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What is Ecology?What is

Ecology?

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Organisms and Their Environme

nt

Organisms and Their Environme

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What is Ecology??What is Ecology??What is Ecology??What is Ecology??

•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..

• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.

•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..

• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.

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Habitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & Niche•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives

•NicheNiche is an is an organism’s organism’s total way of total way of lifelife

•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives

•NicheNiche is an is an organism’s organism’s total way of total way of lifelife

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The Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironmentThe Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironment

• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.

• Examples Examples include air include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.

• Abiotic factors Abiotic factors affect an affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.

• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.

• Examples Examples include air include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.

• Abiotic factors Abiotic factors affect an affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.

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Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors

include air, water, soil, include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of temperature, wind, source of

energy (usually sun)energy (usually sun)

include air, water, soil, include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of temperature, wind, source of

energy (usually sun)energy (usually sun)

AA

a, ana, an (G) prefix not, without(G) prefix not, withouta, ana, an (G) prefix not, without(G) prefix not, without

aatoxictoxicaatoxictoxicaamoralmoralaamoralmoralaabioticbioticaabioticbioticaamusiamusiaaamusiamusia

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The Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living Environment

•Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.

•All All organisms depend organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectlyindirectly for food, for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.

•Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.

•All All organisms depend organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectlyindirectly for food, for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.

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Biotic FactorsBiotic FactorsBioBio

bio(s), bio(t)bio(s), bio(t) (G) root (G) root lifelife

bio(s), bio(t)bio(s), bio(t) (G) root (G) root lifelife

include plants, animals, fungi, include plants, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms

include plants, animals, fungi, include plants, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms

biobiologylogybiobiostatisticsstatisticsbiobiographgraphyy

biobiotechnolotechnologygy

biobiospherespherebiobiomechanicsmechanicsbiotbioticicbiobiofeedbafeedbackck

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interact with interact with each other in each other in complex wayscomplex ways

interact with interact with each other in each other in complex wayscomplex ways

Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors

also interact also interact with abiotic with abiotic

factors in the factors in the ecosystemecosystem

also interact also interact with abiotic with abiotic

factors in the factors in the ecosystemecosystem

parasitism parasitism mutualism mutualism

competitioncompetition

parasitism parasitism mutualism mutualism

competitioncompetition

dependent upon dependent upon water, minerals, water, minerals,

temperature, temperature, lightlight

dependent upon dependent upon water, minerals, water, minerals,

temperature, temperature, lightlight

such assuch as

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

BioticBiotic

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

AbioticAbiotic

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

AbioticAbiotic

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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

BioticBiotic

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Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization

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Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of Organization• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized

the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in takes part in different levels different levels according to complexityaccording to complexity..

• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in takes part in different levels different levels according to complexityaccording to complexity..

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11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization•Organism:Organism:

An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops

•Organism:Organism:An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops

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22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Population:Population:

A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same speciesspecies, which , which interbreedinterbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

•Population:Population:A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same speciesspecies, which , which interbreedinterbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

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33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization

•Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different speciesspecies that that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.

•Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different speciesspecies that that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.

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44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization•Ecosystem:Ecosystem:

Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with given area with the abiotic the abiotic components of components of that area. that area. (terrestrial or (terrestrial or aquatic)aquatic)

•Ecosystem:Ecosystem: Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with given area with the abiotic the abiotic components of components of that area. that area. (terrestrial or (terrestrial or aquatic)aquatic)

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do not necessarily have clear do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to boundaries due to bioticbiotic and and abioticabiotic

changeschanges

do not necessarily have clear do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to boundaries due to bioticbiotic and and abioticabiotic

changeschanges

EcosystemsEcosystems

BioticBioticBioticBiotic AbioticAbioticAbioticAbiotic

migration, seed migration, seed dispersal dispersal

migration, seed migration, seed dispersal dispersal

flood, erosion, flood, erosion, droughtdrought

flood, erosion, flood, erosion, droughtdrought

can change daily as things move can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to anotherfrom one ecosystem to another

can change daily as things move can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to anotherfrom one ecosystem to another

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55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization

•Biome:Biome:a major regional a major regional or global biotic or global biotic community, a community, a super super ecosystemecosystem, , defined chiefly defined chiefly by the dominant by the dominant forms of plant forms of plant life and the life and the prevailing prevailing climateclimate

•Biome:Biome:a major regional a major regional or global biotic or global biotic community, a community, a super super ecosystemecosystem, , defined chiefly defined chiefly by the dominant by the dominant forms of plant forms of plant life and the life and the prevailing prevailing climateclimate

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What level of What level of organization?organization?What level of What level of organization?organization?

OrganismOrganism

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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

CommunityCommunity

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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

PopulationPopulation

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Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organizationsmallest smallest unit of unit of living living thingsthings

smallest smallest unit of unit of living living thingsthings

group of group of similar cells similar cells organized organized to work to work togethertogether

group of group of similar cells similar cells organized organized to work to work togethertogether

group of group of different different kinds of kinds of tissues tissues working working togethertogether

group of group of different different kinds of kinds of tissues tissues working working togethertogether

group of group of organs organs working working togethertogether

group of group of organs organs working working togethertogether

one one individual individual

living thingliving thing

one one individual individual

living thingliving thing

all all organisms organisms

of the same of the same kind living kind living in one areain one area

all all organisms organisms

of the same of the same kind living kind living in one areain one area

all all interacting interacting populations populations

in an in an ecosystem ecosystem

all all interacting interacting populations populations

in an in an ecosystem ecosystem

all living all living and and

nonliving nonliving things things

interacting interacting within a within a

certain area certain area

all living all living and and

nonliving nonliving things things

interacting interacting within a within a

certain area certain area

large region large region with typical with typical plants and plants and

animals animals that that

includes includes several several

ecosystems ecosystems

large region large region with typical with typical plants and plants and

animals animals that that

includes includes several several

ecosystems ecosystems

cell