CH. 13 MASS SOCIETY AND DEMOCRACY

The first Industrial Revolution focused on railroads, textiles, iron, and coal.

The second Industrial Revolution will give rise to steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum.

First major change in industry will be the substitution of steel for iron.

Electricity was a major new form of energy that could be easily converted into other forms of energy.

INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY

Thomas Edison- given credit for the invention of the light bulb.

Communication Revolution occurred when Alexandria Graham Bell invented the telephone.

The internal- combustion engine would

provide a new source of power for transportation.

WORKING CLASS ORGANIZES

The working and living conditions of the working class will drive them to form socialist parties and trade unions.

Karl Marx- author of the Communist Manifesto which pointed out problems with capitalism and provided an alternative that would become communism.

Over time these socialist parties organized into political parties and competed in elections to enact change.

CONT.

As the 19th century drew to a close the new industrial world was giving rise to the emergence of a mass society.

CH.13 SEC. 3 THE NATIONAL STATE & DEMOCRACY

Western Europe had made progress by the 19th century in establishing political democracy.

Great Britain- is ruled by a two-party parliamentary system consisting of liberals and conservatives.

France- the second empire falls and gives way to the Third Republic.

CH.13 SEC.3 CONT.

Italy- was considered a unified nation in 1870 but this was far from the truth.

Northern Italy was heavily industrialized while the south was poverty stricken.

Central and Eastern Europe pursue polices of the Old Order.

Germany- under emperor William II will become the strongest country in terms of it’s military and industry sector.

CH.13 SEC. 3 CONT. Russia- under Nicholas II would continue

to support the conservative movement. With industrialization however change

would come in the form of socialist parties.

Power Struggles Germany upset the balance of power set

up at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The Triple Alliance of 1882- united

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

CRISES IN THE BALKANS

Triple Entente- united Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Balkans The rivalry between Austria-Hungary

and Russia over the former states of the Ottoman Empire would set the stage for WWI.

Austria Hungary annexed Serbia which was supported by the Russians.