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النطاقات المناخية والغطاء النباتي في العالم
اليوسري.ذ : اعداد
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العوامل المفسرة لتوزيع النطاقات المناخية والغطاء : أوالالنباتي في العالم
توزيع النطاقات المناخية على سطح األرض
اعداد اليوسري
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تتوزع عناصر المناخ من حرارة وتساقطات ورياح بصفة عامة لذلك فان الموقع في العرض يعتبر عامال أساسيا .على شكل نطاقي
. في تحديد طبيعة المناخ
:وهكذا يمكن التمييز بين ثالثة نطا قات مناخية
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٬ ويقع بين مداري السرطان شماال والجدي جنوبا النطاق الحار -*) الصحراوي -المداري -المناخ االستوائي". ( درجة 33ْ"
المناخ .( 66درجة و33ويقع بين خطي عرضالنطاق المعتدل٬ -*)المناخ القاري - المناخ المحيطي -المتوسطي
درجة 90درجة و ٬66 ويقع بين خطي عرض النطاق البارد -*)األقاليم القطبية -األقاليم الجبلية.( شماال وجنوبا
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.تفسير توزيع النطاقات المناخية
المسافة الفاصلة بين الشمس والنطاق -اختالف زاوية سقوط أشعة الشمس على سطح -
األرض تبعا الختالف الفصول مما يؤدي إلى اختالف درجات الحرارة
. اختالف توزيع التساقطات فوق الكرة األرضية -وتعتبر المناطق االستوائية والمدارية األكثر
.غزارة
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وكلما كانت زاوية سقوط األشعة صغيرة كلما انتشرت هذه األشعة على مساحة اكبر٬ وارتفعت نسبة البياض٬ الشيء الذي يجعل قوة الطاقة الحرارية الواصلة
.ضعيفةيؤثران بصفة ) أي زاوية سقوط األشعة وسمك الغالف الجوي(هذان العامالن
كبيرة على توزيع الطاقة الشمسية على سطح األرض ويؤثران بشكل ملحوظ على .التوزيع الجغرافي للنطاقات المناخية
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قسم من اإلشعاع الشمسي يعكس بمجرد وصوله إلى سطح و الذي تتحكم فيه زاوية بالبياض األرض وهو ما يسمى
القسم الغير سقوط األشعة٬ ولون سطح األرض٬ أما فإنه يساهم في تسخين القشرة –أي الممتص -المعكوسإعادة هذا اإلشعاع إلى الجو يكون على شكل إشعاع . األرضيةذو ) خاصة في الليل عند غياب اإلشعاع الشمسي(ارضي
أي األشعة تحت الحمراء –موجات طويلة غير مرئية
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متوسط درجة الحرارة
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خريطة توزيع التساقطات في العالم
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توزيع المناخ والغطاء النباتي - ثانيا
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أنواع املناخ السائدة يف العامل
مناخ صحراوي- مناخ مداري رطب -مناخ استوائي - مناخ قاري -مناخ محيطي - مناخ متوسطي - مناخ صينيمناخ قطبي -مناخ جبلي - مناخ موسمي -
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- LjƧ LjҗǛـƾƵǚ ơǛƖ ƤƵǚǃ ҹǛƾƺƵǚ ƜljַײDŽҗ ﬞ ǛҸƵǚ ƩǛƖ ƾƵǚ
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Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
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النطاق المعتدلتوزيع المناخ والغطاء النباتي في -
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ناطق المناخ المحيطي في العالم
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Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
Evaluation notes were added to the output document. To get rid of these notes, please order your copy of ePrint 5.0 now.
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:النطاق الباردتوزيع المناخ والغطاء النباتي في -
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نطاق التوندرا
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نطاق التوندرا
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اعداد ا ليوسري
اعداداليوسري
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