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2010/EPWG/SEM1/003
The Community Paradigm of Integrating Disaster Risk Governance into Disaster Recovery and
Rehabilitation in China
Submitted by: Beijing Normal University
Seminar on Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Disaster Recovery and
Rehabilitation Sichuan, China
27-29 September 2010
The Community Paradigm of Integrating Disaster Risk Governance into Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation in China—Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development
Peijun ShiState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,
Key Laboratory of Enviroment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, MoCA &MoE
Beijing Normal University
Seminar on Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Disaster Recovery and RehabilitationAPEC and The Ministry of Civil Affairs, P.R. China September 27-29, 2010 ,Chengdu,China
1. One Idea –Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction andNew Development
2. One Example –Greensburg Rebuilding , KS, USA
3. One Paradigm – The Community Paradigm of Integrated Disaster Risk Governance in China
OUTLINE
One Idea–Consilience Between Disaster RiskReduction and New Development
A Chinese Way of Thinking for Dealing with Disaster Risk Reduction
• 天地人和(Nature, Living environment and People)– Better understanding the relationship among three components in the Earth’s system(Nature, Living environment and People), their interaction and processes.
• 天人合一(Harmony between nature and people)– Changes both in Nature and human society (People) must be coordinated with each other in spatial‐temporal scale and magnitude.
– Emphasis of speed of development
Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development
Consilience
Cooperation
Coordinaton
融会贯通(Integration and Consilience)
New Development
Disaster Recovery
Disaster Rehabilitation
Construction
One Example –Greensburg Rebuilding after Kansas Tornado May 4,2007, USA
Tornado May 4,2007, USA Greensburg Kansas
• The highest rating on the Enhanced Fugita Scale of over 300 m.p.h. winds exhibited to the world. The width was distinguishable of 1.7 miles wide. A twenty minute forewarning of the whistle’s piercing blow.
• Fifteen hundred Greensburg residents are misplaced by an EF‐5 tornado. The fortitude plunging to shut the electric and gas utilities off immediately. The inner voice speaks to each of us to head for shelter now.
• Out of 1,300 homes,961 were destroyed; 105 with major, 67 with minor and 11 with slight damage. 12 persons lost their lives.
• We are survivors . We are the 21st century pioneers. Through the blood, sweat and tears, we will forge forward to regroup our roots. We are rebuilding a new Greensburg.
Greensburg Rebuilding…Mayor Dixson
Greensburgks.org
New Water Tower
New LED Streetlights
New All LED Streetlights
1st City in the U.S. to have all LED Streetlights
Kiowa County Memorial HospitalGrand Opening March 2010
and to achieve LEED Platinum Certification
Dillons Store Grand Opening February 11, 2009
BTI-Greensburg John Deere Dealership
LEED Platinum Certified
Arts Center
1st LEED Platinum Building in Kansas
City of Greensburg Sun Chips Business Incubator1st LEED Platinum Building Municipal Building in Kansas
1st LEED Platinum Residential Facility in
Kansas
Prairie Point Townhomes
New Homes
Blessed with a unique opportunity To create a strong communityDevoted to family, Fostering business, working together for future generations.
3. One Paradigm– The Community Paradigm of Integrated Disaster Risk Governance in China
WHO International Safe Community
Definition: A “Safe Community” can be a Municipality; a County; a City or a District of a City working with safety promotion, Injury‐, Violence‐ and Suicide‐ prevention and prevention of the consequences (human injuries) related to Natural Disaster, covering all age groups, gender and areas and is a part of an international network of accredited programmes.
Indicators for International Safe Communities
1. An infrastructure based on partnership and collaborations, governed by a cross‐sectional group that is responsible for safety promotion in their community;
2. Long‐term, sustainable programs covering both genders and all ages, environments, and situations;
3. Programs that target high‐risk groups and environments, and programs that promote safety for vulnerable groups;
4. Programs that document the frequency and causes of injuries; 5. Evaluation measures to assess their programs, processes and the effects of
change; 6. Ongoing participation in national and international Safe Communities networks.
Safe Community Youth Park Community• Economy: China
Number of inhabitants: 20,760 (2005) Programme started year:2002International Safe Communities Network Membership: Designation year:2006
• The programme covers the following safety promotion activities:For the age group
• Children 0‐14 years: • “Dang. Dang” Promotion Station for the youngsters• The survey carried out by the Youth Park Safe Promotion Committee at the end of 2004
found that many school children’s parents had the long‐standing wrong idea of education, that is, the more you urge children to study hard, the more successful they will be. Aiming at this issue, the committee established “Dang. Dang” Promotion Station focusing on education promotion for youngsters on May 10, 2005.
• Before the summer vacation, a series of safety education activities have been carried out in the primary and middle schools in the community to reduce accident and injury which used to occur in summer vacation. Exhibition was held in three schools alternatively and each student was distributed a Safety Knowledge Handbook, covering public safety, fire safety, traffic safety and so on.
Safe Community Youth Park Community• economy: China
Number of inhabitants: 20,760 (2005) Programme started year:2002International Safe Communities Network Membership: Designation year:2006
• The programme covers the following safety promotion activities: • For the age group • At the following environments:
Home: Home SafetyTraffic: Traffic safetyOccupational: Safe Production School: School safety. Violence prevention: Community Police Suicide prevention: Psychological consultation servicePrograms aiming at “High risk‐groups”:Programs for the disabled people
NDRCC Model Community of Integrated Disaster Reduction
Definition: A “model community” can be a community working with integrated disaster reduction covering all actions in disaster governance and is a part of an national network of accredited programmes by the office of NDRCC
Numbers: 784(End of 2009)
Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and Development
Sustainability
Circular Economy
Saving Resources
EnvironmentFriendship
Risk Governance
Green Economy
Disaster System (DS)
DS=E∩H∩S DS=E∩H∩S
• Environments (E)• Hazards (H)• Socio-economic system (S)
• Environments (E)• Hazards (H)• Socio-economic system (S)
(P. Shi, 1991)
Discussion How do we assess multi-hazards risk and Disaster chains?
Multi-hazards risk --regional multi-layer risks overlay using GIS?Disaster chains risk--regional risk accumulate with “disaster tree”?
Earthquake disaster chain
Heavy Rain
Rock Collapse Landslides
Earthquake
Barrier lakesDebris Flow
Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Chains
Government: Development and Disaster Reduction (Governance)Community: Safety Construction (Legislation)Institute: Risk Transformation (Mechanism)Family: Risk Awareness (Education)
Family
Com
munity
Institutes
Governm
entsLocal
RegionalGlobal
Place
Integration
Coordination
Cooperation
Construction
Communication
Stakeholders
Scales
Actions
Stakeholders Mode of Disaster Risk Reduction
Four Dimensional Paradigm of IRGSystem of systems for Multi-stakeholder, Multi-action, Multi-system and Multi-phase systems
Integration of Integrations for Cooperation , Coordination , Opimization and Integration modes in transition-in and transition-out of IRG
System forMulti-stakeholder,Multi-action, Multi-system andMulti-phase systems
Integration forCooperation ,Coordination ,Opimization andIntegration modes
Structural
Individual Household CommunityInstitute GovernmentBefore
During
After
Non-structural Multi-system (Optimization)
Multi-stakeholder (Cooperation)
Multi-action (Coordination)
Multi-phase (Integration) C1: Construction C2: Communication C3: Clarification
C1
C2
C3
Integrated risk governance and optimizing mode
--Consilience between Structure and Function Optimization
Consilience between top‐down and bottom‐up governmencein transition‐in and transition‐out of LSD risk China
With reference to the successful experiences of the developed economies in LSD risk transfer, while increasing the disaster protection level in high-risk areas, integrating catastrophe insurance with improving the “China’s national catastrophe governance paradigm”, will definitely increase the efficiency and benefit of resource utilization for catastrophe response and improve world’s capacity to governance to catastrophe.How do we transform from resillence economy and vulnerability community to resillence economy and community of LSD risk in China ? TimeChinese Western Developed Country
Time
Top‐down Model Nation‐wide Paradigm of Integrated LSD Risk
Governance in China
Chinese Paradigm for Integrated LSD Risk Governance (Top‐down model)
• The Chinese Government’s paradigm of “Nation‐wide integrated LSD risk governance” includes
bases: the political advantage of China’s socialist institution that can concentrate forces for a major event, construct temporary structures lawfully for emergency
command, increasingly enhanced national strength, the excellent character of the Chinese nation and strong leadership of the central government
contents: the national system of integrated catastrophe risk governance composed of the core role of the central government, crucial role of the people’s army,
assurance role of the powerful national strength, promoting role of the nationwide participation and cohering role of the media guidance
systems: the structural system of national integrated disaster risk governance composed of “safety protection, disaster rescue and relief, emergency management and risk transfer” and the functional system of national
integrated disaster risk governance composed of “preparedness, emergency, recovery and reconstruction”
“Chinese Top‐down Paradigm”
Bottom‐up ModelThe Community Paradigm of Integrated LSD Risk
Governance in China
The Community Paradigm of Integrated LSD Risk Governance in ChinaSustainability Development
(bottom‐up model)
DS (Sustainability Development )=E∩H∩SDS (Sustainability Development )=E∩H∩S
• Environments and Resources(E)• Hazards and Disasters (H)• Socio-economic system (S)
• Environments and Resources(E)• Hazards and Disasters (H)• Socio-economic system (S)
Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development (bottom-up model)
Chinese Paradigm for Integrated LSD Risk (bottom‐up model)
• The Chinese Local Government’s paradigm of “integrated LSD risk governance” includes
bases: Based on the carrying capacity of local resources and environments ,social and economic development level
contents: the local system of integrated catastrophe risk governance composed of the improve resources utilization efficience and environment quality, regroup
industry structure and replan land use pattern, resitrct entry and reinforce prevention capacity, join disaster insurance and build safety commmunities
and promote mutul‐rescue scheme and master self‐rescue skillssystems: the structural system of local integrated disaster risk governance
composed of “safety protection, disaster rescue and relief, emergency management and risk transfer” and the functional system of local integrated disaster risk governance composed of “preparedness, emergency, recovery
and reconstruction”
“Chinese bottom‐up Paradigm”
Thank you!
谢谢谢谢