View
213
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Developments (last 20 years)
Increasing interest in and advocacy for mixed methods
Evolving understanding of what is mixed methods research
Developing designs and innovative techniques
“The emergence of mixed methods as a third methodological movement in the social and behavioral sciences began during the 1980’s.” (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003: 697)
2
Development of NIH guidelines (1999)
- Mentioned severalapproaches for combiningqualitative and quantitative research- Advanced considerations for deciding what model to use (literatureavailable, prior studies, realistic design, expertise)- Suggested to describe each method thoroughly
“Combining qualitative and quantitative methods has gained broad appeal in public health research.” (1999)
4
Editors: John W. Creswell and Abbas TashakkoriManaging Editor: Vicki L.Plano Clark
Email: [email protected]
JournalsDevoted toMixed Methods:FieldworkQuality andQuantityMixed MethodApproaches
A NewJournal
5
Conferences
Mixed Methods Conference, Cambridge, England, July 21-24, 2008
Proposed mixed methods conference, Sydney, Australia, 2009
Discipline conferences with mixed methods papers
6
Critics (Creswell, 2007) Is there a post-positivist leaning to mixed methods?
Howe, K. R. (2004). A critique of experimentalism. Qualitative Inquiry, 10, 42-61.
Giddings, L. S. (2006). Mixed-methods research: Positivism dressed in drag? Journal of Research in Nursing, 11(3), 195-2003.
Holmes, C. A. (2007). Mixed(up) methods, methodology and interpretive frameworks. Contributed paper for the Mixed Methods Conference, Cambridge, University, July 10-12, 2006.
What are the limits for mixed methods research? Sale, J. E. M., Lohfeld, L. H., Brazil, K. (2002). Revisiting the quantitative-
qualitative debate: Implications for mixed-methods research. Quality and Quantity, 36, 43-53.
Leahey, E. (2007). Convergence and confidentiality? Limits to the implementation of mixed methodology. Social Science Research, 36, 149-158.
Is there a dominant discourse in mixed methods research?• Freshwater, D. (2007). Reading mixed methods research: Contexts for
criticism. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 134-146.
7
Mixed methods is not that different from other methods
Collecting data
Analyzing and interpreting data
Identifying a purpose and stating questions
Reporting and evaluating the study
Identifying a research problem
Reviewing the literature
8
Mixed Methods within Designs
Ethnography Case Study Research Narrative research Experimental research
Qual ----- Quan Qual----- Quan Qual-----Quan Qual---- Quan
9
What is this Method Called?
Multi-method Triangulation Integrated Combined Quantitative and qualitative methods Multi-methodology Mixed methodology Mixed-method Mixed research Mixed methods
10
Mixing (How)
Results
Connect data:
Results
Converge data:
Embed the data:
Quan data
Qual data
Qual Quan
Qual Quan
11
Mixing – Why?
Validity – to corroborate quan and qual data Offset – offset weaknesses of quan and qual and draw on strengths Completeness – more comprehensive account that qual or quan alone Process – quan provides outcomes; qual, the processes Explanation – qual can explain quan results or vice-versa Unexpected results – surprising results from one, other explains Instrument development – qual employed to design instrument Credibility – both approaches enhance integrity of findings Context – qual provides context; quan provides general. Utility – more useful to practitioners
12
Smith & Heshusius, (1986)
“Incompatibility thesis”
“The contention of thispaper is that the claim ofcompatibility, let alone one of synthesis, cannot besustained.” (p. 4)
Purist Stance
13
“Single” Paradigm Stance
Pragmatism (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003) Focus on research question What “works,” consequences Multiple methods – large toolkit
Transformative (Mertens, 2003) Transform lives of underrepresented, marginalized groups Incorporate this focus into all phases of research
14
Developing Designs and Innovative Techniques
Notation Typologies Diagrams of procedures Complex evaluation models Reconceptualizing designs Emergence of innovations in procedures
Unusual blends Methodological issues Data analysis techniques Presentation techniques
Key Developments
15
Preliminary Design Considerations (Morse, 1991)
Approach Type Purpose Limitations Resolutions
QUAL + quan Simultaneous Enrich description of sample
Qualitative sample
Utilize normative data for comparison of results
QUAL Sequential Test emerging H, determine distribution of phenomenon in population
Qualitative sample
Draw adequate random sample from same population
QUAN + qual Simultaneous To describe part of phenomena that cannot be quantified
Quantitative sample
Select appropriate theoretical sample from random sample
QUAN Sequential To examine unexpected results
Quantitative sample
Select appropriate theoretical sample from random sample
quan
qual
16
QUANData & Results
QUANData & Results InterpretationInterpretation
QUALData & Results
QUALData & Results
QUANPre-test Data & Results
QUANPre-test Data & Results
QUANPost-test
Data & Results
QUANPost-test
Data & Results
Intervention
qualProcess
qualProcess
InterpretationInterpretation
Triangulation Design
Embedded Design
Concurrent Mixed Methods Designs
Parsimonious Designs (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007)
17
Sequential Designs Mixed Methods Designs
QUANData & Results
QUANData & Results
InterpretationInterpretation
qualData & Results
qualData & Results
Following up
QUALData & Results
QUALData & Results
quanData & Results
quanData & Results InterpretationInterpretation
Building to
Before-intervention
qual
Before-intervention
qual
QUANIntervention
Trial
QUANIntervention
Trial
After-
intervention qual
After-
intervention qual InterpretationInterpretation
Exploratory Design
Explanatory Design
Sequential Embedded Design