstrictionmax(%)
(a)
100
75
50
25
0
CCh-inducedbronchoconstrictionmax(%)
(b)
Continue 3 10 30ACPE (mg kg¯ )1
Continue 3 10 30
Aminophylline (mg kg¯ )1
ns
