Unit 2 Gilded Age Westward Expansion, Native

Americans and Industrialization

“Manifest Destiny”

First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federal development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

Westward Expansion Set in the frontier (line between areas of

settlement and those areas dominated by nature and native Americans)

US Frontier consisted of Great Plains, mountains, deserts and basins of the far west

Discovery of Gold and Silver

Miners are attracted to the far west by discovery of precious metals

California Gold Rush of 1849

Klondike Gold Rush—Gold found in Yukon, near Alaska in 1896

Transcontinental Railroad (1869)

Made travel to the West Coast easier Helped to close the final frontier and

open the region to settlement

Homestead Act (1862)

Made federal land available to settlers Used mostly by Farmers Farmers had to overcome lack of rain

by:-digging water wells-making sod houses-barbed wire -steel plows

Ranchers

Drove cattle on long “drives” across the open range to rail lines

Push and Pull factors

Read the following push and pull factors On your notesheet rerank the push and pull

factors based on what you think would be the most important reason to head west

Then in 15 words explain your chart

Native Americans

Policy toward Native American Indians

US wanted to defeat the Indians to close the final frontier and open the region to settlement

Factors that eroded Native American control of the West

-Forced removal (Trail of Tears)

-Flood of settlers-Warfare-Destruction of Natural

Environment

Indian Wars Federal troops defeated Sioux and

other tribes on the Great Plains and Southwest, forcing them onto reservations

Policy of US govt was to move native Americans to western reservations

Dawes Act (1887) Sought to help

“Americanize” Native Americans, had the opposite effect

-threatened tribal ways-hunters, not farmers-infertile lands-reservation life Abolished Native

American tribes, and allotted tribal lands to individual Indians who often sold them

American Indian Citizenship Act (1924)

Granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the US

Quick Write

The opportunities and conflicts that existed as Americans moved westward consisted of ___________, _____________, and ___________.

Write you own verse to Home on the Range about the impact of the settlement of the West on different groups of people.

Your song should have four lines one for miners, ranchers, settlers and Indians, describing one important effect that group had on the settlement of the West

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJJGikSD9ho

Westward Expansion Acrostic

Using the word frontier, create an acrostic poem

Industrialization

Quick Write What are the three most important

innovations, or inventions, of your lifetime?

--write them down on your notesheet be prepared to share

Rise of American Industry American industrialization proceeded

at a rapid pace in the decades after the Civil War

Rise of American Industry

Contribution of Government Protection of property and contracts Passing of protective tariffs System of patents fostered new

inventions

Free Enterprise System Encourages

entrepreneurs to develop new industries and expand them

Individuals are free to produce and sell whatever they wish

People go into business to make a profit

Free Enterprise System Prices are set by supply and demand Inefficient companies that are unable

to compete go out of business

Emergence of Modern Industrial Economy in the U.S.

Growth of Population, rise of corporate form of business and skills of entrepreneurs allowed US economy to grow

Development of the corporation as a business organization

No longer just individuals but shareholders with “stocks”

Expansion of Railroads

Development of the Transcontinental Railroad and other new railroad lines:

- improved travel to the west- Created a demand for steel - Tied the country together- Created a national market from coast to coast

Technological Progress Bessemer Process in

steel production Electricity gave birth to

new industries and inventions:

-Sewing machine-Typewriter-Telegraph-Telephone (Alexander

Graham Bell) Oil industry replaced

whale industry All contributed to

America’s economic growth

To get an idea of the significance of some of the inventions of this period, compare the impact of a few of the inventions today to the impact inventions around the turn of the century might have had on people’s lives.

Which do you think had a greater impact on the people of its time: computer or the typewriter?

Which do you think had a greater impact on the people of its time: cell phones or the telegraph?

Which do you think had a greater impact on the people of its time: the Internet or electricity?

Quick Write Was the rise of industry good for the

United States?

The rise of Industry was (good/bad) for the US because of _____________ and _____________, ______________.

Graph Question Which of the following factors do you

feel was most important to America’s growth in the Gilded Age?

-Inventions and technology-Rise of large industry-Relationship between big business and the government 1. List the factor you choose 2. Why you think that factor is most

important (Look at your graph)